Lesson 2 Hiroshima-the Liveliest City in Japan修辞学习

1、RHETORICtenor(subject):theconcept,object,orpersonmeantinametaphorvehicle(reference):amediumthroughwhichsomethingisexpressed,achieved,ordisplayedSimile:Asimilemakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikethingshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Thetwothingscomparedmustbedissimilarandthebasisofresembl

2、anceisusuallyanabstractquality.Thevehicleisalmostalwaysintroducedbytheword"like"or"as".Self-criticismisasnecessarytousasairorwater.Thewaterlaygreyandwrinkledlikeanelephant'sskin.Myverythoughtswereliketheghostlyrustleofdeadleaves.Thebuswentasslowlyasasnail.Hereyeswerejetblack,

3、andherhairwaslikeawaterfall.Thecomparisonispurelyimaginative,thatis,theresemblancebetweenthetwounlikethingsinthatoneparticularaspectexistsonlyinourminds,andnotinthenatureofthethingsthemselves.Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.Metaphor:Ametaphor,likeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbe

4、tweentwounlikethings,butthecomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Somesayitthesubstitutionofonethingforanother,ortheidentificationoftwothingsfromdifferentrangesofthought.Contrarytoasimileinwhichtheresemblancebetweentwounlikethingsisclearlystated,inametaphornothingismentioned.Itisoftenlooselydefinedas&q

5、uot;animpliedcomparison","asimilewithout'like'or'as'".Metaphorisconsideredthemostimportantandbasicpoeticfigureandalsothecommonestthemostbeautiful.Snowclothestheground.Thetownwasstormedafteralongsiege.Boysandgirls,tumblinginthestreetsandplaying,weremovingjewels.Ihadalum

6、pinmythroatAtlastthisintermezzocametoanend.Iwasagaincrushedbythethought.whenthemeaning.sankin,joltingme.Metonymy(借代)：InLatin,metameanschangewhileonymameansname,sometonymymeansthechangeofname.Metonymyisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother.Thissubstitutednam

7、emaybeanattributeofthatotherthingorbecloselyassociatedwithit.Inotherwords,itinvolvesachangeofname.Shewasagirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.Hetooktothebottle.littleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapers.strugglebetweenkimonoandtheminiskirtIthoughtthatHiroshimastillfelt

8、theimpactMetonymycanbederivedfromvarioussources:a. NamesofpersonsUncleSam:theUSAb. Animalsthebear:theSovietUnionthedragon:theChinese(afightbetweenthebearandthedragon)c. Partsofthebodyheart:feelingsandemotionshead,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reasongreyhair:oldaged. Profession:thepress:newspapers,report

9、ersetc.HemetthepressyesterdayeveningattheGrandHotel.thebar:thelegalprofessione. locationofgovernment,businessetc.DowningStreet:theBritishGovernmenttheWhiteHouse:theUSpresidentandhisgovernmenttheCapitalHill:USCongressWallStreet:USfinancialcirclesHollywood:AmericanfilmmakingindustryEuphemism:thesubsti

10、tutionofanagreeableorinoffensiveexpressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggeststhunpleasanteg:Hewassentencedtoprison-Heisnowlivingatthegovernment'sexpenses.Theboyisabitslowforhisage.togotoheaven-deadtogotothebathroom,doone'sbusiness,answerthenature'scall,putanendtomylife.Eachdayofsufferingthathelpstofreemefromearthlycares.Irony:Hiroshima-theLiveliestCityinJapanthegoodfortunethatmyillne