01.心理健康讲义

1、rapid deve lopme ntofthe market economyenvironmentto expl orepubli cservants'duty consumption monetizati onreform hasprovideda goodfoundation.Thesocialization of rear servicework has been launche d,and rapi d progre ssin some pl acesand departme nts,dutyconsumption monetizationofcarriera nda ppr

2、oach tomanagementhas been resolve d.Thir d,in re centyears, exploring the monetizati on ofdutyconsumption ha smadesomeprogress, havegained some experience andca nprovi dereferencetothe compre hensivereform ofthesystem of public serva nts' duty consumpt ion further. Impl ementing a n "honest

3、 canteen",sta ndar dize officiale ntertaining management;enhancing t hetelecommuni cationexpe nse manag ement;elimi nation of Countytravelandcountrysidesubsi dies; research"villageofficials"capitalization managementofcorporatespendi ng,a ndsoon.Finally,gr oup.18 sessiontobe heldin Bei

4、jingfrom Nov ember9,2013to12th.35yearsago blewthe t hird pl enary se ssi on ofthe reform andope ning up inthe spring breeze,changed,affect theworld;toda y,35year s later,in t heeyes ofthe nation andthe world expect, agai nto reform markChina, ushered inthe 18 sessi on.XI GeneralSe cretary pointed ou

5、tthat Chi na'sreform has entered acrucial periodand t heSham ShuiPoDistri ct, must be base d ongreater politicalcourage and wi sdom,lose no time i ndee pening reform in importantfields.Dares to crack a hard nut, daresto questi on theRapids, whichdarest o break thebarrier ofideas,a nd dareto bene

6、fitcurebarriers.Dee pening reform andopeningup isonschedule to achi eveinstit utionalsafeguardsofthe moderatelywell-off.Underthe"fiveinone" theGeneral layoutofsocialistmodernizationrequir ements, 18session ofthedecision wasa "five in one"and theimproveme nt ofoverallscheme ofrefo

7、rm,will promote an integrated andcoordi nated economic,politi cal,cultural ,socialand ecological civilizationconstr uction ofthe fivereforms andtheparty'sconstruction inthe are aofinstitutionalreform.The"fi vein one" programme isto achievea comprehensive reform ofinstitutionalguarantee

8、sforobje ctives ofbuilda w ell-offsociet y,thesm ooth progress oftheconstruction ofawell-offsociety andreform theobjectivesofthe programme.One,holdi ngtimeand place importanceon November9,2013tothe 18session of the12thBeijing since 1978,35, havebeen 7plenary session,ea chtimeonmajorissuesofpoliti ca

9、landeconomiclifeofthe countryhas made importa ntde ployment. In accor dance with PRC political practi ce,oftenateveryse ssoin oftheCPCCe ntral Committeein aplenary sessi onwa shel d immediatelyafterthe party'sCongress, on thetheme "personnel",discussing electi on Central's t op lea

10、ders,such as the electi on oftheStandi ngCommitteeofthepoliti calBureau,through theCentralCommittee members,deci sions,such as members oftheCe ntral MilitaryCommissi on.The second pl enary se ssi on,i s hel d intwosessi ons before thegeneralelection, mainlyto discussa new Statepersonnelissues.But by

11、 thethird一前言一生中健康最重要：身体健康，心理健康“健康不仅仅是没有疾病和残缺， 而是应在生理上，心理上和社会适应能力上都处于良好的状态”世界卫生组织 1984 年对健康的定义从三个层面理解健康：1 .身体上没有残缺，生理上没有病2 .心理上是健康的3 .对社会的适应能力也是一种完好的状态“亚健康”状态：心理不够健康的意思，是健康人和不健康人之间的过渡。二心理健康的概念1 .什么是心理？心理是指感觉、知觉、注意、记忆、思维、情感、态度、动机、意志、能力、气质、人格等心理现象（活动）的总称。是由心理过程、心理状态和个性特征三者所构成。2 .什么是心理健康？个体在心理和社会功能方面处于完

