大学英语四级翻译技巧讲解

1、翻译技巧讲解四级段落翻译的评分标准：四级段落翻译的评分标准：本题满分为本题满分为1515分，成绩分为六个档次：分，成绩分为六个档次：13-1513-15分、分、10-1210-12分、分、7-97-9分、分、4-64-6分、分、1-31-3分和分和0 0分。分。13-1513-15分分 译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。10-1210-12分分 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。重大语言错误。7-97-

2、9分分 译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。4-64-6分分 译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。当多的严重语言错误。1-31-3分分 译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。表达原文意思。0 0分分 未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。 翻译原文翻译原文 许多人喜

3、欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地的差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个饪技艺和配料在中国各地的差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共 同 点 ， 总 是 要 考 虑 到 颜 色 、 味 道 、 口 感 和 营 养共 同 点 ， 总 是 要 考 虑 到 颜 色 、 味 道 、 口 感 和 营 养（nutritionnutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜

4、之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。健康。 Many people enjoy Chinese food. Cooking is looked upon as an art as well as a skill in China. A carefully prepared Chinese dish is not only delicious to eat but also beautiful to look at. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the countr

5、y. But good cooking does have something in common. it always takes into account color, flavor, taste and nutrition. As food is vital to health, good cooks always strive to strike a balance between grains, meats and vegetables, so Chinese dishes are both delicious and healthy. 14分参考译文 Many people enj

6、oy Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only viewed as a skill but also regarded as a form of art. A carefully-prepared Chinese dinner can be both tasty and good looking. While cooking skills and ingredients differ largely from place to place in China, fine cooking always has something in common,

7、that is the consideration of color, flavor, taste and nutrition. Since food is vital to the health, a fine cook is always trying to achieve a balance between cereals, meat and vegetables. Therefore, the Chinese food is both delicious and healthy. （红色字体为有错误部分） 评语： 本译文用词贴切，行文流畅，注意到了句式的变化以及衔接词的使用。属于13-

8、15分分数档的高分翻译 11分参考译文 Many people like Chinese food. In china, cooking is regarded not only as a kind of skill but also as a kind of art. Chinese food, which is prepared carefully, is both delicious and good looking. Cooking skills and ingredients differ greatly from place to place in China. However,

9、good cooking shares one thing in common: color, taste, feel and nutrition are always under consideration. Since food is of vital importance to health, good cooks are always trying to be balanced with grain, meat, and vegetables. As a result, Chinese food is delicious and healthy. 评语： 本译文表达了绝大部分原文的意思

10、，文字通顺连贯，用到了复杂句式，显示出了较强的语言功底。属于10-12分分数档的翻译。 8分参考译文 Many people love Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only regarded a kind of skill, but also art. Well-prepared Chinese dishes taste good besides good look. There is a big different in cooking skills and ingredients between different parts of Chi

11、na. But one thing which is common in good dishes is that they all consider about the color, the tasting and the nutrition. As food is so important to health, good cookers always try to make a balance between corn, meat and vegetables. As a result, Chinese dishes are delicious and healthy. （划线句为正确句）

12、评语： 译文基本表达原文意思，但用词欠缺，语言错误相当多，且其中很多属于重大语言错误，所以归为7-9分档。 5分参考译文 Many people like Chinese food. Cooking is not only a skill but also it is a kind of art. It is delicious and beautiful that Chinese meals carefully prepared. It is differently in cooking and material beside in Chinese. But, good meals have

13、 a common point which color, teast and nutrition are though about. Then a good cooker is always trying their best to balance it from meat vegetables and so on. Therefore, Chinese meals are delicious and heathy. （划线句为正确句） 评语： 译文仅表达一部分原文意思。存在用词不准确，语言错误多等问题。所以定位为4-6分档译文。 2分参考译文 Many people like China f

14、ood. In China, not only a technolege make food, and also an artist. Good food is eated fine and seems fine. How make food and make the food need what is defferent in defferent place in China. But make good food just only think the foods colour teste, feel make people and nutrition. Food is importand

15、 for health, so good people that make food is use more power for better on meat and vagitable, so Chinese food is taste good and more health. 评语： 本译文没有一个正确的句子，全部都存在严重语法错误。本译文为2分译文。 0分 未作答或者只有几个孤立的词，或与原文毫不相关的摘抄为0分。在此处需要特别指出的是，学生通过关键词中餐，好吃等创作的作文，也不给分。段落翻译解题步骤段落翻译解题步骤 通读全段，确定时态和基本句型（拆分，从句，同位语，非通读全段，确定时

