广州2017中考完形填空和阅读理解技巧讲解及练习(共7页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上广州2017中考完形填空和阅读理解技巧讲解及练习（一）完形填空做题技巧1、细读首句，推测意图。推测作者大概要写什么样的故事，仔细阅读首句可以推断文章的体裁，预测全文大意及主题思想。(首句最重要！)2、通读全文，了解大意。依据首句给予的启示，调动大脑的逻辑思维能力，借助文中关键词语的语义信息，抓住全文大意。阅读过程中考虑文章是什么内容，抓住五个“wh”, 即when, where, who, what, why。（切忌做题时不通读全文，采取边阅读边填空甚至没有读懂全文就胡乱填的错误做法！）3、首尾兼顾，初定选项。通读全文后，应进行逐句推敲，从意义上和结构上确定答案的范围

2、，注意散布不同位置的词类。4、还原复读，查漏补缺。填完后，检查句子的词类及搭配，纠正错误，弥补疏漏。Big schoolbags have been a serious problem for students for a long time. Maybe your schoolbag is too 46 to carry, and it troubles you a lot 47 you want to find a book out to read, Now an e-textbook will 48 you.It is said that e-textbooks are going to

3、 be 49 in Chinese middle schools. An e-textbook, in fact, is a small 50 for students. It is much 51 than a usual schoolbag and easy to carry. Though it is as small as a book, it can 52 all the materials for study. The students can read the text page by page on the 53 , take notes with the pointer（屏写

4、笔）.Or even “54 ”their homework to their teachers by sending e-mails. All they have to do is to press a button.Some people say e-textbooks are good. but some say they may be 55 for the students eyes. What do you think of it?（ ）46.A.light B. heavy C. useful D. comfortable（ ）47.A.till B. after C. befor

5、e D. when（ ）48.A.trouble B. prevent C. help D. understand（ ）49.A.used B. kept C. invented D. lent（ ）50.A.TV B. radio C. pen D. computer（ ）51.A.heavier B. lighter C. cheaper D. brighter（ ）52.A.hold B. build C. discover D. practise （ ）53.A.blackboard B. desk C. screen D. card（ ）54.A.find out B. hand i

6、n C. get back D. give back（ ）55.A.helpful B. famousC. good D. bad（二）阅读理解做题技巧 考纲中指出，阅读理解主要考查学生对于不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解能力，以及通过材料的阅读，对材料中信息的捕获能力。此项能力的测试，对考生提出以下几方面要求：1.不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想，而且要求掌握文章中的详细事实与细节。2.不但要求对于具体事实情节的理解，而且要求对其抽象含义的理解，既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等。3.既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及

7、逻辑关系进行判断和推理。4.既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题；又要求考生能运用中学生应有的生活常识去分析、理解问题。【出题方向】根据以上考纲要求，按往年的中考，阅读理解题型设计大致可以分为以下几种题型：A.细节理解题； B.推理判断题；C.数据推算题； D. 主旨大意题/归纳总结题 E. 词义猜测题/指代题【阅读理解答题步骤】1、快速浏览问题划一下题目的关键词，从问题初步感知文章2、带着问题，阅读文章一遍3、回到问题本身，在文章中锁定答案区域。4、对照A, B, C, D选项，仔细斟酌答案。5、对于不能把握的题，一定要回到文章的中心主题，选择与中心主题最接近的一个选项！【不同题型

8、的解题技巧】（一）细节理解题  这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式很多，例如：(1) Which of the following statements is true / false ?    (2) Which of the following is（not）mentioned ?  (3)

9、How many  How much  Where  How  What?    (4) Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?  要快速辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法。查阅是读者在对材料有所了解的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻找答案

10、，往往与略读综合使用，具体方法与步骤如下：按文章的体裁、作者写作的组织模式及有关信息词，如for example，first，second预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。  但也要注意转折性的信息词，如：but, however等，其说话的落脚点在后面。（二）推理判断题 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。常见的设题方式有：1. Whats the authors attitude about? / The writers

11、60;attitude towards is_.2. From the text, it can be inferred that_.  3.  The writer will talk about_ after the last paragraph.  解此类题目可从以下几方面入手：（1）根据常识判断。即解题时，除弄清文意外，还需借助生活常识、风土人情、传说掌故、名人轶事等进行判断。  （2）根据知识判断。即解题时，运用一些一般性知识，如天文、

12、地理、文学、艺术、科技等自然科学和社会科学知识。  （3）根据情节判断。即解题时，从情节所提供的基本事实出发，寻找一定规律，如时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据。这种题目最容易出现，考生要从时间、地点、事件的情节安排与发展中，深入探讨其逻辑关系及隐喻、引申等因素。切记：推断出来的选项是根据文章的细节推断出来的，是原文没有表明白，但我们根据各个细节共同推断出来的，一定不能选择那些已经在文章中提到的表层细节，那些不是推断的结果！（三）数据推算题 此题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：要抓住并正确理解