12、好的状态，就是心理健康。但一般是指个体在本身及环境条件许可范围内，心理所能达到的最佳状态，而不是指绝对十全十美。3 .心理健康的标准心理健康不健康并没有一个公认的，一致的标准，我国学者根据我国国情、民情提出以下八个标准：1） .了解自我，悦纳自我“人贵有自知之明”即人要有正确的自我意识，能够体验到自己的存在价值，rapid deve lopme ntofthe market economyenvironmentto expl orepubli cservants' duty consumpti on monetizati onreform has provideda goodfound

13、ation.Thesocialization of rear servicework has been la unche d,and rapi d progre ssin some pl acesand departme nts,dutyconsumption monetizationofcarriera nda ppr oach tomanageme nthas been resolve d.Thir d,in re centyears, explori ng the monetizati on ofdutyconsumption ha smadesomeprogress, havegain

14、ed some experi ence andca nprovi dereferencetothe compre hensivereform ofthesystem of public serva nts' duty consumpt ion further. Impl ementing a n "honest ca nteen",sta ndar dize officiale ntertaini ng manageme nt; enhancing t hetelecommuni cationexpe nse manag ement;elimi nation of

15、Countytravelandcountrysi desubsi dies; research"villageofficials"capitalizati on ma nagementofcorporatespendi ng,a ndsoon.Finally,gr oup.18 sessionto be heldin Beijingfrom Nov ember9,2013to12th.35yearsago blewthe t hird pl enary se ssi on ofthe reform and ope ning up inthe spring breeze, c

16、ha nged,affect thew orld;toda y,35year s later,in t heeyes ofthe nati on andthe w orld ex pect, agai nto reform markChi na, ushered inthe 18 sessi on.XI GeneralSe cretary pointed outthat Chi na'sreform has entered a crucial period and t heSham ShuiPoDistri ct, must be base d ongreater politi cal

17、courage a nd wi sdom,lose no time i ndee pening reform in importantfields.Dares to crack a hard nut, daresto questi on theRapids, whichdarest o break thebarrier ofideas,a nd dareto benefitcurebarrier s.Dee pe ning reform andopeningup isonschedule to a chi eveinstit utionalsafeguardsofthe moderatelyw

18、ell-off.Undert he"fiveinone" theGeneral layoutofsocialistmodernizationrequir ements, 18session ofthedecisionwasa "fiveinone" andtheimproveme nt ofoverallscheme ofreform,will promote an integrate d andcoordi nated e conomic,politi cal, cultural ,socialand ecol ogical civilizationc

19、onstr ucti onofthe fivereforms andtheparty's construction i nthe are aofinstitutionalreform.The"fi vein one" programme isto achievea comprehensive reform ofinstitutionalguaranteesforobje ctives ofbuilda w ell-offsociet y,thesm ooth progress oftheconstruction ofawell-offsociety andrefor

20、m theobjectivesofthe programme.One,holdi ngtimeand pla ce importanceon November9,2013tothe 18session of the12th Beijing since 1978,35, have been 7ple nary session,ea chtimeonmajorissuesofpoliti calandeconomiclifeofthe countryhas made importa ntde ployment. In accor dance wit h PRC political practi c

21、e,oftenateveryse ssi on oft heCPCCe ntral Committeein aplenary sessi onwa sheld immediatelyafterthe party'sCongress, on thetheme "personnel",discussing electi on Central's t op leaders,such as the electi on oftheStandi ngCommitteeofthepoliti calBureau,through theCentral Committee m

22、embers, deci sions,such as members oftheCe ntralMilitaryCommission.The second pl enary se ssi on,i s hel d intwo sessi ons before thegeneralel ection, mainlyt o discussa ne w Statepersonnelissues.But by thethir既能正确的了解自我，评价自我，又能够接受自我。对自己的能力、性格和优缺点都能做出恰当的、客观的评价，在努力发掘自我的同时，对自己无法补救的缺陷，也能坦然处之，自己给自己定的生活目标

