初中英语语法专项训练3---形容词用法

1、中学英语语法专项训练3-形容词姓名： 日期：形容词一定义：形容词（adj.） 主要是用来描述和修饰名词、代词，说明其性质、状态和特征。形容词主要用来描述事物的大小、形状、颜色等具体特征，也可用来陈述事物的状态等。二形容词的特征1作定语，常置于被修饰词的前面 He is a good actor. 他是一名好演员。2作表语，置于连系动词后面The baby is still asleep. Will you please make less noise? 宝宝还在睡觉，你小声点好吗？3多数形容词具有比较等级One of the most important languages is Englis

2、h. 英语是最重要的语言之一。4具有独特的后缀姓氏-able, -ibleComfortable 合适的Terrible 糟糕的Horrible 可怕的-al, -icalNational 国家的 Political 政治的Natural 自然的Chemical 化学的Typical 典型的 magical 魔术的-antImportant 重要的Pleasant 令人愉快的Assistant 辅助的-aryOrdinary 普通的Necessary 必要的Secondary 次要的-fulBeautiful 漂亮的Wonderful 精彩的Careful 细心的-lessHopeless 没

3、有希望的Careless 粗心的Helpless 无助的-lyLovely 可爱的Friendly 友善的Weekly 每周的-ous, -iousFamous 著名的Dangerous 危险的Serious 严肃的-someHandsome 潇洒的Tiresome 烦人的Troublesome 引起麻烦的-yAngry 生气的Snowy 多雪的Sunny 晴朗的三形容词的分类1根据其构成分类 A 简单形容词 Kind 善良的 green 绿色的 interesting 有趣的B 合成形容词合成形容词是指由几个词共同组成并起到形容词作用的词。主要用作定语，一般不作表语。 数词+ 名词+形容词A

4、 ten-metre-wide river 一条十米宽的河 a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩 形容词（或数词）+名词+-ed A middle-aged man 一位中年男子 a fifteen-storeyed building 一座十五层的大楼 形容词+V-ing 形式 A good-looking man 一位相貌英俊的男子 an easy-going woman 一位随和的女子 名词+V-ed 形式A man-made lake 人工湖 a snow-covered mountain一座被雪覆盖的山 副词/形容词+ V-ed形式 A well-known wri

5、ter一位著名的作家 a new-born baby一个新生儿2.根据与名词的关系分类 A 限制性形容词：指描述事物本质的形容词，它与名词紧紧相连，这些形容词如果去掉会严重影响原来的本意。 An English dish英式菜 a French table法国制造的桌子 B 描述性形容词：又称非限制性形容词，置于名词之前，常对名词进行描述，省略之后也不会影响所修饰名词的本意。 A delicious English dish 一道美味的英式菜 a smooth French table一张光滑的法国制造的桌子3. 根据形容词本身的性质分类 A 等级形容词：指直接说明人或事物的特征、性质并有比较

6、等级变化的形容词，可以用程度副词来修饰。在句中可作定语、表语和补足语。 Mary has a nice voice. 玛丽有一副好嗓子。 Cities today seem to be becoming much busier than ever before. 今天的城市似乎变得更加繁忙了。Were making every effort to make our environment much cleaner and safer. 我们在努力使环境变得更加干净、更安全。B 表语形容词：有一类形容词在句中常作表语，不作前置定语，这种形容词称为表语形容词。以元音字母开头的形容词大多属于这一类。

7、 Little Linda is not afraid of dog. 小琳达不害怕狗。Mum has been ill for nearly a week. 妈妈病了近一周了。Go and see if the baby is awake or asleep. 去看看孩子是醒着还是睡着了。常用必备：常见的可作表语的形容词 Afraid 害怕的 alive 活着的 alone单独的 asleep 睡着的 awake醒着的 ready准备好的 sorry 抱歉的 well身体健康的 worth值得的 ashamed 羞愧的 alike 相似的四形容词的句法功能形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足

8、语、主语补足语或状语等。 This is a difficult problem to solve. 这是一个很难解决的问题。（作定语） Maggie is very polite. 玛吉很有礼貌。 （作表语） Dont make your parents angry. 不要让你父母生气。（作宾语补足语）The room was found very dirty. 发现房间很脏。（作主语补足语）He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又累又饿地回到家里。（作状语）五形容词的位置 形容词在句中的位置主要指作定语时与名词的排列顺序。1置于名词前 I often ha

