伊顿离合器基础知识(中英版)-伊顿

1、 2008 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.22What are the Basic “Functions” of a Clutch?离合器的基本功能？Functions of a ClutchFunctions of a Clutch离合器功能离合器功能33What are the Basic “Functions” of a Clutch?离合器的基本功能？Transfer Torque传递扭矩传递扭矩Breaks Torque切断扭矩切断扭矩Clean Release清晰的分离清晰的分离Smooth Engagement柔和结合柔和结合Fun

2、ctions of a ClutchFunctions of a Clutch离合器功能离合器功能44What are the Basic “Functions” of a Clutch?离合器的基本功能？Transfer TorqueBreaks TorqueClean ReleaseSmooth EngagementDampen Vibrations使振动变弱使振动变弱Engage a Clutch Brake离合器制动离合器制动Transfer Torque传递扭矩传递扭矩Breaks Torque切断扭矩切断扭矩Clean Release清晰的分离清晰的分离Smooth Engagem

3、ent柔和结合柔和结合Functions of a ClutchFunctions of a Clutch离合器功能离合器功能55The function of a clutch is to connect / disconnect the flow of power from the engine to the driveline离合器的基本功能是连接/切断发动机到传动轴的动力传递Provides a way to translate engine rotation into transmission rotation,将发动机的转动传递到变速箱的转动 Provides a way to a

4、llow the engine to run without the truck moving,允许发动机运转而车辆保持不动 Provides a way to break torque to select and change gears.在需要选档和换档时切断扭矩传递 What Does a Clutch Do?离合器基本功能66Disc is clamped by the clutch cover, connecting the engine crankshaft to the transmission input shaft从动盘被压盘夹紧,将发动机曲轴和变速箱输入轴连接起来Trans

5、mission rotates with the engine变速箱与发动机一起旋转Flywheel飞轮Clutch离合器How Does it work ? Engaged怎样工作? 接合状态Transfer Torque传递扭矩传递扭矩77Pressure plate separates from the disc压盘与从动盘分离Transmission is disconnected from the engine变速箱与发动机分离Flywheel飞轮Clutch离合器How Does it work ? Disengaged怎样工作 分离状态Clean Release / Breaks

6、 Torque清晰的切断扭矩清晰的切断扭矩88Driven Disc从动盘从动盘: This is the disc which is in contact with the engine flywheel and the pressure plate of the clutch assembly这是与发动机飞轮和离合器压盘都接触的零件Clutch - Basic Components离合器基本部件99Cover Assembly压盘总成压盘总成: An assembly which is mounted on the flywheel, and squeezes the disc again

7、st the engine flywheel.安装到飞轮上,将从动盘压紧到发动机飞轮上的零件Clutch - Basic Components离合器基本部件1010Release Bearing分离轴承分离轴承: Serves as a stationary connection for the release linkage. Connects to the diaphragm spring.连接到膜片弹簧上,且与分离系统相连接.Clutch - Basic Components离合器基本部件1111Pressure plate bolts压盘螺栓压盘螺栓: Shoulder-head bo

8、lts threaded directly into top of pressure plate and through the drive straps.带肩端台阶螺栓穿过传动片直接拧到压盘上部Pressure Plate Bolts压盘螺栓1212Shipping Clips运输垫片运输垫片: Fits between the flywheel bracket and the pressure plate bolts. Used to “cage” pressure plate, in order to facilitate installation of driven discs. Th

9、e clips are removed during the installations process.在压盘螺栓和架子之间,以在运输中保持住压盘,有利于从动盘装配.在离合器安装过程中要拿走.Shipping Clips运输垫片Shipping clip运输垫片1313Flywheel Ring支撑环支撑环: Houses the Diaphragm Springs and Pressure Plate.支撑膜片弹簧和压盘Flywheel Ring / Bracket / Cover支撑环/支架/盖1414Diaphragm Springs膜片弹簧膜片弹簧: Single spring pr

10、ovide the spring force required for developing pressure plate clamp load.弹簧提供要求的弹簧力满足压盘压紧力Diaphragm Springs膜片弹簧1515Collector收集器收集器: Allows a connection point to the diaphragm spring and the release bearing. Allows for clutch engagement and disengagement.连接膜片弹簧和分离轴承,让离合器分离与接合.Spring Collector弹簧收集器161

11、6Drive Straps传动片传动片: Connects the Flywheel Bracket to the pressure plate. Transmit torque from the engine to the pressure plate and provides a spring force to separate the pressure plate from the driven disc when the clutch is disengaged. 连接支架和压盘.传递发动机力矩到压盘.当离合器分离时,提供弹簧力以分离压盘和从动盘.Drive Straps传动片1717