13、与数据有关的信息含义。此类型题比较简单，确保读懂文章中的数据，准确运算出来即可。（四）主旨大意题 /归纳总结题 这种题型要求学生在理解全文的基础上，对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（main idea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中的内在信息。 常见的设题方式有：1. What is the main idea of this 

14、passage？/ The main idea of the article is_. 2. What does the passage mainly talk about？/ The passage suggests that_. /The general idea of the passage is about_. 3. What d

15、oes the writer want to tell us？4. Which  is the best title of this passage？5. The main purpose of this selection is_. 6. Which of the following best states 

16、;the theme of the passage?  寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句(往往为第一句)。英文叫“Topic Sentence”，它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意，抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的最佳标题。具体解题的一些技巧：  （1）首先看短文的开头和结尾，确定短文题材，预测其内容。每段的第一句话往往会提供重要信息，可以帮助我们搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。  （2）速读全文，整体理解短文大意，抓住关键词语，弄清文章的主旨。  （3）

17、根据已知短文内容，着手解题。可先将文后的选择题看一下，然后带着问题再去阅读。这样做，一方面有助于对文章进一步理解，另一方面可以有针对性地从文章中寻找答案。  （4）迅速复读全文，检查自己的理解是否正确，所选答案是否前后矛盾。通过全面考虑，最后确定答案。（五）猜测词义题    猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含

18、义。具体解题的一些技巧：  1.通过因果关系猜词 通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如： You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault

19、. （blame的意思是_） 【解析】通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词    (1)通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。如：Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，a

20、nd Jupiter with the help of spaceships.【解析】此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。(2)通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome

21、0;as his brother.【解析】根据not at all.handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。3.通过构词法猜词    在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。如： During his childhood, he had some argument with his dad.【解析】argument是由argue +后缀ment构成，

22、我们知道后缀只改变词性，不改变词义，故argument意为争吵。4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义   例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long long time. Then there is a dry period or drought.   【解析】从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见d

23、rought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。5.通过句法功能来推测词义   例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in&

24、#160;warm areas.【解析】假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。6.通过描述猜词   描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird

25、 living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish. 【解析】从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生

26、活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。7.代入法 如果不能通过以上方法判断词义，就选择用代入法，把A, B, C, D选项代入句子中翻译。 （六）指代题  在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些代词的猜测，如：it, they, them, her/ hers; his, their等，对于此类型的题目，解题技巧只有一个：回归到代词出现的句子，将其前一句和后一句联系起来理解，一般不难找出指代物。这种题型常见的设题方式如下：  The word “it / them” in the first para

27、graph refers to_.  【限时训练】三、完形填空My father died when I was a baby, and my mother had to go out to work. I was the only 1 so I had no brothers and sisters to play with at home. I used to play in the street with other children, or ride my bike down to the park, but I remember I 2 a l

28、ot of time just sitting at home reading. We had a television, I think, but dont remember 3 it very much. My grandparents lived with us and we used to do a lot of things togetherI remember we played card a lot. At the weekends, my mother always 4 we often went down to the sea and swam, and I 5 to swi

29、m when I was quite young. We didnt have a car, so we went everywhere by bus. Occasionally (偶尔), one of my uncles used to come and take us out in his car, which was a great 6 . For holidays we always went to the seaside, but never far awaymaybe a short train journey. My mother wasnt very 7 , and I do

30、nt remember her ever 8 me. In fact, I used to get my own way too much. I was given small pocket money because we werent very 9 , and I probably spent most of it on sweets, as far as I rememberI dont think anyone thought they were 10 for you then.( )1. A. childB. fatherC. friendD. mother( )2. A. used

31、B. keptC. tookD. spent( )3. A. repairingB. listening toC. watchingD. looking at( )4. A. let me inB. took me outC. told me storiesD. went shopping( )5. A. hatedB. learnedC. stoppedD. forgot( )6. A. gameB. chanceC. painD. pleasure( )7. A. strictB. kindC. interestedD. worried( )8. A. playing withB. sta

32、ying withC. beatingD. loving( )9. A. busyB. happyC. richD. well( )10. A. goodB. badC. importantD. delicious四阅读理解。A More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe thats why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on r

33、oads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost! Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighborhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit

34、(受益)from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You dont even have to ride all the way. Folding (折叠) bikes work well for people who ride the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also

35、 take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travelers. Health Benefits of Bicycling:l It helps to prevent heart diseases. Bicycling helps to control your weight. A 15-minute bike ride to and f

36、rom work three times a week burns off five kilos of fat in a year. Bicycling can improve your mood (心情). Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. Bicycling is healthier than driving.( )1. From the passage, we know that bicycling is becoming