9、ve a joyful heart. 我通常都是心情愉快。2.置于名词或代词后 A 一些表语形容词，如:alive, afraid, alone, asleep, worth等作定语，常置于被修饰词的后面。 The baby still asleep might be awake very soon. 还在熟睡的宝宝可能马上就会醒来。特别提示：作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同的形容词 What is your present address? 你现在的地址是什么？ The people present at the meeting are mostly from the west of Chin

10、a.出席会议的人大多数来自中国的西部。B 形容词在修饰someone, something, anyone, anything, nothing等复合不定代词时，需要置于其后。Attention, please! Ive got something important to tell you all. 大家请注意！我有重要的事情要告诉你们。There you go. Its nothing serious at all. 得了吧，根本没什么严重的事情。C 当定语是“形容词+介词+名词”时，要放在名词的后面He gave me a box full of books. 他给了我一个盛满书的箱子。

11、D 两个意义相反的形容词中间用and或or连接作定语时，常放在名词的后面。All the people on this island, young or old, are all fond of music. 这个岛上的人，不论年轻的还是年老的都喜欢音乐。E away, long, wide, high, deep, old等词附有数词短语说明时，要后置。The river is 20 meters wide. 这条河二十米宽。3 多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序 多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，这些形容词的位置由它们和被修饰名词的关系的密切程度来决定。一般关系最密切的靠被修饰词最近，但也有规律可

12、循，一般的排列顺序如下：限定词（冠词，指示代词，物主代词，数词等）描绘形容词形状大小、长短、年龄、新旧颜色产地、来源材料、种类用途（被修饰的）名词My first fewsunnydaysThe other twobeautifulroundSmall oldwhiteFrenchwoodenwritingdeskshisgreystonebenchthatsquarenewbox六形容词的比较等级英语中的形容词通常用三种形式来表达事物的等级差别，分别是原级、比较级和最高级。大部分形容词的比较级和最高级是通过变化词尾来实现的，属于规则变化，但也有少数是不规则变化。 英语中有些形容词说明形状、材

13、质等，还有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，故而没有比较级和最高级。常见的有： Right正确的 wrong错误的 possible可能的 east东方的 empty空的 Impossible不可能的 favorite最喜欢的 round圆的 golden金色的1.比较级、最高级的构成（1）单音节和少数双音节词 一般在词尾加er或est greatgreatergreatest，youngyoungeryoungest，slowslowerslowest以e结尾的只加r或st nicenicernicest，largelargerlargest.以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加

14、er或est heavyheavierheaviest， easyeasier>easiest， busybusierbusiest， funnyfunnier+funniest， earlyearlier earliest以重读闭音节结尾的词，先双写最末的一个辅音字母，再加er或est bigbiggerbiggest， thinthinner>thinnest， fatfatterfattest，fitt fitter fittest glad-gladder-gladdest hot-hotter-hottestredredder-reddest(2) 多音节和部分双音节词，

15、前加more为比较级，加（the）most为最高级 careful more carefulmost careful usefulmore usefulmost useful popular more popular most popular carelesslymore carelesslymost carelessly(3) 不规则变化的词 goodwell better best badillbadly worse worst manymuch more most little less least old olderelder oldest（指年龄大小）eldest（指长幼顺序） fa

16、r fartherfurther farthest（指距离）furthest（指程度）七原级的用法用于两者之间的同级比较，表示“和一样”： “as +原级形容词+as”的结构，表示前后两者的情况一样“A+系动词+as+形容词原级+as+ B， eg. Bill is as funny as his father. My handwriting is as beautiful as yours. 我的书法和你的一样好。 “A+谓语动词+as+副词原级+as+ B” eg. Lucy speaks Chinese as well as Lily. 在否定句中，用“not as/ so +原级形容词

17、as”结构，表示前者不如后者。 “A+系动词+not asso+形容词原级+as十B” eg. These books arent as interesting as those. I am not as/ so busy as I used to be. 我没有过去那么忙了。 “A+助动词情态动词+not+谓语动词+asso+ B” eg. She didnt sing so well that night as she usually does. 如若第一个as/ so后的形容词作定语修饰名词，应将该名词及有关修饰语都放在第一个as/ so之后。 We have produced as m