12、Pressure Plate压盘压盘: Provides a clamping surface for the driven disc, allowing for engine torque to be transmitted to the disc and eventually the transmission input shaft.为从动盘提供夹紧面,同时传递发动机扭矩到从动盘和最终传到变速箱输入轴.Pressure Plate压盘1818Facing摩擦面摩擦面: Organic friction material which when clamped up between adjac

13、ent iron surfaces (pressure plate, engine flywheel) causes the disc to rotate with these components thereby translating flywheel rotation into transmission input shaft rotation.有机摩擦材料当被到邻近的铸铁面(压盘,发动机飞轮)压紧时,将使从动盘与这些零件一起转动而将飞轮转动转换为变速箱输入轴转动.Facings摩擦面Facing摩擦面1919Damper减振弹簧减振弹簧: A set of springs radial

14、ly arranged around the hub to prevent torsional vibrations (generated by the engine) from being transmitted to the hub, and in essence the rest of the driveline.在花键毂周围径向布置的一套弹簧用以防止扭振(通常有发动机引起)传递到花键毂,本质上是保护传动轴.Damper减振弹簧Damper减振弹簧2020Hub花键毂花键毂: A toothed component that mates with the transmission inp

15、ut shaft, and is the point of torque transfer to the transmission.与变速箱输入轴匹配的带齿零件,是传递扭矩到变速箱的零件.Hub花键毂Hub花键毂2121Bearing Travel / Release Travel轴承行程轴承行程/分离行程分离行程: Distance by which the release bearing moves when the clutch pedal is fully depressed. In general, 12.7mm minimum travel is required for the

16、clutch to disengage.离合器踏板全踩下时分离轴承移动距离.通常离合器分离要求12.7毫米最小.Bearing Load / Release Load轴承力轴承力/分离力分离力: Load applied at the release bearing to disengage the clutch.分离离合器时作用于分离轴承上的力.Plate Load压盘力压盘力: Load applied at the Pressure Plate when the clutch assembly is engaged.离合器接合时作用于压盘上的力.Plate Departure压盘升程压盘

17、升程: Distance by which the Pressure Plate retracts, freeing up the discs, when the clutch is disengaged.当离合器分离时,为放开从动盘而使压盘回退的力.Other Terminology其它术语22222323 Push or Pull推式或拉式推式或拉式Wear Through免调整免调整 Single / Twin Plate单片单片/双片双片 Mechanical rod机械杆机械杆 Hydraulic液压式液压式 Boosted hydraulic液压助力液压助力 Spline size

18、花键尺寸花键尺寸 Facing type摩擦面摩擦面 Pre-damper预减振预减振 Damper rate减振弹簧减振弹簧刚度刚度 Organic Facings有机有机材料摩擦面材料摩擦面Clutch Disc从动盘从动盘Release Linkage分离系统分离系统Clutch Cover离合器盖总成离合器盖总成Components零件2424 Push or Pull 推式或拉式 Wear-Through免调整 Single / Twin Plate单片/双片Clutch Cover Types离合器压盘型式2525Indicates the direction in which f

19、orce is applied to the release bearing for clutch disengagement 指出为了离合器分离而作用于分离轴承的力的方向.(Disengagement 分离= clutch pedal depressed踩下离合器踏板)PUSH推式: Bearing moves towards the engine轴承向发动机方向移动PULL拉式: Bearing moves away from the engine轴承朝远离发动机的方向移动“Push or Pull”“推式或拉式”2626LBAAdvantages优势 Release Bearing is

20、 separate from cover assembly,分离轴承与压盘总成分开 Simplifies Transmission installation, (alignment of yoke not necessary).简单化变速箱安装(不必对齐拨动叉).Disadvantages劣势 High cover deflections due to large “L” value,由于“L”值大而产生高压盘偏斜 Limited plate load capacity due to “A” diameter,由于“A”直径而限制压盘压紧力 Higher release loads due t

21、o low “B/A” ratio,由于底的“B/A”值而产生高的分离力 Complex cover design, (diaphragm pivot),复杂的压盘设计,(膜片弹簧支点) Can not be used with a clutch brake.无法使用离合器制动Clutch diameter离合器直径离合器直径, (i.e.例如例如 420mm)Push Type推式2727LBADisadvantages劣势Advantages优势 Low cover deflections (small “L” value),小的压盘偏斜(小的“L”值 Higher plate load

