法律英语之合同的效力

1、Contract Law -the validity of contract小组成员：李泳欣郭昌妮耿迎晓陈晨The Contract is an agreement that parties or between both parties establish, change or terminate their civil relationship.合同是当事人或当事双方之间设立、变更、合同是当事人或当事双方之间设立、变更、终止民事关系的协议终止民事关系的协议。 Definition of contract 合同的定义合同的定义The validity of the contract, ref

2、ers to the legally binding contract has been established between the parties, that the force of law. The validity of the contract is binding law established in accordance with the law of contract. The validity of the contract can be divided into four categories, that is a valid contract ,invalid con

3、tract ,the effectiveness pending contract , Voidable Contract.合同效力，指已经成立的合同在当事人之间产生的法律拘束力，即法律效力。合同效力合同效力，指已经成立的合同在当事人之间产生的法律拘束力，即法律效力。合同效力是法律赋予依法成立的合同所产生的约束力。合同的效力可分为四大类，即有效合同，是法律赋予依法成立的合同所产生的约束力。合同的效力可分为四大类，即有效合同，无效合同，效力待定合同，可变更、可撤销合同。无效合同，效力待定合同，可变更、可撤销合同。the validity of contract 合同的效力合同的效力What is

4、 a Valid Contract?A Valid contract is a agreement between two parties, which may be evidenced by writing, words or action.有效的合同是当事人达成的(legally binding)的协议，可以书面(writing)、口头(words)或行为(action)进行证明。 The Validity of a Contract 合同的有效性合同的有效性1)the actor has relevant capacity for civil conduct;(2)the intenti

5、on expressed is genuine; (3)the act does not violate the law or the public interest. 根据根据民法通则民法通则第第55条对条对“民事法律行为民事法律行为”所规定的条件来看，主要应所规定的条件来看，主要应具有以下条件：具有以下条件：1、行为人具有相应的民事行为能力；、行为人具有相应的民事行为能力；2、意思表示真实；、意思表示真实；3、不违反法律或者社会公共利益。不违反法律或者社会公共利益。 无效合同无效合同(Void Contract)Article 52 A contract shall be null and

6、 void under any of the following circumstances:(1) a contract is concluded through the use of fraud or coercion by one party to damage the interests of the State;(2) malicious collusion is conducted to damage the interests of the State, a collective or a third party;(3) an illegitimate purpose is co

7、ncealed under the guise of legitimate acts;(4)damaging the public interests;(5) violating the compulsory provisions of laws and administrative regulations. 第五十二条第五十二条【合同无效的法定情形】有下列情形之一的，合同无效：（一）一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段订立合同，损害国家利益；（二）恶意串通，损害国家、集体或者第三人利益；（三）以合法形式掩盖非法目的；（四）损害社会公共利益；（五）违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定。 The following

8、 exception clauses in a contract shall be null and void: (1)those that cause personal injury to the other party;(2) those that cause property damages to the other party as result of deliberate intent or gross negligence. （一）造成对方人身伤害的；（一）造成对方人身伤害的；（二）因故意或者重大过失造成对方财产损失的。（二）因故意或者重大过失造成对方财产损失的。 合同免责条款的无

9、效the effectiveness pending contract效力待定合同效力待定合同The so-called the effectiveness pending contract, refers to that the contract has been established, but its not in full compliance with the provisions of the law of the effective elements, so its occurrence effectiveness or not is yet to be determined,

10、the general said that subject to the right to admit or ratified to take effect.所谓效力待定的合同，是指合同虽然已经成立，但因其不完全符合法律有关生效要件的规定，因此其发生效力与否尚未确定，一般须经有权人表示承认或追认才能生效。(1) A contract concluded by a person with limited civil capacity or without civil capacity(2) A contract concluded by an actor who has no power of

11、agency (3)A contract concluded by an actor who has no disposition一一是是无行为能力人无行为能力人订立的和订立的和限制行为能力人限制行为能力人依法不能独立订立的合同，必须经其依法不能独立订立的合同，必须经其法定法定代理人代理人的承认才能生效；的承认才能生效；二二是无权代理人以本人是无权代理人以本人名义名义订立的合同，必须经过本订立的合同，必须经过本人追认，才能对本人产生法律拘束力；人追认，才能对本人产生法律拘束力；三三是无处分权人处分他人是无处分权人处分他人财产财产权利而订立的权利而订立的合同，未经合同，未经权利人权利人追认，合同

12、无效。追认，合同无效。 Voidable Contract ,refers to that the parties in the process of entering into the contract, because the intention is untrue, or for a major misunderstanding in order to make the wrong meaning, in accordance with the provisions of the law may be revoked shall.Voidable Contracts可撤销合同可撤销合同可

13、撤销合同，是指当事人在订立合同的过程中，由于意可撤销合同，是指当事人在订立合同的过程中，由于意思表示不真实，或者是出于重大误解从而作出错误的意思表示不真实，或者是出于重大误解从而作出错误的意思表示，依照法律的规定可予以撤销的合同。思表示，依照法律的规定可予以撤销的合同。(1)those concluded as a result of significant misconception;(2)those that are obviously unfair at the time when concluding the contract.(3)those concluded by one par

14、ty against the other partys true intentions through the use of fraud, coercion, or exploitation of the other partys unfavorable position （一）因重大误解订立的；（一）因重大误解订立的；（二）在订立合同时显失公平的。（二）在订立合同时显失公平的。（三）欺诈、胁迫的手段或者乘人之危（三）欺诈、胁迫的手段或者乘人之危 The property acquired as a result of a contract shall be returned after the contract is confirmed to be null and void or has been revoked; where the property can not be returned or the return is unnecessary, it shall be reimbursed at its estimated price. The party at fault shall compensate the other party for losses incurred as a result therefrom. If both par