语言学_Chapter2_Phonetics

1、Puzzling Question!Interesting Question!Serious question!All Questions Are WelcomeAmazing Question! PHONETICS PHONOLOGY语音SpeechSound语音系统Sound system语音学语音学语音的发生、传递、感知不涉及到意义基本单位：音素 phone（或者可以区别可以区别意义意义、或者不可区别意义）音位学音位学有区别意义的语音的组合规律涉及到意义基本单位：音位 phoneme 音段单位：音位 组合规律：如顺序原则等 超音段音位学To grasp the nature to und

2、erstand the definition. Why do we need to know Phonetics? 3 branchesThree Branches of Phonetics声带 3stop bilabial voiceless stop bilabial voicedfricative alveolar voicelessfricative voiced alveolar 2.2.4 Vowels: Articulation & ClassificationAre only consonants distinguished as voiced or voiceless

3、?Of course not!All languages have both voiceless and voiced sounds contrasting in their phonological systems. Try to pronounce English vowels, they are _. Pronounce b, g and p, k. Can you find any difference? OpennessOfMouthPositionOf TongueShapeOf Lip front close unrounded long back close rounded s

4、hort 4Length参考参考p20-21舌面元音舌位变化示意图高元音半高元音半低元音低元音后元音前元音央元音中元音English vowels What about auai2.2.5 The Transcription of Sounds A phonetic transcription is an economical means for capturing sounds on paper. The best-known system, the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), has been developing since 1888.

5、This system of transcription attempts to represent each sound of human speech with a single symbol. There are two kinds of transcription: Narrow and broad transcription Example More examples The transcription in which only the phonemes are represented.Phoneme: a sound which is capable of Distinguish

6、ing one word or one shape Of a word from another in a given language. The transcription that shows the allophonic difference is an allophonic transcription.Allophones: the different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not makeOne word different from anotherin meaning.语音SpeechSound语音系统Sound system语音学语音学语音的发生