37、very .A. surprisingB. excitingC. expensiveD. popular( )2 When you are riding your bicycle around your neighbourhood, you may .A. pollute the environment aroundB. find something you didnt noticeC. go everywhere and use a little oilD. get off your bike and begin to work( )3. If you travel with a foldi

38、ng bike, you can fold it and . A. get out of the carB. take it onto a trainC. put it in your purseD. go on airline websites( )4. One of the benefits from bicycling is that .A. you can fold the bicycleB. you will be friendly to othersC. you will be more relaxedD. you may get fatter and fatter( )5. Wh

39、ich is TRUE according to the passage?A. Bicycling is enjoyable exercise for people.B. Driving cars is healthier than riding bikes. C. Riding a bike pollutes your neighbourhood. D. Common bikes are welcomed by all airlines.BIts not easy to be an astronauts sonEverybody expects you to be special or pe

40、rfect. I often wonder how my father ever had a son like me. I mean hes so special and so good at everything he does. Even in middle school he was class president and captain of the football team Well, to be honest, I often dream about being some kind of hero or doing something speciallike saving a c

41、hild from a burning building or discovering a new star.I was daydreaming at school one morning when my teacher said there would be a Fathers Day writing competition for the whole school.“I hope we have a winner right here in my class.” When I got home，I started to think about what to write. My fathe

42、r is an astronaut. No, I wouldnt start like that. That was the way others saw him. How did I see my father? Hmm, I saw him sitting with me in the dark when I had a terrible dreamI remembered how he hugged me for hours when my dog Spotty was killed by a car. Yes，these were the things I was going to w

43、rite. To me, he wasnt just a worldfamous astronaut. He was my dad My parents and I went to school Thursday night.There were so many people in the big hall! My dad looked at me, and I shrugged(耸肩) The third prize was announced and it was not me. I was relieved(释然)and disappointed at the same time. Th

44、e second prize was announced. It was me I went up to the stage and read what I had written，“My fathers son”When I finished，the people stood up and cheeredI saw my father blowing his nose. Tears were running down my mother's face. Dad cleared his throat and put his hand on my shoulder“Son, this i

45、s the proudest moment of my life. It was the proudest moment of my life, tooMaybe Ill never be a great hero or win a Nobel Prize, but it was enough just to be my fathers son( )6The writer felt it to be the son of a famous person A1ucky Bnatural Chard Dpleasant( )7In order to_ the writer would like t

46、o save a child from a burning building Abecome astronaut Bbecome a great hero Cbe made school team captain Dbe made class president( )8What did the boy probably write in his composition? AA lot of special things he had done BThe story of his father as an astronaut CThe unforgettable time he spent wi

47、th his father DThe experiences his father had in middle school( )9The writer felt proud when he Agot a prize in a writing competition Bwon a Nobel Prize Csaved a child from a burning building Ddiscovered a new star( )10What is the best title for the passage? AMy daydream BMy fathers sonCMy famous fa

48、ther DMy happy familyC A reader wrote in to say that she was feeling lonely at break because her best friend wasnt around. Heres our advice to herand to all kids who feel lonely sometimesIts hard when a best friend isnt aroundmaybe because she moved to a different school or a different classYou may

49、feel lonely at break or lunchtimeYou want to have new friendsbut how do you make them? Maybe it seems like everybody else already has their friends. But remember, theres always room for more friendsStart by looking around your classroomthink about which kids youd like to play with at break. Look for

50、 chances to say hi to them, smile, and be friendly. Offer to share something or express your appreciation(欣赏)to them. Invite someone to play with you or say “Do you want to sit here?” in the lunchroom. When youre at break，walk over to kids you want to play with, act friendly, and say “Hi，can l play,

51、 too?” or just join in If you have trouble doing this or if youre feeling shy, ask your teacher to help you make new friends. Teachers are usually pretty good at matching up friends. The best way to make friends is to be a friend. Be kind, be friendly, share, say nice things, offer to helpand pretty

52、 soon, youll have one, or two, or even more new friends. You might still miss that special best friend. But when you see each other, you can share something you didnt have before she left. You can introduce her to your new friends!( )11This text is written for Ateachers Bparents Cstudents Dvisitors(

53、 )12According to the writer, some kids feel lonely at break because they Ahave trouble with their studies Bdont have their best friends around Cneed their parents to be with them Dare too young to look after themselves( )13The underlined word this in Paragraph 4 refers to(指的是) Asharing your ideas Bt

54、alking before many people Cstudying better at school Ddeveloping new friendship( )14Some kids need help from teachers to make friends because · Athey miss their old friends a lot Bthey have no time to stay with others Cteachers know who wants a new friend Dthey are shy or not good at making fri

55、ends( )15The expression “feeling left out' means“ ”in ChineseA受冷落 B被调侃 C挨批评 D遭攻击D Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone do not bring lasting happiness. Aristotle, a Greek thinker, said, “Happiness depends upon ourselves.” In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few suggestions to help you be happier. The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simpl