Unit6 被动语态2

1、特殊形式的被动语态：特殊形式的被动语态： 1.短语动词（短语动词（“动词介词动词介词 / 副词副词”、“动词副词介词动词副词介词”），），如：如：look after, laugh at, operate on, bring out, give up, put off, take care of, listen to, look down upon 等作谓语，等作谓语，变被动语态时，要把它们看作一个整体，其中的介词或副词变被动语态时，要把它们看作一个整体，其中的介词或副词不能漏掉。不能漏掉。 E.g. The doctor operated on him at once. He was ope

2、rated on at once. 医生立刻给他动了手术。医生立刻给他动了手术。 2. 感官动词（感官动词（ see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等）和使役动词等）和使役动词（ let, make, have 等）用在主动句中，要求后面接不带等）用在主动句中，要求后面接不带 to 的的不定式作宾语补足语，但变被动语态时，要加上不定式作宾语补足语，但变被动语态时，要加上 to 。因为此时。因为此时原宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了。原宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了。 E.g. She made me stand for 45 minutes. 她让我站了她让我站了 45 分钟

3、。分钟。 I was made to stand for 45 minutes. 3. 带双宾语的句子变被动语态时，如果带双宾语的句子变被动语态时，如果“直宾直宾”作主语，通常要作主语，通常要在在“间宾间宾”前加前加 to ，但当谓语动词为，但当谓语动词为 make, mend, buy, pay, get, sing, cook, find 等时，要在等时，要在“间宾间宾”前加前加 for 。 E.g. They pass me a letter. 他们递给我一封信。他们递给我一封信。 A letter is passed to me. The mother bought her daugh

4、ter a gift. 那位母亲给她女儿买了一件礼物。那位母亲给她女儿买了一件礼物。 A gift was bought for her daughter. 4. 带复合宾语（宾语宾语补足语）的句子，即宾语和宾语补足带复合宾语（宾语宾语补足语）的句子，即宾语和宾语补足语都是名词或代词充当的句子，变被动语态时，只能将宾语变为语都是名词或代词充当的句子，变被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾补保留在谓语后面。被动语态的主语，而宾补保留在谓语后面。 E.g. They call the girl Lucy. 他们叫那个女孩露茜。他们叫那个女孩露茜。 The girl is called L

5、ucy. 5. 有些动词和动词短语是没有被动形式的，也不可用其过去分词有些动词和动词短语是没有被动形式的，也不可用其过去分词作后置定语，如作后置定语，如 arrive, die, become, disappear, happen, take place, break out, belong to 等。等。 E.g. The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 在在 1861 年美国内战爆发了。年美国内战爆发了。 6. 有些动词的主动形式表被动意义，如有些动词的主动形式表被动意义，如 feel, look, smell, sound, taste, tu

6、rn , get等系动词以及一些及物动词，如等系动词以及一些及物动词，如 read, act, write, feel, sell, wear, wash, open, shout, clean, cook, keep, play, cut, fill, blow, measure, run, begin 等，在主语是物的句等，在主语是物的句子里时，常用主动形式表被动意义。子里时，常用主动形式表被动意义。 E.g. The story-book sells well. 这本故事书很畅销。这本故事书很畅销。 The machine runs well. 机器运转良好。机器运转良好。 7. 在表示

7、在表示“（某物）需要（某物）需要”的的need, want, require及及“值得值得”的的be worth等后的动名词用主动形式表被动。等后的动名词用主动形式表被动。 E.g. The flowers needs watering. 花需要浇水。花需要浇水。 The book is worth buying. 这本书值得一买。这本书值得一买。 8. 动词不定式前有形容词动词不定式前有形容词 light, heavy, easy, difficult, expensive, fit, nice, interesting, dangerous, bitter 等，且与等，且与句子主语构成动宾

8、关系时，用主动形式表被动意义。句子主语构成动宾关系时，用主动形式表被动意义。 E.g. The question is difficult to answer. 那个问题很难回答。那个问题很难回答。 9. 作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语在句中作主语或宾语时，用主作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语在句中作主语或宾语时，用主动形式表被动意义。动形式表被动意义。 E.g. I have a lot of work to do. 我今天有很多工作要做。我今天有很多工作要做。 He had nothing to say. 他没有话说了。他没有话说了。 用主动语态或被动语态完成句子。用主动语态或被动语态完成句子。1.

9、 A new school _(build) next year.2. My friend _(buy) the blue car last year. 3. In spring, many trees _(plant) in the park. 4. She _(call) her grandparents every Friday.5. The letters _(type) yesterday.6. He _(take) his medicine every day.7. Jane _(not/take) to school by her father yesterday.8. The

10、flowers _(water) twice a week.9. She _(not/work) for a bank last year.10. Milk _(should keep) in the refrigerator. will be builtboughtare plantedcalledwere typedtakeswasnt takenare watereddidnt workshould be kept用所给动词的正确形式填空。用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. - the glass (break) by your little sister? -No, it wasnt. I

11、 (break) it myself yesterday.2. -Who _(write) the story? -It _(write) by a soldier.3. -When will you _(finish) the work? -It _(finish) next week.4. -The girl _(make) to copy the text again, wasnt she? -Yes, the teacher _(make) her copy it again.5. -_ you _(post) the letter yet? -Yes. It _(post) two

12、days ago. Wasbrokenbrokewrotewas writtenfinishwill be finishedwas mademadeDidpostwas posted把下列句子改为被动语态。把下列句子改为被动语态。1. You must finish the article before Friday. 2 Jack didnt clean the car yesterday. 3. How will they use the dictionary? 4. When did he translate the story? 5. Do they take good care of

13、 the sick? The article must be finished before Friday by you. The car wasnt cleaned by Jack yesterday. How will the dictionary be used by them? When was the story translated by him? Are the sick taken good care of by them? 用动词的正确形式完成短文。用动词的正确形式完成短文。 The Statue of Liberty(自由女神像自由女神像) _(give) to the U

14、nited States by France. It _(be) a present on the 100th anniversary(周年纪念日周年纪念日) of the United States. The Statue of Liberty was designed by Frederic and it _(complete) in France in July 1884. In 350 pieces, the statue _(ship) to New York, where it _(arrive) on June 17, 1885. The pieces _(put) togeth

15、er and the opening ceremony(开幕式开幕式) _(take) place on October 28, 1886. Every year, the Statue of Liberty _(visit) by many people from all over the world.was given waswas completedwas shippedarrivedwere puttookis visitedThe causes of traffic accidents.drive too fast, not in good condition, drive too close to the front car, not wear a seatbelt, not watch the traffic,read, drink, eat, talk on the phone, drink alcoholThe tips to keep safe.remember to wear a seatbelt, not drive too fast, keep a safe distance, watch the traffic, not read, drink, eat, talk on the