大学英语四级作文要点

1、大学英语四级作文要点四级作文评分原则及标准n本题满分为15分n阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷一至二份。n阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。评分标准n2分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。n5分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。n8分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。（多数句子有错误，中式英语较多，思路基本

2、清晰）n11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。（用词较简单但无误，句型使用无误但不新颖，思路清晰，让人有清爽的感觉）n14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。（词汇难度系数大，句型使用无误，思路清晰，逻辑结构连贯）n（注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分）n字数不足应酌情扣分：少10个词扣一分（注：1. 题目中给出的主题句、起始句、结束句等，均不得记入所写字数。n 2. 规定的内容未写全者，按比例扣分。n 3. 如果扣为0分，要慎重处理。） 为了便于阅卷人员掌握评分标准，现将各档作文分相当于百分制的得分，列表于

3、下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60（相当于百分制的60分）。作文分151413121110987654321得分率100948780746760544740342720147评分标准解读n两大基本原则n1.印象分：书写工整，字迹清晰，卷面整洁n2.语言第一位（语法与词汇的基本功） 结构第二位（逻辑结构是否清晰） 内容第三位（内容是否跑题） 语言语法（句型）词汇（运用）搭配（使用）结构段落结构：总分总关联词使用词汇替换能力四级作文体裁总汇n记叙文记叙人或事（主要回答when, where, what, who, how这五个问题）n描写文-用文字来再现客观的人、事、环境等（主观描写文和客观描

4、写文）n说明文-说明事实、情况或传送信息（说明和解释）n议论文-发表自己的看法、观点（主要体裁）四级作文具体题型n提纲作文 最常见的作文题型 （议论文）n图表作文 较难对付的作文形式（说明文）n情影作文 限定条件最少，发挥最大的作文形式（记叙文）n关键词作文 （描写文）一. 提纲作文（outline composition）共出现过14次n1.现象阐释型：分析现象，阐述其因利 n2.问题对策型：分析问题，找出问题，并提出解决问题的办法n3.观点对比型：辨析两种对立的观点 n4.论说反驳型：支持或驳斥一种观点 二.图表作文（graph composition）十年出现过一次n在题目中给出一个或几

5、个统计表格、柱状图或饼状结构图，用文字描述图表客观信息并解释图表中所传递的信息，找出某种规律或趋势并分析其原因或后果。三. 情景作文（situational composition)共出现过7次n1.书信 告知信、建议信、综合信n2.综合叙事型n3.演讲致辞型 综上所述，近十年来，CET4主要以议论文体裁为主，偶现应用文的形式，并且题材与形式越来越向国外的英语考试形式靠近。三段十句作文法n总分总的原则n120字=10句子*平均每一句12字n10=3+4+3/2+5+3/3+5+2n10句子中基本语法句型要交替出现n不同的句子中同义词要交替使用十句作文具体分配第一段开门见山进入主题=现象句+扩展

6、句+过渡句第一段现象句扩展句过渡句1.现象句=题目里中文提示语1的翻译内容如：2009.6越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么（Nowadays, a growing number of museums are open to the public free of charge）2008.6娱乐活动多种多样（With the development of the economy and society, the number of recreational activities grow.）n2.扩展句=对现象句情况的进一步解释或说明如：2007.12各大学为学生开设了多种多样的选修课（在陈述

7、完现象之后应举例说明选修课的种类与细节The elective courses vary widely from history to science, from literature to business administration and almost cover every field.）2006.12许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节联欢晚会（Starting in the 1980s, the spring festival gala on CCTV has become an indispensable part of our annual celebration. Millions

8、of people watch it on the eve of the lunar New Year.） n3.过渡句=对第一段内容进行小结并引出下文要阐述的观点，内容为题目里中文提示话2内容的翻译整合n如：2008.12(2)一次性塑料袋造成的问题For many years we have been using disposal plastic bags when we are shopping on the market, and most often these bags are offered by the shops for free. This, undoubtedly, ha

9、s brought us great convenience in our daily life. However, its disadvantages are also very apparent, and Ill just venture to explore two aspects. 第一段模板句nWhen it come to/When asked about/Faced withnThere is a general discussion today aboutnNow people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that第二

