虚拟语气专项练习

1、虚拟语气专项练习虚拟语气概述虚拟语气（ The Subjunctive Mood ）表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。虚拟语气要用特定的动词形式。1 虚拟语气在条件从句的用法1表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的形式条件从句动词过去式（ be 用 were）would(should, could, might)+主句动词原形We would go with you if we had time.We could ask him if he were here.If I knew his telephone number, I would ring h

2、im up.2表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的形式条件从句主句had+过去分词would(should, could, might)+have+ 动词的过去分词If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.If you had come earlier, you might have met him.I should have called you if I had known your telephone number.3表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词的形式条件从句主句动词过去式或 should+动词原形would(

3、should, could, might)+动词原形或 were to+ 动词原形If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.2虚拟语气的一些其它用法1.虚拟语气用于as if/though, even if /though从句中：与现在情况相反，用一般过去时与过去情况相反，用过去完成时与将来情况相反，用过去将来时He looks as if he were an artist.She speaks English so fluently as if

4、 she had studied English in American.She looks as if she would cry.但是，as if/though, even if /though从句中， 如果表达的内容是真实情况，就用陈述语气。如：The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.2. 虚拟语气用于 if only 感叹句中：表现在未实现的愿望，用过去时表过去未实现的愿望，用过去完成时表将来未实现的愿望，用过去将来时If only I were a flying bird! If only I had

5、arrived in time!If only the teacher would give us an easy exam paper, but I know this is impossible, as all our previous exams have been difficult .3. 虚拟语气用于 would rather 后的宾语从句中：表示现在或将来的时间概念时，用过去时表示过去的时间概念时，用过去完成时I d rather you posted the letter right away.I would rather he didn t stay there too lo

6、ng.I would rather I had dropped in on Professor Liu yesterday.4虚拟语气用于wish 后的宾语从句中：表示与现在事实情况相反，用过去时表示与过去事实情况相反，用过去完成时表示与将来事实情况相反，用过去将来时I wish I knew the answer to the question.I wish I had met that film star yesterday.I wish I would fly in space some day just like Yang Liwei.5虚拟语气还用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等

7、的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略 )+动词原形 that 从句。A 、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that 宾语从句中，这类动词有：advise 建议suggest建议command 命令demand 要求propose 提议object 反对order 命令require需要request 要求recommend推荐urge 强调，促进She advised that I (should) give up smoking.B、用于 It is+ 形容词 /过去分词 / 名词 +主语从句中，这类形容词/过去分词 /名词

8、有：1)advisable 合理的crucial 关键的appropriate 恰当的essential 紧要的，基本的anxious 焦急的important重要的desirable 合意的insistent坚持的keen 渴望的incredible难以置信的natural 自然的urgent 紧迫的 vital 极其重要的probable（可能的） possible 可能的strange 奇怪的2)proposed 提议requested 要求的required 要求的recommended 推荐insisted 坚持necessary 必要的suggested 建议desired 想要c

9、ommanded 命令的 ordered 命令shocked 震惊的3)pity 可惜，憾事shame 遗憾It is essential that he should be prepared for this.It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.C用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有：advice 忠告proposal提 议demand 要求desire 要求、愿望orderrecommendation推 荐request命令要 求idea建议prefe

10、rence 偏爱requirement要 求suggestion 劝告、忠告The advice that we(should) solve the problem at once is reasonable.His suggestion is that they (should) move to a higher place.6 定语从句中虚拟语气的运用：It is (about/ high) time that -should/did-It is (about) time that you made up your mind.7含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示

11、存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if 引导的条件句。表示含蓄虚拟条件的方法有：（ 1）介词或介词短语，如but for, without 等=If there hadn t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happylifetoday.(2) 连词，如： or(otherwise), else, or else ,in case, lest, for fear that( 唯恐 ), but that 等He was taken to hospital at once, otherwis

12、e he would have died.They got two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they d never have been able to afford to go.注： lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用 should+动词原形， should 可省略，但也可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气。The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。Care must be tak

