08-10四级阅读完形汇总

1、四级08年6月PartIVReadingComprehensionSectionBPassageOneGlobalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,butregardlessofwhetheritisorisn't-wewon'tdoWeuwhlabgxueioveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfultheseco

2、mmitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.AlGorecallsglobalwarmingan"inconvenienttruth,couiasifmerelyrdcpaglnuzingriitcoultknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,anapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon-withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughswecan'tdomuchaboutit.From2003to2050,theworld&#

3、39;spopulationisprojectedtogrowfromi6曲bo9.1billion,a42%increase.Ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.butthat'stoolow,becausocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconomicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld'poorto

4、theirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryoneelse'livingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethandoubleby2050.Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttosh

5、owthey're"doingsomething."ConsidertheKyo(otProtoco怖).Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn't.Butithasn'treducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(签字国)didn'tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012targets.Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalw

6、armingisapotentialdisaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingdependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblemwhenit'sreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon&

7、#39;solvetheengineeringproblem,we'rehelpless.57. Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?A) Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.B) Itisanissuerequiringworldwidecommitments.C) Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.D) Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.sviewonglobalwarming?A)

8、 Accordingtotheauthor'sunderstanding,whatisAlGoreItisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawareof.B) Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.C) Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.D) Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.58. Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becau

9、seof.59. economicgrowththewideninggapbetweentherichandpoorwastefuluseofenergytherapidadvancesofscienceandtechnologyTheauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,.60. politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituationfewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyusereductionsinene

10、rgyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarminginternationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvironmentalproblemsWhatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?A) Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.B) TheultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnologyThedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtot

11、echnologicalbreakthroughs.C) Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.PassageTwoSomedayastrangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsitesyou'vevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchaseorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreference

12、sorcallinghabits.Infact,it'lilselysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?Itmightbeaspouse,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseenthe21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.Psychologistst

13、ellusboundariesarehealthy,thatit'simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(碎屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyou

14、think.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret.Thekeyquestionis:Doesthatmatter?WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis"slippi

15、ngaway,andthatbothersme.”tnotButpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费站)toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAl

16、essandroAcquistihasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocialSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon(优惠券).Butprivacydoesmatter-atleastsometimes.It'slikehealth:Whenyouhaveit,youdonit.Onlywhenit'sgonedoyouwishyou'ddonemoretoprotectit.

17、61. Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked"(Lines43Para.2)?A) People'spersonalinformationiseasiCcessedwithouttheirknowledge.B) Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers'secrets.C) Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.D)

18、 Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.62. Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?A) Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.B) Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.C) Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.D) Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends.Why

19、doestheauthorsay"weliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret”(IPara.3)?A) Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.B) Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.C) Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothers'affairs.D) Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople'sidentities

20、.63. WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?A) Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.B) Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.C) Theyrelymoreandmoreonelectronicdevices.D) Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.64. Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat.pe

21、oplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepititsimportanceisrarelyunderstooditissomethingthatcaneasilybelostpeopledon'tcherishituntiltheyloseitPartVCloze(15minutes)Universitiesareinstitutionthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed_67_extendingman'sknowledgeoftheses

22、ubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions_68_fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein_69_andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.Thesmallerandneweruniversitiesdonot_70_thestafforequipmenttocarryoutthe_71_researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions._72_mostexpertsagreethatsomeres

23、earchactivityis_73_tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsin_74_withthelatestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects.Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlyto_75_theknowledgeneededfortheirchosen_76_.Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbethe_77_one.Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomen_78_judgmentandwisdomaswel

24、lasknowledge.Forthisreason,they_79_studentstomeetotherswithdiffering_80_andtoreadwidelyto_81_theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy._82_asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughinasubjecttoenjoygainingknowledgeforitsown_83_.Heshouldbepreparedto_84_sacrificestostudyhischosen_85_indepth.H

25、eshouldhaveanambitiontomakesome86contributiontoman'sknowledge.65. A)atB)byC)toD)in66. A)turnsB)rangesC)movesD)varies67. A)prospectB)placeC)controlD)favor68. A)occupyB)possessC)involveD)spare69. A)maximumB)mediumC)virtualD)vast70. A)ButB)AsC)WhileD)For71. A)naturalB)essentialC)functionalD)optiona

26、l72. A)coordinationB)accordanceC)touchD)grasp73. A)acquireB)acceptC)endureD)ensure74. A)processionB)professionC)possessionD)preference75. A)typicalB)trueC)mereD)only76. A)withB)underC)onD)through77. A)promptB)provokeC)encourageD)anticipate78. A)historiesB)expressionsC)interestsD)curiosities79. A)bro