18、any tractors as we did last year. 我们生产的拖拉机和去年一样多。I dont make as/ so much money as you do. 我挣得钱不如你挣得多。八 形容词和副词比较级的用法 用于两者比较，表示“比更”： “A+系动词+形容词比较级+than+ B， eg. I am two years older than my little sister. “A+谓语动词+副词比较级+than+ B： eg. She gets to school earlier than the other students. “比较级+and+比较级”，这种结构表

19、示事物本身程度的逐渐增长，意为“越来越”。 eg. In spring the days are getting longer and longer. 在春天，白天变得越来越长。 “the+比较级the+比较级”，这种结构用来表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度的增长而增长，表示“越，越”。eg. The mort you practice using English，the better youll learn it 你英语练得越多，就会学得越好。“A十动词十the+比较级+of短语（比较范围）”，这种结构表示“两者中更的那一个”。当比较双方只出现一方（没有than及其后面的部分），且句中含有of

20、 the two时，比较级前要加the.eg. Penny is the taller of the two girls. Penny是这两个女孩中较高的一个。 The larger of the two houses belongs to Mr Black. 两座房子中较大的那座属于布莱克先生。表示两者程度不同的其他方式 可用more than(多于)， not more than(不多于)， less than(少于)， not less than(不少于)， less+形容词+ than(不如)等。 We havent got more than one hour left right

21、now. 我们就还有不到一个小时了。 It is less cold today than it was yesterday. 今天没有昨天冷。 “not+比较级 +than”与“no+比较级+than”这两个结构表达的意思完全不同，通常，前者往往表示“一方不比另一方”，后者往往表示“前者和后者一样都不”；修饰说明数量时，前者表示“最多，不比多”，后者表示“仅仅”，带有感情色彩。 I am not taller than you. 我不比你高。 I am no taller than you. 我和你一样高。 My French is not better than yours. 我的法语不比

22、你的好。My French is no better than yours. 我的法语和你的一样差。 She is not more than seven years old. 她不到七岁。 She is no more than seven years old. 她仅有七岁。修饰比较级时常见的错误A more不可修饰比较级，但much可以用来加强比较级，意为“的多，更” He looks more younger than I. (×) He looks much younger than I. ( )B 比较的对象或范围出现错误。 1）The weather of Beijing

23、 is colder than Shanghai. (×)北京的天气比上海冷。（比较的对象应该是上海的天气，而不是上海）The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ()2）China is larger than any country in Asia. (×) （出现了逻辑上的错误。 中国就是亚洲的一个国家，应当排除在外。）China is larger than any country in Africa. () 中国比非洲的任何国家都大。China is larger than any other c

24、ountry in Asia. () 中国比亚洲的任何（其他的）国家都大。特别提示 Than后代词的主、宾格Than后面接代词时，一般要用主格，但在口语中也可使用宾格。如果than后是一个句子，则不可使用宾格。 He works harder than me. 他比我用功。 He works harder than I do. 他比我用功。九最高级的用法最高级是表示在三者或更多者中程度最高的比较方式 the+ 形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句Jack is the tallest student in his class. 杰克是他班上最高的学生。He is the fastest r

25、unner of the three boys. 他是这三个男孩中跑得最快的。 This is the most boring book Ive ever read. 这是我读过的最乏味的书。 one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数+表示范围的短语或从句 China is one of the largest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最大的国家之一。用法比较：介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围 如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in; 如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of. China is the largest country in Asia.

26、中国是亚洲最大的国家。 China is the largest one of all the Asian countries. 中国是亚洲所有国家中最大的。 运用比较级表达最高级的概念“比较级+than any other+名词复数”，“比较级+than the other+名词复数”或“比较级+than the rest of +the+名词复数”都可表示最高级意义。Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.Julia is taller than the other girls in her class.Julia is talle

27、r than the rest of the girls in her class.以上三句表达的意思等同于最高级的含义：Julia is the tallest of the girls in her class. 朱丽叶是她们班上最高的女生。十比较级和最高级的修饰语1. 比较级的修饰语Much（得多），far（得多），even（甚至，更），still(更)，a bit（有点），a little（有点），a lot（很）， a great deal(大大地), twice(两倍), five times(五倍), two-fifths(五分之二), a half(一半)等修饰比较级表示程度，

28、但决不可用very修饰。 eg. Tom is a little taller than Mike. Tom比Mike稍高一点； It is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷2.最高级的修饰语 By far/ far and away 最，很 much 得多 almost 几乎 nearly 几乎 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 This is (by) far the best book that Ive ever read. 这是我读过的

