初三年级被动语态

1、被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态一、定义二、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态区别两种语态（定义）区别两种语态（定义）主动语态： 被动语态：主语是动作的执行者。 主语是动作的承受者。 (中文的“把字句”) (中文的“被字句”) 主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语； 将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be动词过去分词”结构；再由be动词体现时态；将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略） 三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态1. 一般现在时的被动语态 Eg. 1). 我们每天打扫

2、教室。We clean our classroom every day. = Our classroom _ _ by _every day. is cleaned us 2). 老师要求我努力学习。 The teacher asks me to study hard. =I _ _ to study hard by the teacher am asked 一般现在时的被动语态构成：一般现在时的被动语态构成：一般现在时的主动语态构成：一般现在时的主动语态构成：主语+动词原形/ 动词的第三人称单数 +宾语。主语主语+ is / am / are + 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词(+by

3、 sb.)练习：我们用小刀来切东西 We use knives for cutting things. Knives are used for cutting things by us. 三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态2. 一般过去时的被动语态 Eg. 1). 我们昨天打扫教室。We cleaned our classroom yesterday. = Our classroom _ _ by _ yesterday. was cleaned us 2). 他们去年修建了两所学校。 They built two schools last year. = Two

4、 schools _ _ by _ last year.were built them一般现在时的被动语态构成：一般现在时的被动语态构成：一般过去时的主动语态构成：一般过去时的主动语态构成：主语+动词过去式+宾语。主语主语+ was/ were + 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词(+by sb.)练习：昨天我们用小刀来切东西 We used knives for cutting things yesterday. Knives were used for cutting things by us yesterday. 三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态3.

5、一般将来时的被动语态 Eg. 1). 我们明天将打扫教室。We will clean our classroom tomorrow. = Our classroom _ _ _ by _ tomorrow.be cleaned us 2). 他们明年将修建两所学校。 They will build two schools next year. = Two schools _ _ _ by _ next year.be built themwillwill一般将来时的被动语态构成：一般将来时的被动语态构成：一般将来时的主动语态构成：一般将来时的主动语态构成：主语+will +动词原形+宾语。主语

6、+am/ is / are going to+动词原形+宾语。主语主语+ will + be + 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词(+by sb.)主语主语+ am/ is/ are going to + be + 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词(+by sb.)练习：明天我们将用小刀来切东西 We will use knives for cutting things tomorrow. Knives will be used for cutting things by us tomorrow. 三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态4. 现在完成时的被动语

7、态 Eg. 1). 我们已经打扫了教室。We have already cleaned our classroom. = Our classroom _ already _ _ by _ .been cleaned us 2). 他们修建这两所学校有3年了。 They have built the two schools for three years. = Two schools _ _ _ by _ for three years.been built themhashave现在完成时的被动语态构成：现在完成时的被动语态构成：现在完成时的主动语态构成：现在完成时的主动语态构成：主语+hav

8、e/ has +动词过去分词+宾语。主语主语+ have/ has+ been + 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词(+by sb.)练习：我们已经用小刀来切东西 We have used knives for cutting things . Knives have been used for cutting things by us . 三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态5. 含有情态动词的被动语态 Eg. 1). 我们应该打扫教室。We should clean our classroom. = Our classroom _ _ _ by _ .be

9、cleaned us 2). 他们可以两所学校。 They can build two schools. = Two schools _ _ _ by _ .bebuilt themshouldcan含有情态动词的被动语态构成：含有情态动词的被动语态构成：含有情态动词的主动语态构成：含有情态动词的主动语态构成：主语+情态动词+动词原形+宾语。主语主语+ 情态动词情态动词+ be + 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词(+by sb.)练习：我们可以用小刀来切东西 We can use knives for cutting things . Knives can be used for cut

10、ting things by us . 四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况：四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况： 1. 含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态 2. 不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态3. 带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态 4. 含短语动词的主动语态变被动语态 四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况：四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况：1. 含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态Eg. 1). 他给了这个男孩男孩一个苹果苹果。 He gave the boy an apple The boy _ _ an apple was given An apple _ _ _ t

11、he boy was given to 四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:1. 含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态Eg. 2). 她的父亲给她买了一份礼物。 Her father bought her a present She _ _ a present by her father was boughtA present _ _ _ her by her father was boughtfor四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:1. 含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况： 把间接宾语改为被动语态

12、的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位； 把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。 give / show/ pass / send/ bring/ lend/ throw/ return sb. sth.= give / show/ pass / send/ bring/ lend/ throw/ return sth. to sb. cook/ buy / make sb sth. = cook / buy/ make sth. for sb.四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:1. 含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态练习：妈妈每

13、天给我做饭。 My mother cooks me meals every day. I am cooked meals by my mother every day. Meals are cooked for me by my mother every day. 四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:2. 不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时 ：Eg. 那天早上他们观看了孩子们跳舞。 They watched the children dance that morning The children _ _ _ _that morningw

14、ere watched to dance四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:2. 不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时 ：不定式前要加to主动语态用省略to的不定式做宾语补足语的有： make/ have/ see/ watch/ hear/ notice sb do sth. 变为被动语态时： be made/ had/ seen/ watched/ heard/ noticed to do 四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:2. 不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时 ：不定式前

15、要加上to练习：我们常看见Tom打篮球。 We often see Tom play basketball. Tom is often seen to play basketball by us.四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:3. 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态 Eg. 1). 我们称呼他为小王。 We call him Xiao Wang He _ _ Xiao Wang by us is called 2). 他们告诉他帮助我。 They told him to help me He _ _ to help me by them was told 四

16、、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:3. 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态 :一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。 练习：他把头发剪短了。 He cut his hair short His hair was cut short 四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:4. 主动语态的谓语是短语动词 Eg. 我们必须照顾好小树。We must take good care of the young trees The young trees _ _ _ _ _must be taken good care

17、 of 四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:4. 主动语态的谓语是短语动词时：改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。 练习： 他们想出了一个好主意。They came up with a good idea.A good idea _ _ _ _by them.was come up with 五、没有被动语态的情况：五、没有被动语态的情况： 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 五、使用被动语态应注意的问题：五、使用被动语态应注意的问题： 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。Eg. 100年后会发生什么？ What will

18、 happen in 100 years.常见的没有被动语态的动词有常见的没有被动语态的动词有：1). 系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become2). 动词短语：break out(爆发), come out(出版), take place(发生), belong to (属于)五、使用被动语态应注意的问题：五、使用被动语态应注意的问题：2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。1). 物+ want, require, need + doingeg. 房间需要打扫。The room needs cleaning.2). be worth doing ：值得做eg. 这本书值得看。The book is worth reading .五、使用被动语态应注意的问题：五、使用被动语态应注意的问题：2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。3). cut, read, sell, wear, write等词带状语修饰时eg. 这款鞋卖得好。This kind of shoes sells well.Exercises:一、将下列各句改为被动语态。1. We often sing this song.2. He broke his leg in the mat