27、adenB)lengthenC)enforceD)specify80. A)AmidB)AfterC)OverD)Upon81. A)objectB)courseC)effectD)sake82. A)takeB)makeC)sufferD)pay83. AfieldB)scopeC)targtD)goalA)radicalB)truthfulC)meaningfulD)initial08年12月PassageOneIfyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:youareasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics.yo

28、uaremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.Therearemanyreasonsforthis-typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomanandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmokebutper

29、hapsmoreimportantly,mendon'tgotothedoctor."Menaren'tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,"saysDr.Gullotta,"Thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”Gullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.TwomonthsagoG

30、ullottasawa50-year-oldmawhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker'scoughforayear."WhenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlungcancerys,"hesa"Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butitwouldhaveprolongedthislifeAccordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween

31、15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup."Alotofmenthinktheyareinvincible(不可战胜的)"Gullottasays"Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink"Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim.Thenthereistheostrichapproach,"somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethere

32、anerwouldrathnotknow,"saysDr.RossCartmill."Mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,"Cartmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.57. Regularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsay

33、s."Bpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:itiscalledprematuredeath.”Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage?A. Theyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestoday.B. Theiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended

34、.C. Theyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticle.D. Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlive.58. Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?59. mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomenmendon'tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomenmenaren'tascautionsaswoinfaceofdangerme

35、naremorelikelytosufferfromfataldiseasesWhichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence"Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim'(line2,para,8)?60. itcouldhappentome,tooIshouldavoidplayinggolfIshouldconsidermyselfluckyitwouldbeabigmisfortunewhatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby"theostrichapproach"(lineqpara.

36、9)acasualattitudetowardsone'shealthconditionsanewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblemsrefusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolvedunwillingnesstofindoutaboutoneseoffearWhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?TheymayincreasepublicexpensesTheywillsavemoneyinthelongrunTheymaycauseps

37、ychologicalstrainsonmenTheywillenablementoliveaslongaswomenPassageTwoHigh-qualitycustomerserviceispreached（宣扬）bymany,butactuallykeepingcustomershappyiseasiersaidthandoneShoppersseldomcomplaintothemanagerorownerofaretailstore,butinsteadwillalerttheirfriends,relatives,co-workers,strangers-andanyonewho

38、willlisten.Storemanagersareoftenthelasttohearcomplaints,andoftenfindoutonlywhentheirregularcustomersdecidetfrequenttheircompetitors,accordingtoastudyjointlyconductedbyVerdegroupandWhartonschool"Storytellinghurtsretailersandentertainsconsumers,"saidPaulaCourtney,PresidentoftheVerdegroup.&qu

39、ot;thestorelosesthecustomer,buttheshoppermustalsofindareplacement.Onaverage,everyunhappycustomerwillcomplaintoatleastfourother,andwillnolongervisitthespecificstoreforeverydissatisfiedcustomer,astorewillloseuptothreemoreduetonegativereviews.Theresulting"snowballeffect"canbedisastroustoretai

40、lers.Accordingtotheresearch,shopperswhopurchasedclothingencounteredthemostproblems.rankedsecondandthirdweregroceryandelectronicscustomers.Themostcommoncomplaintsincludefilledparkinglots,cluttered（塞满了的）shelves,overloadedracks,out-of-stockitems,longcheck-outlines,andrudesalespeople.Duringpeakshoppingh

41、ours,someretailerssolvedtheparkingproblemsbygettingmoonlighting（业余兼职的）localpolicetoworkasparkingattendants.Somehiredflagwaverstodirectcustomerstoemptyparkingspaces.Thisguidanceeliminatedtheneedforcustomerstocircletheparkinglotendlessly,andavoidedconfrontationbetweenthoseeyeingthesameparkingspace.Ret

42、ailerscanrelievetheheadachesbyredesigningstorelayouts,pre-stockingsalesitems,hiringspeedyandexperiencedcashiers,andhavingsalesrepresentativesonhandtoanswerquestions.Mostimportantly,salespeopleshouldbediplomaticandpolitewithangrycustomers."Retailerswho'rerespsiveandfriendlyaremorelikelytosmo

43、othoverissuesthanthosewhoaren'tsofriendly."saidProfessorStephenHoch."Maybesomethingassimpleasagreeteratthestoreentrancewouldhelp.”Customerscanalsoimprovefutureshoppingexperiencesbyfilingcomplaintstotheretailer,insteadofcomplainingtotherestoftheworld.Retailersarehard-pressedtoimprovewhe

44、ntheyhavenoideawhatiswrong.61. Whyarestoremanagersoftenthelasttohearcomplaints?AMostcustomerswon'tbothermptaineveniftheyhavehadunhappyexperiences.BCustomerswouldratherrelatetheirunhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem.CFewcustomersbelievetheservicewillbeimproved.DCustomershavenoeasyaccesstostoreman