16、态和基本句型（拆分，从句，同位语，非谓语）谓语） 分析分析汉语句子汉语句子主干主干，找出主语、谓语、宾语及其他成分，找出主语、谓语、宾语及其他成分 确定单词和短语的翻译确定单词和短语的翻译 表达句子，字迹工整，划线涂改表达句子，字迹工整，划线涂改 校对翻译内容，除关注校对翻译内容，除关注是否漏译是否漏译外，尤其注意：外，尤其注意： 可数名词复数，谓语第三人称单数 简单词拼写错误 是否用逗号连接两个句子 在没有并列关系的句子中是否有且只有一个谓语（两个动词之间有没有不定式符号to） “有”的意思是否表达准确（have，there be，with） 主谓是否搭配（主语是否能够发出谓语的动作，需不需

17、要改成被动语态）1.单词词性中文中文“逗号逗号”后面信息的表达后面信息的表达 汉语中的句号，译成英文后仍为句号；汉语中的汉语中的句号，译成英文后仍为句号；汉语中的逗号在翻译成英文后，可将后面的信息处理为：逗号在翻译成英文后，可将后面的信息处理为： 非谓语动词结构非谓语动词结构 状语状语 介词短语结构介词短语结构 定语从句结构定语从句结构 或将后面句子用或将后面句子用andand连接，写出完整句子连接，写出完整句子若逗号前后的信息时态不同或主语不一致，可将其分若逗号前后的信息时态不同或主语不一致，可将其分成两个独立的句子成两个独立的句子中文中文“逗号逗号”后面信息的表达后面信息的表达 20112

18、011年年3 3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。 Chinas nuclear energy development stopped after Chinas nuclear energy development stopped after the nuclear power station accident the nuclear power station accident inin Japan Japan inin March,2011. M

19、arch,2011. The approval The approval of new nuclear power of new nuclear power plants plants was suspendedwas suspended, and , and thethe nationwide nationwide inspectioninspection of nuclear energy safety of nuclear energy safety startedstarted. .注：注： 主语不一致，分成两句。主语不一致，分成两句。 补充介词补充介词 无主句译成被动语态，或把宾语用

20、作主语无主句译成被动语态，或把宾语用作主语 由下文可知，由下文可知，“中止中止”只是暂停，要意译。只是暂停，要意译。无主语句子的翻译无主语句子的翻译 在分析汉语句子结构时，若发现无主语，或根据上下文推断在分析汉语句子结构时，若发现无主语，或根据上下文推断主语，或可采取三种句型：主语，或可采取三种句型：there bethere be句型；被动语态；形式句型；被动语态；形式主语（主语（it is + adj.+ to do sth.)it is + adj.+ to do sth.) 小孩满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。小孩满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。 When the baby is one-ye

21、ar old, When the baby is one-year old, there is there is a ritual a ritual called One-Year-Old Catch.called One-Year-Old Catch. 定语的翻译定语的翻译 汉语是头轻脚重的语言。汉语是头轻脚重的语言。“的的”字结构中，字结构中，“的的”字前面的信息大多数是定语，后面的名词则是中心字前面的信息大多数是定语，后面的名词则是中心词。英语是头重脚轻的语言。在译成英语时，词。英语是头重脚轻的语言。在译成英语时， 要调要调整语序，整语序，注意中心词在中间，单词式的定语一般放注意中心词在

22、中间，单词式的定语一般放在中心词之前，短语、动词或句子一般放在中心词在中心词之前，短语、动词或句子一般放在中心词后面（名词后面（名词+of+of结构，或定语从句）结构，或定语从句） 定语的翻译定语的翻译 长城长城/作为世界上最伟大的奇观之一，作为世界上最伟大的奇观之一，是是古代中国古代中国/在不同在不同时期时期/为抵御为抵御北方北方/ /游牧民族游牧民族/ /侵袭侵袭而修筑的而修筑的/规模浩大的规模浩大的/军事工程的军事工程的/统称统称。 The Great WallThe Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders in the , one of the

23、greatest wonders in the world, world, is the general name is the general name ofof a series a series ofof large- large-scale military constructions scale military constructions builtbuilt atat different different times times inin ancient China ancient China toto defend against the defend against the

