托福生物学词汇

1、普通生物学General Biology以下内容由peter整理：将植物学、动物学、生物学词汇进行分类、归并，并按逻辑关系排列，便于记忆。植物学Botanybotany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquatic plant水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf叶leaflet小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel / skin果皮shell（硬）果壳hus

2、k（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses石松类植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic共生的wither / shrivel / fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue组织o

3、rgan器官system系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交root pressure根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tension凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin维他命malnourished营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree针

4、叶树larch落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plum blossom梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum菊花water lily荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily百合jasmine 茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn / maize / mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage卷心菜wheat小麦rye黑麦barley大麦oa

5、ts燕麦动物学ZoologyZoology动物学ornithology鸟类学entomology昆虫学Marine biology海洋生物学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学Genetics遗传学Evolutionary biology进化生物学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur Ichthyosaurtyrannosauruspterosaur恐龙 鱼龙 暴龙 翼龙die out / extinction灭绝flora植物faunain vertebratemolluskcoelenteratevertebratea

6、mphibian reptile mamal primate动物无脊椎动物软体动物腔肠动物脊椎动物两栖动物爬行动物哺乳动物 灵长动物protozoa原生动物plankton浮游生物aquatic life水生生物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物microbe微生物one-celled organism单细胞有机体single-cell单细胞yeast酵母（菌）bacteria细菌fungi真菌algae藻类underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器tissue（动植物细胞的）组织tentacle触须insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care产后护理

7、navigate导航tiny receptor接收器spawn产卵hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring/ descendants子孙chew up咀嚼unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品 / 食物habitat栖息地homotherm恒温动物endothermpoikilotherm变温动物ectothermherbivore食草动物herbivorous食草的carnivore食肉动物carnivorous食肉的scavenger食腐动物omnivorous杂食的habitat栖息地symbiosis共生p

8、arasitism寄生predator捕食者prey捕食；被捕食者cannibalism同类相食camouflage伪装(disguise)protective coloration保护色hibernate冬眠；蛰伏dormancy休眠regeneration再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食community动物的群落或人的部落population种群hordes / swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamo

9、us一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply/ reproduce繁殖anatomy解剖学appetite食欲scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊髓；vertebra脊椎respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶digestive system消化系统excretory sy

10、stem排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统circulatory system循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system内分泌系统digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小肠large intestine大肠anus肛门digestive gland消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰分类学Taxonomyspecimen标本hierarchy物种分类的阶元或等级Phylum门Class纲Order目Suborder

11、亚目Family科Genus属Species种Variety变种进化与遗传evolution进化darwinism达尔文学说origin of species物种起源natural selection自然选择animal adaptation动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存genetics遗传学heredity遗传cell细胞cell wall细胞壁plasma lemma / cell membrane细胞膜cytoplasm 细胞质nucleus细胞核chromosome染色体protein蛋白质amino acid核酸mutation突变variation

12、变异mutation of species物种变异genetic engineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态 / 变形水生动物jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼哺乳动物dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼squirrel松鼠marten貂bat

13、蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的两栖动物、爬行动物frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen / crocodile鳄鱼鸟类robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork鹳ptarmi