23、和理想目标切合实际，从不产生非份的期望，也从不苛刻地要求自己。因为不会同自己过不去，不会因为理想和现实的差距过大而产生自责、自怨和自卑等不健康的心态，也不会产生心理危机。2） .接受他人善于人处人际交往活动能反映人的心理健康状态。人与人之间正常、友好的交往不仅是维持心理健康的一个必不可少的条件，也是获得心理健康的重要途径。心理健康的人乐于与人交往。既能和朋友同聚之时是愉快的，也能在独处沉思之时而无孤独感。在与别人相处时， 往往积极的态度（同情、 关心、 友善、 尊敬、 信赖） 多于消极态度（嫉妒、猜疑、畏惧、敌视等，这种消极态度实际是在伤害自己）。3） .正视现实接受现实不但能够面对现实，接受

24、现实，而且能够适应现实和改造现实，而不是逃避现实。能客观地看待周围的事物和环境，并能与现实环境保持良好的接触，既有高于现实的理想，又不会沉溺于不切实际的幻想和奢望中；同时，对自己的力量充满信心，面对生活、学习和工作中的各种困难和挑战都能妥善处理。4） .热爱生活乐于工作珍惜和热爱生活，在生活中享受人生的乐趣，在学习和工作中尽可能发挥自己的个性和聪明才智，并从工作的成果中获得激励和满足，把工作作为一种快乐，而不是一种负担。rapid deve lopme ntofthe market economyenvironmentto expl orepubli cservants' duty c

25、onsumpti on monetizati onreform has provideda goodfoundation.Thesocialization of rear servicework has been la unche d,and rapi d progre ssin some pl acesand departme nts,dutyconsum ption monetiza tionofcarriera nda ppr oach tomanageme nthas been resolve d.Thir d,in re centyears, explori ng the monet

26、izati on ofdutyconsumptionhasmadesomeprogress, havegained some experi ence andca nprovi dereferencetothe compre hensivereform ofthesystem of public serva nts' duty consumpt ion further. Impl ementing a n "honest ca nteen",sta ndar dize officiale ntertaini ng manageme nt;enhancing t het

27、elecommuni cationexpe nse manag ement;elimi nation of Countytravelandcountrysi desubsi dies; research" village official s"capitalizati on ma nagementofcorporatespendi ng,a ndsoon.Finally,gr oup.18 sessionto be heldin Beijingfrom Nov ember9,2013to12th.35yearsago blewthe t hird pl enary se s

28、si on ofthe reform and opening up inthe spring breeze, changed,affect thew orld;toda y,35year s later,in t heeyes ofthe nati on andthe w orld ex pect, agai nto reform markChi na, ushered inthe 18 sessi on.XI GeneralSe cretary pointed outthat Chnia'sreform has entered a crucial period and t heSha

29、m Shui PoDistri ct, must be base d ongreater politi calcourage a nd wi sdom,lose no time i ndee pening reform in importantfields.Dares to crack a hard nut, daresto questi on theRapids, whichdarest o break thebarrier ofideas,a nd dareto benefitcurebarrier s.Dee pe ning reform andopeningup isonschedul

30、e to a chi eveinstit utionalsafeguardsofthe moderatelywell-off.Undert he"fiveinone" theGeneral layoutofsocialistmodernizationrequir ements, 18session ofthedecisionwasa "fiveinone" andtheimproveme nt ofoverallscheme ofreform,will promote an integrate d andcoordi nated e conomic,po

31、liti cal, cultural ,socialand ecological civilizationconstr uction ofthe fivereforms andtheparty's construction i nthe are aofinstitutionalreform.The"fi vein one" programme isto achievea comprehensive reform ofinstitutionalguaranteesforobje ctives ofbuilda w ell-offsociet y,thesm ooth