10、段直奔主题，合理陈述观点现象，做到有理有据，立驳充分恰当=对于题目里中文提示语(2)的具体解释说明第二段陈述句一扩展支持句一陈述句二扩展支持句二陈述句一n陈句一=现象或立论/驳论观点的第一个表述句如：2008.6(Some people think these recreational activities are great and necessary, because they can help people release their strain and stress.) 2008.12(For one thing, the plastic bags are mostly indeco

11、mposable in the natural state so that with the increasing use of these bags, it will seriously bring about the so-called “white pollution” to the environment)陈述句一模板句1.A number of factors can account for the phenomenon in 2.There are many causes for 3.The phenomenon in mainly result from the fact tha

12、t4.is responsible for the rise/decrease in扩展支持句一n扩展支持句一=对陈述句一所阐述现象或观点的进一步举例解释或说明如：2009.6(, it also causes some concerns. One is that some museums may find it increasingly difficult to run as usual without admission fees.) 2005.12(In this way, people would be exposed to deep culture and knowledge dep

13、osits of the institution.)支持句一模板句1.利弊说明 The advantages of A outweigh any benefit we gain from B. Good as A, it has its own disadvantages. For one thing, ; for another, 2.举例论证 Numerous examples can be given, but this will suffice. I can think of no better illustration than the following one.陈述句二n陈述句二

14、=更进一步陈述现象或自己所要表述的观点，亦或是与陈述句一相悖的意见与观点如：2007.12(Furthermore, the use of plastic bags is now so macro around the world that have become a major source of litter)2006.12(On the other hand, some people spent by the government nor the attention from the audience so that it should be abandoned.)陈述句二的模板句n转折

15、型But in the meantime, whether has become a hot issue.However, has sparked/aroused/created/provoked a debateYet at the same time, people are divided over whether But meanwhile, whether is an issue open to debaten递进型More importantly, which, also confirms the belief.Another point I would like to suppor

16、t the finding is There is another evidence suggesting that Moreover, it is widely accepted that 扩展支持句二n扩展支持句二=对陈述句二所阐述现象或观点的进一步举例解释或说明如：2005.12(Others argue that the academic atmosphere there would be destroyed. Tourists would inevitably disturb the learning environment on campus instead of offering

17、 benefits.)2006.6(Moreover, .In addition, the teacherss humor sense often plays an important role in being chosen by students.)支持二的模板句n原因说明It is reasonable due to the fact The main reason for this view is obviously It is generally arguable that n举例论证Plenty of evidence has shown that Our own experien

18、ce has revealed that I have to emphasize the fact that 第三段对全文中心思想做出的精炼浓缩或是对个人观点的阐述及总结=主题句+扩展句+总结句第三段主题句扩展句总结句主题句n主题句=对第二段所述内容的总结及下一段内容的过渡如：2008.6(As a college student, I hold a belief that recreational activities do good for us.) 2007.12 (As far as I concerned, I am inclined to choose elective cours

19、es that truly satisfy my curiosity for knowledge.)扩展句n扩展句=对主题句的延申内容或个人观点的基本表述、建议解决问题的措施如：2009.6(For example, the government should provide more funds to museums and raise publics awareness to protect our valuable heritage preserved in the museums.)总结句n总结句=全文及个人看法、观点的总结如：2008.12(Therefore, every citi

20、zen should support this action by reducing the use of disposable plastic bags in our daily lives.) 2008.6 (As long as we arrange time by reason, and take part in recreational activities properly we can make the a helpful tool for our development.)主题句&扩展句&总结句模板句n归纳结论句型 1. From what has been discussed

21、 above,/Taking into account all these features,/Judging from all evidence offered, we may safely draw the conclusion that 2.All the evidence supports a conclusion that 3.It is high time that we placed great emphasis on /we put an end to the phenomenon of 4.It is necessary that effective actions shou

22、ld be taken to prevent the situation.模板句n建议措施句型1.It is necessary /high time that effective actions should be taken to 2.Only in this way can we solve 3.We should enhance /cultivate the awareness of people that this issue is vital for us.4.Hence, it is imperative for us to take drastic steps.小提示n虽然模板