13、en in using this method lest overflow should occur. 在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。8某些特殊的祝福用语。如：Long live China!中国万岁！（虽然China为第三人称单数，live用原形）God bless you! 上帝保佑你！虚拟语气练习1.If I had had enough time, I_ my work.A. would finishB. must have finishedC. would have finishedD. had finished2.Ten minutes earlier, they _

14、 the plane.A. will catchB would catchC. would have caughtD. will have caught3.If he had studied hard, he_ a college student now.A. would beB. could beC. had beenD. were4.If there were no water in the world, everything _.A. will dieB. would dieC. would have diedD. would have been dead5._ what was goi

15、ng to happen, I would never have left her alone.A. If I had knownB. If I knowC. If I knewD. If had I known6._, I would have taken a taxi.A. In your roomB. In your shoesC. In your houseD. If I had been7 .I _, but I was stopped by the heavy rain.A. mean to comeB. meant to comeC. had meant to come D. m

16、eant coming8.If you had spoken clearly, you would_.A. understand itB. have understoodC .be understoodD. have been understood9 .If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldn tbe so sleepy.A. haven t watched B. hadntwatched C. didn t watchD. wouldn thave watchedB10. - If he _, he_ that food.- Luckil

17、y he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not takeB. would be warned; had not takenC. had been warned; would not have takenD. would have been warned; had not taken11. _ to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the match.A. It wereB. If were itC. Were itD. Should it12.You _ be a fool t

18、o refuse to follow his advice.A. shouldB. mustC. wouldD. could13._ for the rain, we would have gone to see the exhibition.A. If it had beenB. Had it beenC. It had not beenD. Had it not been14.I _ the meeting, but I have been too busy.A. will not attendB. would have attended C. would attendD. had att

19、ended15.Should I happen to see him at school, I _ tell him to come back at once.A. canB. couldC. willD. would16._ the Communist Party, New China couldn thave been founded in 1949.A. WithoutB. WithC. ButD. For17.She _ to town yesterday, otherwise I should have met her at her home.A. had goneB. would

20、goC. wentD. should go18.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. do; be setD. had done; must be set19.My suggestion was that the meeting _off still next week.A. be putB. to putC. should putD. be putting20.The order came that the medical suppli

21、es _to the village soon.A. would be sentB. should sendC. be sentD. must be sent21.It is necessary that the problem _ at once.A. solvesB. should solveC. should be solvedD. will be solve22.Let sfinish ou r homework in a few seconds; it s time we_.A. played footballB. will play footballC. play football

22、D. are playing football23._ it had snowed, we would have had a very pleasant journey.A. IfB. But forC. WithoutD. But that24.I didn tsee your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come25.-What is his suggestion?-The road _ at once.A. can be

23、 repairedB. should be repairedC. must be repairedD. may be repaired26.Where is my dictionary? I _ it.A. might loseB. must have lostC. should have lostD. would have lost27.-I slept outside all the night because I lost the key to my bedroom.-Oh, did you? You _ with John in the factory.A. could have st

24、ayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayed28.I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _ it out for her.A. had to writeB. must have writtenC. should have writtenD. ought to write29.There was a lot of fun at yesterday s party. You _ come, but why didn tyou?A. must haveB. shouldC. need haveD

25、. ought to have30.Sorry, I m late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will31.I would not have succeeded _ your help.A. but forB. exceptC. but thatD. with32.If only I _ able to speak to her before she died.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. must have be

26、en33.Im surprised that he _ refuse to see me.A. shouldB. shallC. mayD. must34.My mother would rather we _ each other any more.A. won tseeB. didn tseeC. shantseeD. mustnt35.How I wished I _ the answer at that time.A. knewB. had knownC. would knowD. would have known36.It is really surprising that the

27、girl _ marry so early.A. mayB. canC. shouldD. must37.He talked about Beijing as if he _ Beijing.A. went toB. has gone toC. had been toD. has been to38. -I m sorry, sir.-You _ come here five minutes earlier. Don tbe late next time.A. should haveB. could haveC. would haveD. might have39.Liu Hulan woul

