定语从句讲解+练习+答案汇编

1、学习-好资料高中-定语从句讲解练习（一）定义及相关术语1 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C在定语 从句中担当一个成分。例如： The manwhois shak ing han ds with myfather is a policema n.该句中，whois shak ing han ds with myfather 是定语从句，修饰先行词the mar, “ who是引

2、导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词 the mar,在定语从句 中作主语。关系代词:指人who （定语从句中可做主语）Who（定语从句中可做宾语） 指物which可作主语/宾语That之 指人=who/whom 可作主语/宾语1指物=which ,可作主语/宾语Whose指人/指物，只用做定语，翻译成“ 的” （指物时可和of which 替换）As常和such as,the same as 连用。主语/宾语关系词表时间，在定语从句中做时间状语， 间的词 time ，day,year,moment 等等表地点，在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词一般是表 地点的词，place,city,house,co

3、 untry 等等 Iwhy表原因，在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词一般是Ithe reason注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句Whe关系副词Jwhere先行词一般是表时来表示。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys whoare playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Thosewhowant to goto the museummust be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow m orning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点

4、到大门口集合。Yesterday I helped an old manwhohad lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher whoteaches us physics.学习-好资料那就是教我们物理的老师。2. whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whon) you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is justthe boy ( whom ) I want to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩。The profes

5、sor ( whom ) you are wait ing for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了。The girl ( whom ) the teacher ofte npraises is our mon itor老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意：关系代词 whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who来代替，也可省略。The man( whom/ who)you met just nowis myold friend.3. Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a gamewhich is liked by most boys.

6、足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。The factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers他喜欢外国作家写的书。The house which is子看上去很漂亮。by thelakelooksnice.湖边的那幢房This is the pen ( 天买的钢笔。which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨The film ( which )theywentto seelastni

7、ghtwas not in teresti ngat all.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4. That指人时，相当于 who或whom指物时，相当于 which.。在定语从句中作 主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city ea ch year reaches one millio n.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百力。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？Thepersonthat/whom you i

8、ntroducedto meisvery kind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。Theseas onthat/ which comes afterspri ngissummer.学习-好资料春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。5. Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scie ntist whose nameis known all over the coun try.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。He has a

9、friendwhose father is a doctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whosedoor is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Doyou like the bookwhosecover is yellow?Doyou lik

10、e the book the cover of which is yellow?(三) “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school (which / that) he onee studied in is very famous.The school in which he onee studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。Tomorrowl ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrowl ll bri

11、ng here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。This is the boy (whom/ who/ that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom played tennis with yesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。We- ll goto hear the famous s in ger (whom/ who/ that) wehave ofte n talked about.We ll go to hear the famous s

12、in ger about whomwehave ofte n talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。The managerwhosecompanyl work in pays muchattention to improving our wo rking conditions.The managerin whosecompanyl work pays muchattention to improving our wo rking conditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lo

13、ok for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I amlooking for.(正)这是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I amlooking .(误)The babies (whom/ who/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.（ 正 ） 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。The babies after whomthe nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）2

14、 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom不可用who, that ;关系代词指物时只可用 which ，不可用 that 。关系代词是所有格时用 whose。 Themanwith whomyoutalked just nowis myneighbour.（正）你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. （误）The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.（正） 我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。

15、 The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.（误）3 “介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any, none, all, both, neither, many,most, each, few 等代词或者数词。 如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very him.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。there are quite many apples, some of 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了 students in cities.kind to

16、In the basket ave gone bad. There are forty are from big 来自大城市。 Up to now, he about countrywhich hourOclass in all, most我们班总共有4 0个学生，大多数of whomhas written life.tenstories, three of which are 迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中代替 this/that/the3部是关于农村生活的。 词关系代词引导的定语从句特例 1) ， .of +关系代词。 2)which(四) 关系副词引导的定语从句 1 when 指时间，

17、在定语从句中作时间状语。I still rememberthe day whenI first cameto this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。October 1,1949 was the day when the People s Republic of China was founded.1949年 10月 1 日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。Do you remember the years when he lived in the co un

18、tryside with his grandparents.你还记得在农村和你祖父母起生活的那些年吗？2 where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。Is this the place where they fou

19、ght the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？3 why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告 诉我你误机的原因。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚 的原因我们都不知道。I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不 知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词 +关系代词”引导 的定语从句来表示。如：From the

20、 years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Great changes are taking place in the city where / in whic h they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.