32、progress oftheconstruction ofawell-offsociety andreform theobjectivesofthe programme.One,holdi ngtimeand pla ce importanceon November9,2013tothe 18session of the12th Beijing since 1978,35, have been 7ple nary session,ea chtimeonmajorissuesofpoliti calandeconomiclifeofthe countryhas made importa ntde

33、 ployment. In accordance wit h PRC political practi ce,oftenateveryse ssoin oft heCPCCe ntral Committeein aplenary sessi onwa sheld immediatelyafterthe party'sCongress, on thetheme "personnel",discussing electi on Central's t op leaders,such as the electi on of theStandi ngCommitte

34、eofthepoliti calBureau,through theCentralCommittee members, deci sions,such as members oftheCe ntralMilitaryCommission.The second pl enary se ssi on,i s hel d intwo sessi ons before thegeneralel ection, mainlyt o discussa ne w Statepersonnelissues.But by thethir d5) .能适当的表现情绪人活在社会环境中，难免会遇到各种事情，情愿的、不

35、情愿的；人有七情六欲，难免会有各种情绪，快乐或不快乐等，这些都是正常的。但积极的情绪体验(愉快、乐观、开朗)应占优势，消极的情绪(悲伤、忧愁、焦虑、愤怒等)不应持久。一个健康的人应该情绪稳定，心情开朗乐观，能够适度表达和调控自己的情绪。6) .人格完整和谐人格： 最初的含义是面具，即表现出来的示人的脸谱。从某个角度说，就是人的个性，是一个人所具有的稳定的心理特质的独特综合。在人格结构中的气质、能力、性格等方面和理想、信念、动机、兴趣、人生观等方面所能够平衡发展。能够完整、协调、和谐地表现出来；思考问题的方式是适中和合理的；待人接物能采取恰当灵活的态度；对外界刺激不会有偏颇的情绪和行为反应；能够

36、与社会合拍；能够与社会的步调合拍，也能和集体融为一体。7) .心理行为符合年龄和性别特征人的心理和行为是随着年龄的增长而不断发展、变化的， 不同年龄有着不同的心理行为特征，每一个人都应具有与年龄相符的心理行为特征，如果偏离自己的年龄相符合的心理行为特征就是不健康的。男女之间心理行为也有性别不同的特征。如果女人过分的男性化，或者男人过分的女性化，就会造成社会性别角色的反差和冲突，这种人就难于适应社会和群体，造成心理失衡和痛苦。8) .智力发展正常智力是人的认识能力与活动能力所达到的水平，是人的生活、学习、工作最rapid deve lopme ntofthe market economyenvi

37、ronmentto expl orepubli cservants' duty consumpti on monetizati onreform hasprovideda goodfoundation.Thesocialization of rear servicework has been la unche d,and rapi d progre ssin some pl acesanddepartme nts,dutyconsumption monetizationofcarriera nda ppr oach tomanageme nthas been resolve d.Thi

38、r d,in re centyears, explori ng the monetizati on ofdutyconsumption ha smadesomeprogress, havegained some experi ence andcanprovi dereferencetothe compre hensivereform ofthesystem of public serva nts' duty consumpt ion further. Implementing a n "honest ca nteen",sta ndar dize officiale

39、 ntertaini ng manageme nt; enhancing thetelecommuni cationexpe nse manag ement;elimi nation of Countytravelandcountrysidesubsi dies; research"villageofficials"capitalizati on ma nagementofcorporatespendi ng,a ndsoon.Finally,gr oup.18 sessionto be heldin Beijingfrom Nov ember9,2013to12th.35

40、yearsago blewthe t hird pl enary se ssi on ofthe reform andope ning up inthe springbreeze, cha nged,affect thew orld;toda y,35year s later,in t heeyes ofthe nati on andthe w orld expect, agai nto reform markChi na, usheredinthe 18 sessi on.XI GeneralSe cretary pointed outthat Chi na'sreform has

