全面解析中考动词和非谓语动词分析

1、动词动词概述 表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可以分为以下四类：类别例句使用特点实义/行为动词及物动词Love, make 后跟宾语不及物动词Go, rise 后不跟宾语连系动词Be, look后跟表语助动词Be, have, do, shall, will, did 本身没有词义，后跟动词原形或分词，构成疑问句或否定句等情态动词Can, may, mist 本身有词义，后跟动词原形，构成谓语一、实义动词 及物动词与不及物动词 根据后面是否

2、带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词。Vt. vi . They study hard.  I know them well.  注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如： She sings very well. She sang an English song just now.  英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动

3、词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，词义不变。试比较：  Shall I begin at once? She began working as a librarian after she left school. When did they leave Chicago?They left last week.  短语： 

4、;动态动词和静态动词 动态动词表示动作，如give, take, work, run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, 

5、suppose，imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。 延续性动词和非延续性动词 根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。 注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如

6、： 译他离开这里三天了。 误He has left here for three days.  正He has been away from here for three days.  正He left here three days ago.  正Its three days since 

7、;he left.  限定动词与非限定动词 词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，也叫非谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。 The room needs cleaning.   二、连系动词  系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。 Be：  He is

8、60;a teacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）I am fine.  2、keep, rest, remain, stay,例如：  He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。  This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。  3、表示"看起来像&

9、quot;这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：  He looks tired.    He seems (to be) very sad.  4、feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：  This kind of cloth feels very s

10、oft.        This flower smells very sweet.  5、become, grow, turn, fall（asleep）, get, go, come, run.  He became mad after that.      

11、60; She grew rich within a short time. 6、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意， The rumor proved false.      His plan turned out a success

12、. （turn out表终止性结果） 7使役动词：let,have,make 使，让 Let /make somebody do sth The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school. Make sb/sth adj.   The story makes me&#

13、160;happy. The color makes it look beautiful. Have somebody do sth  让某人做某事 Have sth done 让某物被做 My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed. 有些动词它

14、们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如： Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。(look用作实义动词)  He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词)  They are at work.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词)  They are wor

15、king.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时)   三、助动词 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。 助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译，例如： He doesn't like English.（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义) 1、助动词be(is, am,are,was,were)，have(has, had, having)，do(did,does). 

16、*do(does, did) 的用法 （1）构成疑问句或否定句  (How) did you know ?  He does not smoke.  （2）加强语气。 He did tell that. Do come and see us. （3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。 -You like popular&

17、#160;music, don't you?   -Yes , I do. He speaks French as fluently as she does. （4）用于倒装句中。 Never did he pay attention to my words. Only then did I 

18、;understand the importance of English. （5）构成否定的祈使句。 Don't be so careless. Do not hesitate to come for help.  情态动词  Can,could,may,might, shill,should, will,would,need,dear,have to,&#

19、160;ought to  例题.1. Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.    A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt  2. -Must I

20、 stay at home, Mum? -No, you _.    A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. may not  3. -Can you go swimming with us this afternoon? -Sorry, I cant. I

21、 _ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.    A. can B. may C. would D. have to 4. -May I go to the cinema, Mum

22、? -Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 oclock.    A. can B. may C. must D. need 5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. 

23、;  A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown   C. cant throw D. may not throw  6. -May I go out to play basketball, Dad?   -No, you _.

24、60;You must finish your homework first.    A. mustnt B. may not C. couldnt D. neednt  7. -Where is Jack, please ? -He _ be in the reading room. &

25、#160;  A. can B. need C. would D. must 8. -Mum, may I watch TV now?   -Sure, but you _ help me with my housework first.   A. can B. may

26、 C. must D. could 9. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he _ speak it after calss.   A. could B. didnt have to C. might 

27、;D. shouldnt 10. John _ go there with us tonight, but he isnt very sure about it.    A. must B. can C. will D. may 11. Even the top students 

28、;in our class cant work out this problem. So it _ be very difficult.  A. can B. may C. must D. need  12. Its still early. You _.   A.mustnt&

29、#160;hurry B. wouldnt hurry C. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry 13. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do.    A. cant B.&#

30、160;couldnt C. may not D. might not 14. -Could I borrow your dictionary? - Yes, of course you _.    A. might B. will C. can D. should 15. _ I

31、0;know your name?  A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must 16. I _ like to know where you were born.   A. shall B. should C. do D. may 17. _ yo

32、u be happy!  A. Might B. Must C. Wish D. May              CADCB  CACBD CDACA  CDCDA  CA非谓语动词一、不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式

33、为to 动词原形，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。一、动词不定式作主语1. It's our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省)2. It's hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. le

34、arning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _the workers over a year _ _the flyover.(北京市海淀区)4. It's very nice _you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is 形容词(of sb)to do sth.(

35、2)It is 名词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is 形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。二、动词不定式作宾语1. He wants _ some vegetab

36、les.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Don't forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D简析在want， like， agree， hope， wish，

37、 learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省)2. Mr Li oft

38、en teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省)Key： 1. B 2. C简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。四、动词不定式作状语1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best