45、agers.WhatdoesPaulaCourtneyimplybysaying"-theshoppermustalsofindareplacement”（Line2,Para.4）?ANewcustomersareboundtoreplaceoldones.BItisnotlikelytheshoppercanfindthesameproductsinotherstores.CMoststoresprovidethesameDNotcomplainingtothemanagercausestheshoppersometroubletoo.62. Shopownersoftenhir

46、emoonlightingpoliceasparkingattendantssothatshoppersAcanstaylongerbrowsinginthestoreBwon'thavetroubleparkingtheircarsCwon'thaveanyworriesboutsecurityDcanfindtheircarseasilyaftershoppingWhatcontributesmosttosmoothingoverissueswithcustomers?AMannersofthesalespeopleBHiringofefficientemployeesCH

47、ugesupplyofgoodsforsaleDDesignofthestorelayout.63. Toachievebettershoppingexperiences,customersareadvisedto.AexertpressureonstorestoimprovetheirserviceBsettletheirdisputeswithstoresinadiplomaticwayCvoicetheirdissatisfactiontostoremanagersdirectlyDshoparoundandmakecomparisonsbetweenstoresPartVPlaying

48、organizedsportsissuchacommonexperienceintheUnitedStatesthatmanychildrenandteenagersthatthemforgranted.Thisisespeciallytrue_67_childrenfromfamiliesandcommunitiesthathavetheresourcesneededtoorganizeand_68_sportsprogramsandmakesurethatthereiseasy_69_toparticipationopportunities.Childreninlow-incomefami

49、liesandpoorcommunitiesare_70_likelytotakeorganizedyouthsportsforgrantedbecausetheyoften_71_theresourcesneededtopayforparticipation_72_,equipment,andtransportationtopracticesandgames_73_theircommunitiesdonothaveresourcestobuildand_74_sportsfieldsandfacilities.Organizedyouthsports_75_appearedduringthe

50、early20thcenturyintheUnitedStatesandotherwealthynations.Theywereoriginallydeveloped_76_someeducatorsanddevelopmentalexperts_77_thatthebehaviorandcharacterofchildrenwere_78_influencedbytheirsocialsurroundingandeverydayexperiences.This_79_manypeopletobelievethatifyoucouldorganizetheexperiencesofchildr

51、enin_80_ways,youcouldinfluencethekindsofadultsthatthosechildrenwouldbecome.Thisbeliefthatthesocial_81_influencedaperson'overalldevelopmentwasvery_82_topeopleinterestedinprogressandreformintheUnitedStates_83_thebeginningofthe20thcentury.Itcausedthemtothinkabout_84_theymightcontroltheexperiencesof

52、childrento_85_responsibleandproductiveadults.Theybelievedstronglythatdemocracydependedonresponsibilityandthata_86_capitalisteconomydependedontheproductivityofworker.A.amongB.withinC.onD.towardsA.spreadB.speedC.spurD.sponsorA.accessB.entranceC.chanceD.route70A.littleB.lessC.moreD.muchA.shrinkB.tighte

53、nC.limitD_lackA.billBaccountsC.feesD.fareA.soB.asC.andD.butA.maintainB.sustainC.containD.entertainA.lastB.firstC.laterD.finallyA.beforeB.whileC.untilD.whenA.realizedB.recalledC.expectedD.exhibitedA.specificallyB.excessivelyC.stronglyD.exactlyA.movedB.conductedC.putD.ledA.preciseB.preciousC.particula

54、rD.peculiarA.engagementB.environmentC.stateD.statusA.encouragingB.disappointingC.upsettingD.surprisingA.forB.withC.overD.atA.whatB.howC.whateverD.howeverA.multiplyB.manufactureC.produceD.provideA.growingB.breedingC.raisingD.flying2009年06月PassageOneTheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifie

55、dhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofounderwithGrego

56、ryofRoganandLoomstate,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofine."Mostdesignerswithexistinglabearefindingtherearen'tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou'redoingandshacustomersareusedto,"hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccot

57、tonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretchnylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs（企业家）w

58、hoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransition

59、al（过渡型的）cottonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial."Mainstreamisabouttooccur,"saysHahn.Someanalysts（分析师）arelesssure.Amongconsumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer

60、,Whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:"NotthatI'mawareof."Likemostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she'sonthehuntfor"cutestuffthatisn'ttooexpensive."Byherownadmission,greenjuyetonhermind.ButThankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers-onedayitwillbe.57. WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion?A) Itinspired