21、 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语， 如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 译法上：译成先行词的定语：“的”关系词的使用上：A.作宾语时可省略 B 可用that C 可用who代替whom 非限制性定语从句形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上：A.不可省略B .不用that C .不可用who代替whom限制性定语从句举例：Theteacher told met

22、hat Tomwasthe only person that I could depend on. 老 师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。学习-好资料Chin a is a co untry which has a l ong history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。In the street I sawa manwhowasfrom Africa.在街上我看至U个来自非洲的人。非限制性定语从句举例：一His mother, wholoves him very much, is strict with him.他妈妈十分地爱他， 对他要求很严格。China, which wasfound

23、ed in 1949, is becoming moreand morepowerful.中国是1949年成立的，现在正变得越来越强大。Last summerI visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which manyimportant meetings are held every year. 去年夏 天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况1 .当先行词是 everything, anything, nothing （something 除 外）,all, none, few, litt

24、le,some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如： Haveyou taken downeverything that Mr. Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了 吗？There seemsto be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说 似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。All that can be donehas beendone.所有能做的都做好了。There is little that I can do for you.

25、我不能为你干什么。Hestayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.他 呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who,女口：Anymanthat / whohas asense of duty wont do such a thing. 任何有责任感的 人都不会做这样的事。All the guests that / whowere invited to her wedding were important people.所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2. 当先行词被

26、序数词修饰时。如：The first place that they visited in London wasthe Big Ben.在伦敦他们参 观的第一个地方是大本钟。3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。4. 当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。After the fire in his house, the old car is the

27、 only thing that heowns.家 里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词whQ如：WangHuais the only person in our school whowill attend the meeting. 王华 是我校唯一出席会议的人。5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：Whois the manthat is standing by the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？Which is the T-shirt that fits memost?哪件 T 恤衫最合我的身？6当先行词为人与动物或

28、人与物时。如：They talked about the persons and things that they rememberedat school 他 们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。Look at the manand his donkey that are walking upthe street. 瞧瞧那个沿 街走来的人和他的 毛驴。（二）关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具 体情况是：1. as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： Hemarr

29、ied her, as/ which wasnatural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。 Heis honest, as / which wecan see. 他很诚实， 这一点我们看得出来。2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割 主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：Asis knownto all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中 国家。Heis from the south, as wecan knowfrom his accent.

30、 他是南方人，这一点我 们从他的口音可以知道。John, as you know, is afamouswriter. 正如你所知， 约翰是个著名作家。 ZhangHuahasbeento Paris more t h an ten times, which I dont believe. 张 华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用 which。 如：Tomwaslate for school again andagain, which madehis teacher very angry. 汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。Thes

31、etables are madeof metal, which madethemvery heavy. 这些桌子是金属 的，这使得这些桌子很重。1. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，关系词常用as。女口：I ve never heard suchstories ashe tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。 Heis not such afool ashe looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。This is the samedictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的 一样。注意：当先行词受the same修饰时，偶尔也用t

32、hat引导定语从句，但与as引 导的定语从句意思有区别。如：Shewore the samedress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚 礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。Shewore the samedress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的 一样的连衣裙。（三）以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而 且通常可以省略。如：Theway（that / in which ） heansweredthe questions wassurprising. 他回答 这些问题的

33、方式令人惊奇。I dont like the way(that / in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你冲她 的样子。（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即 所担当的成分）。试比较：A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。I knowa place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景 色优美而闻名的地方。B. I will n

34、ever forget the days whenwespent our holidays together. 我永 远忘不了我们一起 度假的日子。I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。C. This is the reason whyhe was dismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。This is the reason that / which he explained to mefor his not attending t he meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没

35、有参加会议的原因。（五）but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。如：There are very few but admire his talents. 很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。 （ but = whodont ）（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别 1定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词 的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （定语从句） 刚刚起飞 的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。The fact that hehas already died is quite clear. （同位

36、语从句） 他已经 去世了，这个事实很明了。2定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导， 关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分， 关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词 that 引导，在 从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由 where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连 词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。The newsthat he told meis true. （定语从句） 他告诉我的消息是真 的。The newsthat hehas just died is true. （同位语从句） 他刚刚去世了， 这个消息是真的。The problem that

37、 weare facing nowis howwecancollect so muchmoney. （ 定语从句 ） 我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。The problem howwecancollect so muchmoneyis difficult to solve. （同 位语从句） 我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。The question that he raised puzzled all of us. （定语从句） 他提出的 问题让我们很为难。The question whether heis sure to win the gameis hard to ans