41、entered a crucial period and t heSham ShuiPoDistri ct, must be base d ongreater politi calcourage a nd wi sdom,lose no time indee pening reform in importantfields.Dares to crack a hard nut, daresto questi on theRapids,whichdaresto break thebarrier ofideas,a nd dareto benefitcurebarrier s.Dee pe ning

42、 reform andopeningup isonschedule to a chi eveinstit utionalsafeguardsofthe moderatelywell-off.Underthe"fiveinone" theGeneral layoutofsocialistmodernizationrequir ements, 18session ofthedecisionwasa "fiveinone" andtheimproveme nt ofoverallscheme ofreform,will promote an integrate

43、d andcoordi nated e conomic,politi cal, cultural ,socialand ecological civilizationconstr ucti onofthe fivereforms andtheparty's construction i nthe areaofinstitutionalreform.The"fi vein one" programme isto achievea comprehensive reform ofinstitutionalguaranteesforobjectives ofbuilda w

44、 ell-offsociet y,thesm ooth progress oftheconstruction ofawell-offsociety andreform theobjectivesofthe programme.One,holdi ngtimeand place importanceon November9,2013tothe 18session of the12th Beijing since 1978,35, have been 7plenary session,ea chtimeonmajorissuesofpoliti calandeconomiclifeofthe co

45、untryhas made importa ntde ployment.In accor dance with PRC political practi ce,oftenateverysessi on oft heCPCCe ntral Committeein aplenarysessi onwa sheld immediatelyafterthe party'sCongress, on thetheme "personnel",discussing electi on Central's top leaders,such as theelecti on o

46、ftheStandi ngCommitteeofthepoliti calBureau,through theCentral Committee members,deci sions,such asmembers oftheCentralMilitaryCommission.The second pl enary sessi on,i s hel d intwo sessi ons before thegeneralelection, mainlyto discussa ne w Statepersonnelissues.But by thethir基本的条件也是鱼自然环境、社会环境保持动态平

47、衡的心里保证，因此，智力是心理健康的重要标准之一。智商低于70者为智力低下。三心理不健康的表现世界上不存在绝对的心理健康。1.神经症神经症有很多种，常见的如焦虑症、抑郁症、恐怖症、疑病症及强迫症。焦虑症，又称焦虑性神经症，是以广泛性焦虑症（慢性焦虑症）和发作性惊恐状态 （急性焦虑症）为主要临床表现，常伴有头晕、胸闷、 心悸、 呼吸困难、口干、尿频、尿急、出汗、震颤和运动性不安等症，其焦虑并非由实际威胁所引起，或其紧张惊恐程度与现实情况很不相称。抑郁症，以情感低落、思维迟缓、以及言语动作减少、迟缓为典型症状。抑郁症严重困扰患者的生活和工作，给家庭和社会带来沉重的负担，约15%的抑郁症患者死于自杀

48、。世界卫生组织、世界银行和哈佛大学的一项联合研究表明，抑郁症已经成为中国疾病负担的第二大病病。引起抑郁症的因素包括：遗传因素、体质因素、中枢神经介质的功能及代谢异常、精神因素等。恐怖症是以恐怖症状为主要临床相的一种神经症。患者对某些特定的对象产生强烈和不必要的恐惧，伴有回避行为。恐惧的对象可能是单一的或多种的，如动物、广场、闭室、登高或社交活动等。患者明知其反应不合理，却难以控制而反复出现。青年期与老年期发病者居多，女性更多见。国外报道一般人口中的患病率为77%o,中国各地调查患病率的平均值为 2%o左右。疑病症又称疑病性神经症（Hypochondriacalneurosis）。 指对自身感觉

49、或征象作出患有不切实际的病态解释，致使整个心身被由此产生的疑虑、烦恼和恐惧所占据的一种神经症。rapid deve lopme ntofthe market economyenvironmentto expl orepubli cservants' duty consumption monetizati onreform hasprovideda goodfoundation.Thesocialization of rear servicework has been la unche d,and rapi d progre ssin some pl acesand departme n