24、 invasion invasion ofof nomadic tribes nomadic tribes from from the north.the north. 注：注： 确定句子主干确定句子主干 划分修饰语划分修饰语中英文的差异中英文的差异 汉语词汇与英语词汇不能一一对应，汉译英时应汉语词汇与英语词汇不能一一对应，汉译英时应避免字面翻译，以意译为主。避免字面翻译，以意译为主。 一些一些为接受更好教育为接受更好教育而而转往城市上学转往城市上学的学生如今的学生如今又又回到了回到了本地农村本地农村学校就读学校就读。 Some students who have Some students

25、who have transferred to urban transferred to urban schoolsschools for better education for better education nownow return to return to local rural local rural schoolsschools again.again.中英文的差异中英文的差异 英语多变化，汉语多重复英语多变化，汉语多重复 农历正月十五是中国传统的元宵节。正月是农历的第一个农历正月十五是中国传统的元宵节。正月是农历的第一个月，又称月，又称“元月元月”，古人称夜为，古人称夜为“宵

26、宵”，所以正月十五又所以正月十五又被成为元宵节被成为元宵节。赏灯是元宵节的传统习俗，。赏灯是元宵节的传统习俗，这一习俗这一习俗是从是从汉朝开始的。汉朝开始的。 The 15The 15thth day of the first lunar month is the day of the first lunar month is the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival. traditional Chinese Lantern Festival. It is so It is so called becausecalled because the firs

27、t lunar month is called the first lunar month is called “Yuan” month and in the ancient times people “Yuan” month and in the ancient times people called night “Xiao”. It is a traditional custom called night “Xiao”. It is a traditional custom to admire lanterns at the festival, to admire lanterns at

28、the festival, which which started started from the Han dynasty.from the Han dynasty. 中英文的差异中英文的差异 汉语的连接方式呈隐形汉语的连接方式呈隐形，即连接词很少出现或不出，即连接词很少出现或不出现，这体现为现，这体现为 意合意合; ; 而英语的连接方式呈显性而英语的连接方式呈显性，即连接词出现，体现为形合。这一差异导致了中英即连接词出现，体现为形合。这一差异导致了中英文文组句方式的不同组句方式的不同： 汉语汉语动词多，短句多，动词多，短句多，呈链呈链状状； 英语英语常按句内主次从属关系排列，在句子主常按句

29、内主次从属关系排列，在句子主体上体上 添加修饰语以及限定语，形成严谨的添加修饰语以及限定语，形成严谨的树状结树状结构构。 中英文的差异中英文的差异 这些资金这些资金用于改善用于改善教学设施、教学设施、购买购买书籍，书籍，使使1616万多万多所中小学所中小学受益受益。 All these funds All these funds areare us useded toto improve teaching improve teaching facilities facilities andand purchase books, purchase books, from which from w

30、hich more than 16 000 middle and primary schools more than 16 000 middle and primary schools have gained benefits.have gained benefits.注：注： 根据上下文，从句中应使用完成时根据上下文，从句中应使用完成时 中英文的差异中英文的差异 正确安排基本框架正确安排基本框架 电子商务的电子商务的世界使得消费者世界使得消费者无需离开舒适的家就能无需离开舒适的家就能够在数以千计的网店够在数以千计的网店购物购物，并且完成付款并且完成付款。 The world The worl

31、d of electronic commerce of electronic commerce enables enables consumers to shopconsumers to shop at thousands of online at thousands of online stores stores and pay and pay for their purchases without for their purchases without leaving the comfortable home.leaving the comfortable home.注：注： “完成付款完

32、成付款”就是就是“支付支付” 中英文的差异中英文的差异 正确安排基本框架正确安排基本框架 除夕那天，除夕那天，每家都会每家都会在门上在门上贴上贴上红纸写的红纸写的春联春联。 On the eve of the Spring Festival, On the eve of the Spring Festival, every every household will pastehousehold will paste on doors on doors a spring a spring coupletcouplet written on red paper. written on red pa

33、per.注：注： “会会”需要省略需要省略中英文的差异中英文的差异英语中只有名词结构或代词可以作主语英语中只有名词结构或代词可以作主语在一年开始的第一个月圆之夜在一年开始的第一个月圆之夜吃元宵吃元宵就是希望家就是希望家人团圆、幸福。人团圆、幸福。Eating “Tangyuan”Eating “Tangyuan”on the first night with on the first night with a full moon in a year is to wish family a full moon in a year is to wish family members to be united and happy. members to be united and happy. 注：注：“月圆月圆”不能译成不能译成round moonround moon中英文的差异中英文的差异英语中只有名词结构或代词可以作主语英语中只有名词结构或代词可以作主语吃汤圆吃汤圆是元宵节