如何做高考阅读中的猜测词义题

1、如何做高考阅读中的猜测词义题猜测阅读技巧训练猜测词义题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和处理生词的能力。猜测词义包括对词、词组和句意的理解，是高考英语试题阅读理解中的一类必考题。高考真题展示2006年全国卷I BI took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. 61. The words “took off” underlined in paragraph 2 mean _ A. tu

2、rned off B. moved off C. put up D. set up 2006年北京卷BWe couldnt afford all the necessary medication for him, and because Dad was unable to work. I had no money for school supplies and often couldnt even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teachers words muffled as I

3、tried to figure out how I was going to manage.61. What can we learn from the underlined sentence?A.Kerrel couldnt understand her teacher. B.Kerrel had special difficulty in hearing.C.Kerrel was too troubled to focus on the lesson.D.Kerrel was too tired to hear her teachers words.猜测词义题常见的解题技巧：（1）、通过定

4、义解释来推测词义。阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示。如：Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies(军用物资),while others carried only passengers.分析：such as后所列举物品均为“

5、货物”，由此推断cargo的意思相同，和后面的passengers形成对比。练习(1)Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.（2）The best football, basketball and tennis players can become professional that means they will have

6、 a career in sports and will get money when they play. （3）Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. （4）The word “lefty” means a person who uses his or her left hand for writing, eating and other jobs.（5）Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, partic

7、ular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing. （6）A person who has the SARS （非典型肺炎）may have symptoms like coughing and a high temperature. （2）、通过对比关系来推测词义，如利用反义词说明生词的意义等。有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这种句子多见unlike, although,

8、 but, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead of, rather than等信息词。如：One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect

9、 information.A. Quite right. B. Time enough. C. Most unlike. D. Just the opposite.分析：由前句perfect information到后面imperfect information这一组对比关系的词，可以推断应为“对比、相反”的意思。练习：Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japans population is quite homogeneous.2. Thousands of p

10、eople got stuck in lifts. But no one panicked, we passed the time telling stories.3. Most of us agreed; however, Gary dissented.4. He is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.A. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. B. Have you ever wondered what a Degree might be

11、 worth to you in your job or career? 5. A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. Q: What does the under lined word “hassle” probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan r

12、equiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests 6. Music, for instance, was once as groups experienceFor many people now, however, music is an individual experience.（3）、通过同类关系来推测词义。常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similarly等。如：Millions of animals die each yea

13、r on Us roads, the Highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the Us today. The main reason? Road kills.分析：从后面的同位语an endangered wild cat 可知“ocelot”是一种野生猫练习：Not every historic mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be pres

14、erved.We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.Their friends laughed at them, and my sister felt wretched, very unhappy.a.In each Olympic Games, medals of gold, silver and bronze can all be awarded. b.At forty-tw

15、o he was in his prime and always full of energy. （4）、根据生活常识来猜测词义。 a. Mrs. Kreamer, a victim of smoke, was unconscious. b. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. （5）、利用文意及逻

16、辑关系来推测词义。 a. One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.b.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too lo

17、ng. c. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 请选出画线单词的正确意思。 1. Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons. A. 地理学 B. 生态学 C. 心理学 D. 考古学 2. This strict officer is a martinet, a person who dem

18、ands total obedience（服从）to rules, discipline and orders. A.专制的人B. 软弱的人 C. 强硬的人 D. 要求严格服从纪律和命令的人 3. Though Mr. Smith has been general manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.A. 上级 B. 前任 C. 同事 D. 下级 4. The football game was getting more and more e

19、xciting; however, the old lady was still as dozy as she usually was. A. 昏昏欲睡的 B. 亢奋的 C. 欣喜若狂的 D. 麻木的 5. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C. 有效的 D. 匆促的 6. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her readin

20、g. A. 心不在焉的 B. 紧张的 C. 全神贯注的 D. 睡意浓的 7. One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever. A. 症状 B. 疾病 C. 恐惧 D. 威胁 8. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. A. 流泪 B. 乞讨 C. 呻吟 D. 颤抖 9. The hot tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged laziness

21、. A. 兴奋 B. 厌恶 C. 清醒 D. 疲倦 10.To quite a great many people, money is an irresistible temptation（诱惑）. A. 不可抗拒的 B. 可抗拒的 C. 接受的 D. 不可接受的 （）利用例证性线索某些冷僻的词汇后面会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。等连接性词语往往用来举例说明前面较难理解的名词。如：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English L

22、earning.分析：通过后面的例子：英语世界、中小学外语教学、英语学习，可知periodicals为“期刊杂志”练习：Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently.The largest player-Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices-Deluxe Sedans, Minivans, Station Wagons, Coac

23、hes, Santana Sedans are the big favorite.When writing an article, we often use similes, such as “brave as a lion” and “quick like lightning”.（）、通过构词法知识来理解 英语中的构词法主要的有三种，即复合法，派生法和转化法。而派生是很重要的一种方法，它是由词根，前缀，后缀所组成。词根是单词最重要的部分，表达单词的基本含义，在词根前或后加上前缀和后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意思。只要我们掌握了各种词根、前缀、后缀等基本含义，那么就可以很容易地猜测出所构成的

24、新词的含义了。利用构词法知识猜词义我们可以用下面的一些方法：阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。如：Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析：antipoison 是由poison加前缀anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。练习：Iran quake

25、 leaves city flattened.When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?The aging of population will affect American society in many ways-education, medicine and business. 1.利用派生法知识猜派生词词义。 a.Carrentals are becoming more and more popular as an ine

26、xpensive way of taking to the roads. b. The popularity of the igloo is beyond doubt.2.利用合成法知识猜测合成词词义。a. “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the two share a little about their innermost feeling.” b.The colors of Hawaii in summer are unforgettable. 3.要求猜测熟词新含义。 a. The major m