29、最好的书。十一. 比较结构的同义转换 有时，不同的比较结构可以表示相同的意思，因此，它们可以相互转换。 1. not as/ soas与lessthan的转换The place was not as/ so crowded as it usually is yesterday.The place was less crowded than it usually is yesterday.昨天，这个地方不像平常那样挤满了人。2. morethan与lessthan, not as/ soas的转换Your picture is more beautiful than his. His pictu

30、re is less beautiful than yours.His picture isnt as/ so beautiful as yours. 你的画比他的好看。3.最高级与morethan, nomore than的转换 Math is the most difficult subject of all. Math is more difficult than any other subject. No subject is more difficult than math. 数学是所有学科中最难的。十二. 形容词的常用句型1. Its +形容词+ of+ sb. +动词不定式 这一

31、句型表示“某人（做某事）”。常用形容词有：good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等，来说明“人”的性质或特征。Its very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真是太好了。Its foolish of you to make such mistake. 你真傻啊，竟然犯这种错误。2. Its +形容词+for + sb. +动词不定式 这一句型表示“做某事对某人来说”。常用形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, dangerous,

32、 safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等，来说明动词不定式的性质、特征。 It is impossible for a child to answer the question. 小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。 Its dangerous for you to swim alone. 你自己一个人去游泳很危险。3. 主语+be动词 +形容词+动词不定式这一句型常用表示感情或情绪的形容词，如：glad, pleased, sorry, sad, thankful等以及表示能力和意志的形容词，如:ready, able, sure, cert

33、ain等。 Im very sorry to hear the news. 听到这个消息我很难过。 Im glad to see you. 见到你我很高兴。 Comrade Lei Feng is always ready to help others. 雷锋同志总是乐于帮助别人。 Tom is sure/ certain to come. 汤姆一定会来。 十二. 形容词与介词的搭配 在英语中，有很多形容词后需要加特定的介词，构成固定的搭配。1. 与about构成的搭配 Be anxious about 对感到担心 be sorry about 对感到抱歉 Be careful about 对

34、小心 be sure about对有把握 Be certain about 对有把握 be worried about 对担忧2. 与构成的搭配 Be expert at 具方面的专长 be surprised at 对感到惊讶 Be angry at 对生气 be good at 在方面擅长 Be clever at 在方面生气3. 与for构成的搭配 Be famous for 由于而著名 be well known for由于而著名 Be ready for 为做好准备 get ready for 为做好准备 Be sorry for 为感到抱歉 be fit/ unfit for 适合

35、/ 不适合 Be good for 对有帮助 be bad for对有坏处4.与in构成的搭配 Be interested in 对感兴趣 be weak in 在方面薄弱 Be poor in 在方面薄弱 be different in 在方面不同 Be experienced in 具有方面的经验5.与of构成的搭配 Be afraid of 害怕 be certain of 对有把握 Be fond of 喜欢 be proud of 为感到自豪 Be tired of 对感到厌倦 be full of 充满 Be sure of 对有把握 be short of 短缺 Be asham

36、ed of 对感到羞愧6.与to构成的搭配 Be good to 对态度好 be kind to 对和蔼 Be nice to 对友好 be rude to 对粗鲁 Be polite to 对有礼貌 be bad to 对态度不好 Be useful to 对有用7. 与with构成的搭配 Be angry with 对生气 be careful with小心 Be busy with忙于 be satisfied with对感到满意 Be pleased with 对感到满意 be happy with 对感到高兴 Be patient with 对有耐心 be strict with 对

37、某人要求严格特别提示形容词后跟不同介词时的意义1. 有些形容词后跟不同的介词意义差别不大 Be experienced at/ in具有方面的经验 be sure of/ about对有把握 Be certain of/ about 对有把握2.有些形容词后跟不同的介词意义不同 Be good at 在方面擅长 be good to对友好 Be good for 对有帮助十三. 常见形容词用法比较1.elder 和older 二者均为形容词old的比较级形式 elder为“年长的”，只指人，用来比较年龄长幼，尤指兄弟姐妹的长幼关系，它只能用在名词前作定语，不能用于than引导的比较状语从句中。