23、句可以很好的帮助学生在短时间内写出作文，但太多的模板句会学生在真正的考试中拿不到理想的分数。阅卷老师对于那些类似于陈词滥调一样的模板句一点都不感冒，所以如果真的想在考试中拿到较好的分数，还要学会灵活地运用词汇与句型。如果学生可以从下面的句型中选出五到六个正确地运用在作文中，会自己的分数提高很多。全文句型n定语从句（限定或非限）n现在分词作主语的句子n状语从句（时间状语较普遍）n后置定语（）n并列句（and , while）nIf 引导的条件句（If some of chances are grasped,）全文句型n同位语从句（the fact that）n比较级句子（compared wit

24、h）n独立主格结构作前置状语（Actually obtained from the big firm, these capacities and experience could make us change a lot.）nIt is +adj./done + that/to do句型n倒装句nMake it adj. (句子, making it possible that )7种重要的句子成分正确理解n主语n谓语n宾语/表语n定语n状语n补语难度大n同位语难度大主语n主语是句子要说明的人或事物，可以由名词、代词、动名词（动名词（doing）、动词）、动词不定式（不定式（to do）、）、

25、what从句、从句、that从从句、句、how从句从句等组成。n小提式：动词原形不能做主语（学生卷面出现较多）n作业：每人用不同的主语造两个句子谓语n谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语永远只能由动词组成。n请注意以下句子的谓语成分如：There are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age. In this day and age, a lot of people agree that gambling is an unwholesome hobby.宾语/表语n宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。能作宾语

26、的有名词、代词、动句词、动词不定式、that从句、what从句、how从句等。n小提示：当动词是be动词时，后面的名词或形容词叫表语n作业：每人用不同的宾语/表语造两个句子定语n修饰名词的成分叫定语。最常用的定语就是形容词，还有一种用句子修饰句词的定语，就是定语从句了。n注意下面句子中的定语成分如：The internet has been gaining in popularity at an amazing rate. Those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places, have a b

27、roader view of life.状语n状语可修饰动词、形容词或者全句，可以由副词、介词短语、分词短语或者动词不定式构成。n小提示：有一种难度较高但特别拿分的语法现象叫做状语提前。所谓状语提前就是把一种由副词、介词、现在分词或者动词不定式形成的小短语放在句首。如：Like self-awareness, this is also hard to achieve. In spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied.补语牛人使用n补语的作用是补充说明前面的

28、成分。四级作文只需要掌握宾补即可，宾补结构：v.+n.+n./adj.中的n./adj.部分如：The graduates find the job market frustrating because of the economic recession.同位语牛人使用n同位语是解释说明它前面的名词的，就是一个名词的后面跟一个短语，这个短语是解释说明前面这个名词的。一般最常见的为下定义时使用。如：Job satisfaction, a very important part of an employees sense of wellbeing, can be promoted in most

29、jobs.较难但得分的句型详述n状语提前（同上）如：unfortunately, apart from, in addition to, similarly, likewise, obviously, overall, most importantly, in terms of插主语使文章有跳跃感n插入语有时即为同位语，但不完全是如：Attitude, after all, is essential for a students academic performance. Shopping, a necessary part of daily life, is increasingly tim

30、e-consuming.倒装句基本上所有学生在卷子里都出现的句型但却单调（only）nNot only, but alsonOnly in this waynUnder no circumstancenOn no accountnAdj. (strange/surprise) as it may seem, 强调句nIt is that nIt is who 如：It is the interaction of the two that shapes a persons personality and dictates how that personality develops.虚拟语气n虚拟

31、语气就是用过去的时态表示现在或将来的事情，表示语气弱化，提建议时候，可用此句型。如：Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child would not learn how exploit and develop their talent.过渡性关系词的使用n思想清晰n行文流畅n有跳跃感n表达地道关系词1n递进1.首先 First, firstly, in the first place,

32、to begin with, to start with, for one thing2.其次 Second, secondly, in the second place, then, moreover, further, furthermore, besides, for another3.最后 Lastly, finally, last but not least, more importantly, above all, additionally关系词2n让步/转折 In other words, despite that, in spite of, even though, even

33、if, nevertheless, however, yet, butn因果 so that, since, over all, therefore, as a result, as a consequence, hence, thus, to conclude, in conclusion, consequently 关系词3n举例说明 such as, that is to say, by that I mean, for instance, take for example, a case in point is , one illustration of this is n总结 in summary, to sum up, in the final analysis, based on all the arguments offered above, on the basis of the above discussion, having considered all the arguments above关系