38、wer. （同 位语从句） 他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。3同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词 be 发展成一个完整的句子 , 而定语从 句则不能。如：A. The idea that he wecould ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. （ 同位语从句）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.B. The fact that the earth movesaround the sunis knownto all. （同位语 从句）

39、 地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。The fact is that the earth movesaround the sun.C. Pay attention to the problem how wecan protect the wild animals. （ 同位语从句） 请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。The problem is howwecan protect the wild animals.Exercises:1. There are three bedrooms in the house, is Marys.A the smallest of whichB the sma

40、ller of whichC the smallest of themD the smallest one2. The Greens will move into the new house next Monday, it will becompletely finished.A by the timeB by which time C by that time D by this time3. Alice has a large collection of phone, was taken in london.A none of them B no one of whichC all of

41、whichD none of which4. With the fast development of agriculture, the people village Itaught before lived a happy life.A who B whose C in whose D in which5. There is a moutain the top is always covered with snow.A whose B of which C itsD that6.She mayhave missed her train, in case she wont arrive for

42、 anotherhour.A what B that C which D this7.1）I have three children,and two of are doctors.2）I have three children, two of are doctors.8.There two thousand students in our school, are girls.A two-thirds in whichB two-thirds in them C two-thirds of themD ofwhom two thirds9.I have bought two ballpens,

43、writes well.A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which （ 1-6ABDCBC 79 B DDC ）特殊结构定语从句点击1. These houses are sold at such a low price people expected.A. like B. as C. that D. which2. Ive never heard so interesting a story you told me.A. as B. that C. of which D. about which3.

44、Ive seen the same film you saw yesterday.A. that B. which C. as D. like4. Ill buy the same coat you wear.A. that B. which C. as D. like5. He made another wonderful discovery, of great importance toscience.A. which I think isB. which I think it isC. which I think itD. I think is6. is known to everybo

45、dy, the moon travels round the earth onceevery month.A. It B. As C. That D. What7. This is the first time he has been here.A. that B. when C. at which D. which8. I dont like you speak to her.A. the way B. they way in that C. the way which D. the way ofwhich答案与简析：1. B。当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为suc

46、h+ (a/an ) +形容词+名词+ as引导的定语从句，意为 像 一样的。整个句 子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。2. A 。由 so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你 告诉我那样有趣的故事。3. A4. C。当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用 that引导定语从句指同一物，而用 as引导定语从句指同类事物。5. A。做此题的关键是要知道I think在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉 便可容易

47、得到答案。6. BoA s在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如： as you know, as is said above, as is often the case(情况经常是这样)等。如选A，则需将逗号改为that ；如选D,则需将逗号改为is that 。7. A 。当先行词为 the first time, the last time等时，定语从句的引导词用that 而不用 when。8. A。当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词用that或in which,也可省略。定语从句 - 实战演练1 This is the

48、 best factory we visited last year .A. where B. which C. in which D. that2.Is this the factory computers are built ?A. that B. which C. in which D. in that3. please pass me the dictionary cover is red .A. whoseB.itsC. whichD. which of4. The man has arrived .A. whom I told youB. that I told youC. who

49、m I told you about him D. I told you about5. Do you know the comrade we are talking ?A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that6. They visited the house _the great writer was born .A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where7. The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .A. whom B. which C

50、. whoD. whose8. He asked us to watch carefully everything _he did in class .A. who B. thatC. whatD. where9. I ll visit the professor tomorrow ,_he will be back from Shanghai . A. who B. thatC. whenD. which10. The school _I study is a new one .A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which11. China h

51、as many islands,the largest is Taiwan .A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which12. The city my mother grew up is not far from here .A. whatB. where C. that D. which13. Our teacher lives in the house door faces to the north .A. whichB. hisC. that D. whose14. Do you know the man _your father nodde

52、d ?A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about whom15. Wrestling is a sport in _people easily get hurt .A. thatB. whenC. which D. what16. I told you I know .A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whom17. China has a lot of famous writers ,one _is Lu Xun .A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them18.

53、 Is this factory we visited last year ?A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one19. Who is the man was there ?A. who B. which C. that D. whom20. Is there anything I can do for you, sir ?A. thatB. whichC. whose D. who21. I still remember the day she first wore that green dress .A. whichB. in whic

54、h C. on that D. on which22. The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp .A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which23. The games the young men competed in were difficult .A. in which B. which C. it D. who24.It rained hard yesterday, A. thatB. which25. George Mallory was an English school teacherA. who B. whomC. he26.His parents wouldn t let him marry anyone A.of whom B.whom 27.She heard a terribleprevented me from going to the park.C. as D. it loved climbing. D. which family wa