27、arket force rests in the growing population of white collar employees, who can offer the new service. b. “It was the best night we had ever had” said Angela Carraro,who runs an Italian restaurant. 4.要求猜测词性变换新词含义。 a. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in sizeb. When men and women lived huntin

28、g 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life? 【针对性练习】 根据构词法，猜测下面画线单词的意思。 1. Many factories were closed, so men faced unemployment2. They had, I know, some undersirable friends. 3. The boy took a handful of chocolates before he went to school. 4. We seek to satisfy equality of

29、 pay for men and women. 5. Students should not disobey the rules of their school. 6. We favour an early start in the training of performing arts. 7. We fought hard to overthrow the policy. 8. Can you forsee what will happen tomorrow. 9. The man made an admission that he was a spy. 10. He is very kno

30、wledgeable about wires. （）上下文线索猜测词义任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。如：If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I dont like to be with him. A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken 根据I dont like to be with him我们感受到说话人的语气。我不愿意跟他在一起，那么，他要

31、邀请我出去是不可能的 他就大错特错了。因此答案D。练习（1）A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. （2）The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing. （3

32、）All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake. （4）For people who live within a stones throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. （5）The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which fil

33、led the sky could be seen for miles and miles. 实战练习1（05 湖北卷A篇）Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own. What is a birds “territory”?AA place where families of other species are not accepted.BA place where a bird may shout at th

34、e top of its voice.CAn area for which birds fight against each other. DAn area which a bird considers to be its own .2（05浙江卷B篇）In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. todayThe writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that _. A. wild animals have become more dang

35、erous B. the driving conditions have improved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to workD. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents3（05江苏卷E篇）William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”The underlined word “mingl

36、ed” in the last paragraph most probably means .AsimpleBmixedCsadDhappy4（05江西卷E篇）Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?5（05广东卷E篇）Its a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on Englands most southerly point6（05

37、北京卷B篇）Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.7（04浙江卷D 篇）We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of

38、this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists.8（04 湖北卷C篇）Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is “yes”, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers.In Science / Health ; “Johns Hopkins” is .Aa famous university Ba medical center

39、 Ca well-known doctor Da drug company9（04 福建卷E篇）Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces .According the passage ,The Pines is a .Aplace in which you can see many mobile homes Bmountain where you c

40、an get a good view of the valleyCtown which happens to be near the Banff National ParkDrestaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food 10（04 辽宁卷C篇）The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such a

41、s relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.11（NMET 2002 E篇）A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a

42、basket of fun.What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean?a party designed by specialistsa plan requiring careful thoughta situation causing difficulty or troublea demand made by guests12（05上海卷B篇）I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell yo

43、u what to do .”The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “ ” .Afull of respect Btoo confident and rude Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet 13（05江西卷D篇）Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. In the first paragr

44、aph ,the word “pruning” means .A. regular cutting of the plants B. frequent watering C. regular use of chemicals D. growing the plants high in the mountain 2006年安徽卷 C14Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it

45、 off and take the kill for themselves.64. By describing lions as “opportunist” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions_. A. are cruel animals B. are clever animals C. like to take advantage of other animals D. like to take every chance to eat2006年上海卷 C15Analyzing the law of the ta

46、lion-an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth-William Ian Miller presents an original thinking over the concept of “pay back.” 73. The word “talion” in introducing the book Eye for an Eye is probably a concept of_.A. medicine B. trade C. avenging D. striving2006年天津卷 C15 Some children are natural-born

47、bosses.They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. “Examine the extended family, and youll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. Its an inheritable trait,” said Russell Barkley, a professor 44. The underlin

48、ed phrase “inheritable trait” in Paragraph 2 means _. A. inborn nature B. developed character C. accepted theory D. particular environment 2006年湖南卷 E16When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American cultura

49、l life, trying hard to follow every new development, Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.71. The underlined sentence in Paragragh 1 means Sontag _. A. was a symbol of American cultural life B. developed world literature, film and art C. published many essays about world culturekept pa

50、ce with the newest development of world culture2011年高考备考阅读理解中的猜词技巧1. The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution she was banished. A few members of the Senate opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever. A. killed by stoning B

51、. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping2. The prisoner seemed to relax but actually he was thinking hard, while his hand moved so slowly that the movement was imperceptible. It was only when the keys accidentally fell from the table that the guard suddenly realized that the prisoners hand

52、had almost reached them. A. hardly noticeable B. heavy-handed C. not capable of fast or immediate action D. a matter of habit3. Mrs. Morgans son was intelligent and charming, but his continual extravagance made her wonder if she could continue to support him. Each month she was going deep into debt,

53、 attempting to pay for his expensive purchases. A. superior manner B. wastefulness or carelessness in spending money C. showing too great concern for current fashions D. insults to family or close friends4. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl, while her sister was quite sedate. A. pretty B. cal

54、m C. protective D. energetic5. I wanted to stay in New York, but my friend tried to dissuade me. A. deceive B. frighten C. talk out of it D. accompany6. Alberts success after much effort and practice prove the value of persistence. A. time B. competition C. perseverance D. beginning again7. He felt

55、very lonely; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no one in the inhospitable city. A. unfriendly B. uncomfortable C. unhealthy D. enormous8. I found a secluded area where no man or animal could be seen for miles around. A. cool B. isolated C. quiet D. noisy9. The archaeologist spen

56、t years studying and searching for remains of the Chinese civilization. A. one who studies the mind B. one who studies cultures C. one who studies the body D. one who studies animals10. CARDIFF, Wales (De, 15) Poets, singers and musicians from across the globe gathered Wales to celebrate the tradition of storytelling. “It came out of a group of people who wanted to reconnect with traditions, and as all