英语入门基础知识

1、英语词性缩写英语词性缩写 n = 名词，名词，noun的缩写的缩写 v = 动词，动词， verb的缩写的缩写u = 不可数名词，不可数名词，uncountable noun的缩写的缩写 c = 可数名词，可数名词，countable noun的缩写的缩写vi = 不及物动词，不及物动词，intransitive verb的缩写的缩写 vt = 及物动词，及物动词，transitive verb的缩写的缩写 model verb 情态动词情态动词英语词性缩写英语词性缩写 conj = 连接词连接词 ，conjunction的缩写的缩写 adj. = 形容词，形容词，adjective的缩写的缩

2、写 adv. = 副词，副词，adverb的缩写的缩写 prep. = 介词；介词；preposition的缩写的缩写pron. = 代名词，代名词，pronoun的缩写的缩写aux.v = 助动词助动词 ，auxiliary verb的缩写的缩写 art. = 冠词，冠词，article的缩写的缩写 英文基本句式英文基本句式五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。 S十十V 主谓结构主谓结构S十十V十十P 主系表结构主系表结构S十十V十十O 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构S十十V十十O1十十O2 主谓双宾结构主谓双宾结构S十十V十十O十十C 主谓宾补结构主谓

3、宾补结构 (说明：说明：S主语；主语；V谓语；谓语；P表语；表语；O宾语宾语O1间接宾语；间接宾语；O2直接宾语；直接宾语；C补语补语)1S十十V 在此句式中，在此句式中，V是不及物动词是不及物动词He runs quickly他跑得快。他跑得快。They listened carefully他们听得很仔细他们听得很仔细.He suffered from cold and hunger他挨冻受他挨冻受饿。饿。China belongs to the third world country中中国属于第三世界国家。国属于第三世界国家。英文基本句式英文基本句式2S十十V十十P V是系动词是系动词 (

4、look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get/ fall ill/asleep, stand/sit still, become, turn)He is older than he looks The story sounds interesting You have grown taller than before He has suddenly fallen ill He becomes a teacher when he grew up 英文基本句式英文基本句式3S十十V十十O V是及物动词是及物动词 I saw a f

5、ilm yesterday They found their home easilyThey built a house last year英文基本句式英文基本句式4S十十V十十O1十十O2 带双宾语的动词有带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，getHe gave me a book/a book to meHe offered me his seat/his seat to meHe lend me his bike英文基本句式英文基本句式5S十十V十十O十十C 作宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短作宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。They made the girl angry They found her happy that day I found him out/in They named the bo