22、capacity (“A” diameter),更高的压盘 压紧力(直径“A”) Lower release loads (higher “B/A” ratio),更小的分离力(更高的“B/A”比值) Simple cover design,简单的压盘设计 Can be used with a clutch brake.可以使用离合器制动 Release Bearing must be attached to cover assembly,分离轴承须附在压盘总成上 Difficult Transmission installation, (yoke must align with releas

23、e bearing).变速箱安装困难(拨叉须与分离轴承对齐)Clutch diameter离合器直径离合器直径, (i.e.例如例如 430mm)Pull Type拉式2828Clamping load is generated by coil spring mounted directly between the clutch cover and the pressure plate, hence the name “direct pressure”.夹紧力由安装在离合器盖和压盘之间的螺旋弹簧直压产生,因此命名为“直压”.Coil Spring螺旋弹簧Lever for clutch dis

24、engagement离合器分离杠杆Wear Through-Direct Pressure Coil Spring免调整 直压式螺旋弹簧离合器2929Disc盘Coil Spring螺旋弹簧New Disc新片New新片 Clamp Load夹紧力Worn Disc磨损后Worn磨损后 Clamp Load夹紧力Wear Life磨损量The coil spring extends with facing wear.螺旋弹簧随摩擦面的磨损而伸展Therefore, the pressure plate clamp load reduces.因此,压盘夹紧力减小Travel行程力LoadWear

25、 Through-Direct Pressure Coil Spring免调整 直压式螺旋弹簧离合器3030Clamping load is generated by diaphragm spring mounted directly between the clutch cover and the pressure plate.夹紧力由装在盖总成和压盘之间的膜片弹簧产生Wear Through Travel免调整行程Diaphragm Spring膜片弹簧Wear Through - Diaphragm Spring免调整 膜片弹簧离合器313100New Disc新片Worn Disc磨损

26、New Clamp Load新片夹紧力Worn Clamp Load磨损后夹紧力The diaphragm spring provides a unique load characteristic which results in a worn plate load similar to the new plate load value.膜片弹簧产生一个独特力的特性,而使磨损后的压盘力与新片时相似However, the release load continues to increase.但是,分离力持续升高.Travel行程行程Wear Through - Diaphragm Spring

27、免调整 膜片弹簧离合器3232ADJUSTABLE(North American Style)可调整(北美)Internal compensation for facing wear内部补偿摩擦面磨损Manually adjusted by operator操作者手动调整Automatic adjustment自动调整WEAR THROUGH免调整No compensation for facing wear无摩擦面磨损补偿Clutch bearing position changes with facing wear离合器轴承位置随摩擦面磨损而变化 “Adjustable or Wear-T

28、hrough”“可调整或免调整离合器”SFGWSFGW3333Disadvantages劣势Added weight重量增加重量增加Added cost增加成本增加成本More components (installation)更多的零件更多的零件(安装安装)Higher inertia更大的惯量更大的惯量Greater risk of clutch drag产生产生拖扭的风险更大拖扭的风险更大Advantages优势Smaller diameter更小的直径更小的直径Lower release loads更小的分更小的分离力离力Lower pedal efforts更小的踏更小的踏板力板力I

29、ncreased wear life增加的磨增加的磨损寿命损寿命Increased space for torsional dampers给减振弹给减振弹簧更多的空间簧更多的空间Theoretically, a two plate design will double the torque capacity for a given clutch size and clamp load.理论上,在给定的尺寸和夹紧力时,双片设计将有双倍的扭矩容量.Two Plate vs. Single Plate单片 vs. 双片3434 Friction Materials摩擦材料 Cushioned Fac

30、ings带软垫摩擦面 Torsional Dampers扭转减振弹簧Disc Types从动盘型式3535Ceramic Facing陶瓷摩擦面Organic Facing有机材料Friction Materials摩擦材料3636Friction Material Knowledge摩擦材料知识Organic Facing Material有机摩擦材料Advantages优势Good Engagement Quality好的接合质量Good Wear Characteristics好的磨损特性Does not wear mating friction surfaces不磨损匹配的摩擦面 Di

31、sadvantages劣势Easy to Abuse易过度使用 Coefficient Drops when Clutch gets Hot due to Abuse当过度使用产生热量时,摩擦系数下降 Wear increases when clutch gets Hot due to Abuse当过度使用产生热量时磨损上升.Ceramic Facing Material陶瓷材料Advantages优势Good Wear Characteristics好的磨损特性Difficult to Abuse不易被过度使用 Coefficient remains the same when the cl

32、utch gets Hot due to Abuse当过度使用产生热量时摩擦系数不变 Wear is the same when clutch gets Hot due to Abuse当过度使用产生热量时,磨损相同 Disadvantages劣势Engagement Quality not as good as Organic接合质量不如有机材料Will wear the mating friction surfaces将磨损相匹配的摩擦面3737Friction Material Knowledge摩擦材料知识Important Information!重要信息All Friction M