50、ts,dutyconsumption monetizationofcarriera nda ppr oach tomanageme nthas been resolve d.Third,in re centyears, exploring the monetizati on ofdutyconsumptionhasmadesomeprogress, havegained some experience andca nprovi dereferencetothe compre hensivereform ofthesystem of public serva nts' dutyconsu

51、mpt ion further. Implementing a n "honest canteen",sta ndar dize officiale ntertaining management;enhancing t hetelecommuni cationexpe nse manag ement;elimi nation of Countytravelandcountrysi desubsi dies; research"village officials"capitalization ma nagementofcorporatespendi ng,

52、a ndsoon.Finally,group.18 sessiontobe heldinBeijingfrom November9,2013to12th.35yearsago blewthe third plenary se ssi on ofthe reform andopening up inthe springbreeze, changed,affect thew orld;toda y,35years later,in theeyes ofthe nation andthe w orld expect, againto reform markChina, usheredinthe 18

53、sessi on.XI GeneralSe cretary pointedoutthat Chnia'sreform hasentered acrucial periodand theSham ShuiPoDistri ct, must bebase d ongreater politicalcourage a nd wi sdom,lose no time indee pening reform in importantfields.Dares to crack a hard nut, daresto questi on theRapids, whichdaresto break t

54、hebarrierofideas,and dareto benefitcurebarriers.Dee pe ning reform andopeningup isonschedule to achi eveinstit utionalsafeguardsofthe moderatelywell-off.Undert he"fiveinone" theGeneral layoutofsocialistmodernizationrequir ements, 18session ofthedecisionwasa "fiveinone" andtheimpr

55、oveme nt ofoverallscheme ofreform,will promote an integrated andcoordi nated economic,politi cal, cultural ,socialand ecological civilizationconstruction ofthe fivereforms andtheparty's construction i nthe are aofinstitutionalreform.The"fi vein one" programme isto achievea comprehensiv

56、e reform ofinstitutionalguaranteesforobjectives ofbuilda w ell-offsociet y,thesm ooth progress oftheconstruction ofawell-offsociety andreform theobjectivesofthe programme.One,holdi ngtimeand pla ce importanceon November9,2013tothe 18session of the12th Beijingsince 1978,35, havebeen 7plenary session,

57、ea chtimeonmajorissuesofpoliti calandeconomiclifeofthe countryhas made importantde ployment.In accordance with PRC political practi ce,oftenateverysessoin oftheCPCCe ntral Committeein aplenary sessi onwa sheld immediatelyafterthe party'sCongress, on thetheme "personnel",discussing elec

58、ti on Central's top leaders,such as theelecti on of theStandi ngCommitteeofthepoliti calBureau,through theCentralCommittee members, deci sions,such asmembers oftheCe ntralMilitaryCommission.The second pl enary se ssi on,i s hel d intwosessi ons before thegeneralelection, mainlyto discussa ne w S

59、tatepersonnelissues.But by thethir d强迫症即强迫性神经症是一种神经官能症，焦虑症的一种。患有此病的患者总是被一种强迫思维所困扰。患者在生活中反复出现强迫观念及强迫行为。患者自知力完好，知道这样是没有必要的，甚至很痛苦，却无法摆脱。心理障碍的现象处处可见。2.人格障碍性格上的一种变态（是一种人格偏离和畸变，也即不伴有精神症状的人格发展适应缺陷）， 表现为行为缺乏弹性，常呈现出固定的适应不良行为的反应（认识绝对、偏激），情绪不稳定，感情淡漠、易激怒。比如：a.难与他人处理女?人际关系。b.行动常受偶然动机和本能支配，自制力差。c.把自己遇到一些困难都归咎于命运和别人的错误，毫无社会责任感。形成原因：源于生物（遗传）、心理、社会环境等各方面因素的共同作用的结果。人格障碍一般始于童年、少年期，是一种逐步发展起来的人格偏离和畸变，形成后一般不易改