28、d rather _ than _.A. died, surrenderedB. died, surrenderC. die, surrenderedD. die, surrender40.Nothing could have saved him even if he _ without delay.A. had been tendedB. must have been tended C. would be tended D. was tended41.We started early in case we _ the train.A. may missB. should missC. mig

29、ht missD. shall miss42.I couldn tbelieve that he _ see his own mistakes.A. should notB. could notC. might notD. would not43._ you tell me how to go to Xueyao Middle School?A. ShouldB. CouldC. MightD. Must44.It _ have rained last night because the ground is not wet.A. mustn tB. couldn tC. needntD. ou

30、ghtn t45.If you _ the doctor s advice, you would be well now.A. had followedB. followedC. were to followD. would follow46.If I _ at five in the morning, the work would have suited me much better.A. should have risenB. might have risenC. would have risenD. could rise47.Jiangsu TV station begins its p

31、rograms with the words Jiangsu _ you every morning.A. blessB. blessesC. will blessD. would bless48.If you were right, we _ act at once.A. mustB. had toC. would have toD. would have had to49.She hid herself behind a big tall tree lest anyone _ her.A. seesB. seeC. would seeD. had seen50.Li Ping _ have

32、 called me yesterday because I knew it.A. couldn tB. needntC. mustntD. oughtn t答案：1 10CCABABCDBC 11 20CCDBDACBAC 21 30CADDBBACDA 31 40ACABACCADA 41 50BABBABBCBB 解析：1. 表示对过去情况的虚拟，条件从句加主句的结构。2. Ten minutes earlier 相当于一个状语从句，表示对过去情况的虚拟。3. 混合条件状语从句，条件句表过去，主句表现在。4. 表示对一般情况的虚拟，情态动词用过去式。5. 虚拟条件从句中含有从句，虚拟条件

33、从句用表示过去的动词形式。6. In your shoes 相当于一个条件状语从句，意义等于If I had been you 。7. had meant to do sth 表示本想做什么，事实没有做。8. 表示对过去情况的虚拟，主句用被动语态。9. 混合条件状语从句，条件句表过去，并且用否定形式。10. 表示对过去情况的虚拟，条件句用肯定形式，主句用否定形式。11. 虚拟条件从句中含有were 时，可不使用if, 把 were 移至主语前。12. 不定式表示一个隐藏的条件状语从句，主句要用虚拟语气。13. 虚拟条件从句中含有 had 时，可不使用 if, 把 had 移至主语前；该条件句应

34、该使用否定形式。14. 虚拟条件从句可以通过连词but 来表示， but 前用虚拟语气，后用陈述语气。15.虚拟条件主从复合句，表将来的情况，主句中动词用would 加动词原形的结构。16.省略的虚拟条件从句可以用介词短语来表示。Withoutthe Communist Party 相当于 If ithad not been for the Communist Party.17. 虚拟条件从句可以通过连词 otherwise/or 来表示， otherwise/or 前用陈述语气，后用虚拟语气。18. insist 在此有两个意思，前一个意思为“认为”，后一个意思为“要求”。因此，前半部分用陈

35、述语气，后半部分用虚拟语气。19. 表示建议，表语从句中的动词用“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”。20. order 表示要求，同位语从句中的动词用“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”。21.虚拟语气用来表示要求、建议、提议的主语从句中，动词形式为“should+动词原形”。22.在“ Its time (that) ”结构中动词的形式有两种：did 或 should do 。23. But that 为词义和语法形式唯一正确的形式。but that 相当于 but for 或 without ，但只用在虚拟语气结构中，且后接句子。24.前半句确定了后半句表示对过去情况的虚拟，if 条件句中用“ had+过去分词”，主句中用“ would have done ”的结构。25.这是两个人完成的一句话， 相当于 His suggestion is that the road should be repaired at o