39、 _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C简析go， come， try， do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。3. I'm sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. I'm sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My m

40、other was very glad _her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A简析be 形容词 to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that peopl

41、e couldn't skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasn't _ enough _ people _ _ _. (广东省)Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on简析在上述too 形容词/副词(for sb)to do(太而不能)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足够做)结构中，不定式作结果状语。五、动词不定式作定语1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to

42、 drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省)简析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。六、不带to的动词不定式1. We saw him _the build

43、ing and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel 3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陕西省)4. I was mad

44、e _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. didKey： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C简析1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在had better后面接不带to的不定式。七、动词不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. d

45、idn't jump D. not jump (广西壮族自治区)2. The old man told the child _ noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have， not to be B. have，not beC. be， not to be D. be， not be (内蒙古自治区)Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C简析动词不定式的否定形式

46、通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1. Please stop _a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (广西)2. Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took 3. Let's have a

47、 rest, shall we?Not now, I can't stop _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所给单词的正确形式填空简析一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下：stop to do sth意为停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事，stop doing sth意为停止正在做的事：remember to do sth意为记住去做某事(事还未做)，remember

48、doing sth意为记得做过某事(事已做)：go on to do sth意为接着做某事(做完一事，接着做另一事)，go on doing sth意为继续做某事(一事未做完接着往下做)：forget to do sth意为忘了做某事(事还未做)，forget doing sth意为忘了曾做过某事(事已做)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it _ when she was walki

49、ng past.A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龙江省)Key： 5. B 6. A简析在see， hear， watch， feel等感官动词+do，也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，用原形表示动作的全过程(动作已结束)，用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I would

50、like C. I like to D. I'd like to (浙江省)2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?_. What time are we going to meet?A. No, I can't B. Yes, I'm gladC. Yes, I'd love to D. I'd like (大连市)Keys： 1. D 2. C简析在口语中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于be glad to，would li

51、ke (love) to，have to等结构中。十、动词不定式的被动式和其他形式The new hospital _ is near the factory.A. build B. builds C. to build D. to be built (青海省)Key： D简析当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者(宾语)时，用动词不定式的被动式，即：to be 过去分词；如果不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，不定式用完成式，即：to have 过去分词；如果不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，用不定式的进行式，即：to be 现在分词练习：1. Dont fo

52、rget _ the letter.A. to send      B. send  C. sending      D. being sent2. The chair looks very old， but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit          B. sit on     C. b

53、e sat        D. be sat on3. Is _necessary to return the book tomorrow？A. this    B. that  C. it   D. which4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke     B. smoking   C. smokes&

54、#160;     D. smoke5. Mother told me _the water before I drank it.A. boiling B. boiled  C. boil  D. to boil6. On my way home，I stopped _some food.A. buy B. to buyC. buying D. bought7. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash&

55、#160;     B. washing   C. wash        D. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs _， but itll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaning    B. to be cleaned    C. clean      D. being

56、 cleaned9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to him   B. to visit him    C. visiting him    D. visited him10. Li Yang advised me _too much， otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drink    B. to drink    C. not drinki

57、ng    D. drinking 二、动名词动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词，在英语中使用极其广泛，因此要求每位学生对其都应清楚了解并正确运用。下面就动词的-ing形式在句中做定语总结如下：动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置，如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语；如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如：1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问

58、题。3.A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party？你知道来参加晚会的人数吗？注意：当-ing形式做后置定语时，可以相当于相应的定语从句。如：1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.2.The girl sitting nex

59、t to me was my cousin.The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查，即：1)说明被修饰词的性质，特征或用途。如：1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.2.He may be in the reading room，for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。3.Ladies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the meeting room.2)与

60、被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。如：1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher？3)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词，常做定语用来修饰物，表示“令人”。常用的此类词有：exciting，amusing，amazing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing，disappointing，discouraging，pleasing，striking，boring，tiring，t

61、ouching，moving，interesting，satisfying，terrifying，frightening等。如：1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历。2.The experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。3.There is a page missing from this book.这本书缺了一页。除了-ing形式能做定语外，如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动式，即being done.being doing通常表示正在被做，常做后置

62、定语。如：1.The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。2.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.-ing形式做定语专练1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollarsD.remaining 20 dollars

63、.2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _the desert.A.covering B.covered C.cover D.to cover3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school，most _were from Germany.A.study;of whom B.study;of them C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom4.The question _ at pre

64、sent has something important to do with our daily life.A.to be discussing B.to discuss C.been discussed D.being discussed5.China is a_country_to the third world.A.developed;belongs B.developing;belonging C.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged6.-Who is the man_to the teacher？-A model worker_our sch

65、ool.A.talks，visits B.is talking;is visiting C.talking;visiting D.talking;visited7.How many of us_，say，a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interested in the discussion？A.attend B.attendingC.to attend D.have attended8.The flowers_sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smellingC.smelt D.to be smelt三、分词一.概念: 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式二.相关知识点精讲:1.现在分词的用法： 1) 做表语：He was ve