38、 Jordan is the fourth of five children, having two elder brothers and an elder and a younger sister. 乔丹在五个孩子中排行第四，有两个哥哥，一个姐姐和一个妹妹。 older为“年龄较大的，较老的，较旧的”，可指人，也可指物，作定语或表语，能用在than引导的比较状语从句中。 My elder brother is 7 years older than my younger sister. 我哥比我妹大七岁。2. good 和well good和well都表示“好”。通常，作定语或表语时用good

39、，作状语时用well；表示“身体好的”用well.Doing sports is good for us. 做运动对我们有益。（作表语）Sandy dances well and she is a good dancer. 桑迪舞跳得好，她是个出色的舞者。(well作状语,good作定语) -How are you? 你好吗？ -I am very well. 我很好。（作表语，表示“身体好的”）3. huge, big, large,和great 它们都有“大的”意思，但用法不同 huge强调尺寸、体积“庞大”（指体积时，比large, great所指的体积大），容量和数量“巨大”，不强调重

40、量。 About ten years ago scientists from the United States and Mexico found that the large object caused a huge hole in Mexico. 大约在十年前，来自美国和墨西哥的科学家在墨西哥发现这个巨大的物体导致一个大坑。big最通俗、常用，强调比正常程度、范围及规模的标准大，常用于修饰人、物或数量。反义词是little或small My best friend is Xiao Li, but last week in school we had a big fight. 我最好的朋友是

41、小李，但上星期我们在学校大吵了一架。 large强调远远超过标准的“大”，可指数量、容量、体积和面积，比big正式，反义词是small.So it is proved that the large object had a close relation with the death of dinosaurs and other animals.所以证明，这个巨大的物体与恐龙和其他动物的灭绝有关系。 great通常指抽象的事物。可表数量、距离和程度，修饰人时，意为“伟大的”。 This is a great chance that many people do not have. 这是一个很多人

42、没有的好机会。4. interest, interested和interestingInterest用作名词，意为“兴趣”，其主语为人或物。 There are also weekend visits organized to San Francisco and other places of interest in California. 还有周末组织的到圣弗兰西斯科和加利福尼亚的其他名胜的旅游参观。 This subject has no interest for me. 对我来说，这科没趣。 interested用作形容词，意为“感兴趣的”，常构成系表结构“be interested”,

43、其主语只能是人，其后可接动词不定式，”in+ doing”或”in+名词”表示“某人对感兴趣” But now Im more interested in sports. 但是现在，我对运动更感兴趣了。 interesting用作形容词，意为“令人感兴趣的”。在句中可以作定语，也可以作表语。常构成系表结构，主语可以是人，也可以是物。-Im going to Tibet for a week. 我打算到西藏一个星期。 -That sounds interesting. 听起来很有趣。 This is an interesting film. 这是部有趣的电影。初中英语语法专项习题3-形容词姓名：

44、 日期：1 ( )1. This box is_ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as ( )2 When we speak to people, we should be           . A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly C. as politely as possible D. as politely as possi

45、bly ( )3 This book is_ that one, but_ than that one. A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensive C. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive ( )4 I think the story is not so _ as that one. A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most in

46、teresting ( )5 His father began to work_ he was seven years old. A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while2 ( )1. I think science is _ than Japanese. A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important ( ) 2 This pencil is_ than that one. A. longest B. long C. longer D.

47、as long ( ) 3 My mother is no _ young. A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few ( ) 4 These children are _ this year than they were last year. A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller ( ) 5 It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today. A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot D. m

48、uch hot ( )6. Mrs Black has got_ instead of getting any better. A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse3 ( ) 1 When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_ students. A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite ( )2 The house is     &#

49、160; small for a family of six. A. much too B. too much C. very much D.so ( )3 Through the window we can see nothing but _ buildings. A. tall very many B. very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall ( )4 -What's your brother like? -He is_. A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at schoo

50、l ( )5 The jacket was so_ that he decided to buy it. A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheap ( )6 Our classroom is_ larger than theirs. A. more B. quite C. very D. much4 ( ) 1 The earth is about_ as the moon. A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big ( )

51、2 Your room is mine. A. twice as large than B. twice the size of C. bigger twice than D. as twice large as ( ) 3 Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times ( ) 4 His father is_than his mother. A. older four years B. as four years older C. four years older D. bigger four years5 ( ) 1 Maths is more popular than_. A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subject D. other subject ( ) 2 China is larger than _ in Africa. A. any ot