33、aterials are not the Same!不是所有的摩擦材料都相同 Coefficient of Friction摩擦系数 Engagement Quality接合质量 Wear Rate磨损率 Abuse Resistant抵抗过度使用能力3838 Wear Rate vs Temperture020406080100120140160180100150200250300350Temperature (deg C)Wear rate (mm3/MJ)Sample 1Sample 2Sample 3Example - Organic Material 例子例子 - 有机材料有机材料3

34、939Softens the modulation between disengaged and engaged conditions for improved vehicle controllability. Required in most European countries.使分离与接合更为柔和，提高车辆操作性能.在大多数的欧洲国家被要求.Cushioned Facings带波形垫摩擦面4040Combined Spring Load x Radial Distance = Damper Torque合成弹簧力 x 径向距离 = 减振器扭矩Distance距离距离Spring Load

35、弹簧力弹簧力Torsional Damper扭转减振器4141Damper Torque Hub Rotation = Torsional Rate减振弹簧扭矩减振弹簧扭矩 花键毂旋转角度花键毂旋转角度 = 扭转刚度扭转刚度Torsional Damper扭转减振弹簧扭转减振弹簧4242Disc B盘BDisc A盘ADesired Capacity期望扭矩容量Rotation旋转角度Torque扭矩 Disc A reaches the desired torque value in a small amount of rotation,盘A在一个小的旋转下就达到期望的扭矩值. Disc B

36、 achieves the same torque value but requires far more rotation,盘B获得同样的扭矩值要求更大的旋转角度 Disc B is referred to as a “soft rate” or a “long travel” (LTD) damper.盘B被称作“软刚度”或“长行程”减振弹簧Torsional Damper扭转减振弹簧4343Disc BDisc ARotationTorque spikeWhy use a “soft rate” damper ?为什么用“软刚度”减振器?A soft damper provides im

37、proved protection against driveline torsional vibration.软刚度减振器更好地保护传动系对抗扭转振动In this example showing a torque spike, we can see that “disc A” has far less hub rotation than “disc B”, for the same change in torque load.本例中,在相同的扭矩变化时“盘A”比“盘B”有更小的旋转量.It is the increase in hub rotation, for a given chang

38、e in torque, that “softens” the impact on the rest of the driveline, where the damper springs absorb most of the energy. (Consider your cars suspension when driving down a road with potholes).相同的扭矩变化,花键毂旋转量增加时,“软化”使传动轴得到更好保护,因减振弹簧吸收了大部分的能量(考虑汽车的悬架,当驶过道路坑道时).Torsional Damper扭转减振器4444Pre-Damper预减振弹簧Re

39、fers to a stage prior to main damper travel.在主减振器行程之前起作用Used to isolate engine torsionals at idle speed, when transmission is in neutral, often referred to as “idle rattle”.可以隔绝发动机怠速,变速箱空档时的发动机扭振,所谓的“怠速噪音”Two types:两种型式 Spring Loaded弹簧载荷 Free Travel (in disc hub)自由行程(在盘毂上)Main Damper SpringPre-dampe

40、r SpringRotates relative to disc4545Terminology Review术语回顾Bottoming Load底部扭矩底部扭矩Torque that the internal stop of the damper goes solid.减振弹簧内部压紧变成刚性时的扭矩.Damper Rates减振弹簧刚度减振弹簧刚度The amount of torque per degrees traveled每转一度的扭矩值Hysteresis阻尼阻尼Internal Friction that is designed in the damper.被设计在减振器上的内部摩

41、擦46460-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012DEGREES角度TORQUE扭矩Bottoming TorqueDamper Rate = HysteresisFree TravelorPredamperTravelBottoming TorqueTravelDriven Disc Assembly从动盘总成4747430mm Clutch Release Bearings430mm离合器分离轴承4848Inform and compare various 430mm Clutch release bearing designs了解和比较不同的430mm离合器分离轴承Include

42、s attachment methods to the Diaphragm Spring包括搭接到膜片弹簧上的方法Introduction介绍4949Bellhousing离合器壳Release Bearing分离轴承Yoke分离拨叉Cross-shaft拨叉轴Quill前轴承盖Typical 430mm Clutch Arrangement典型430mm离合器布置5050Quill Type前轴承盖型式:Internal bushing does not contact input shaft but is guided by transmissions quill内衬套不接触输入轴但由变速

43、箱前轴承盖导向Bushing only has to survive linear motion; Therefore it can be a high-temperature, self-lubricating composite material衬套只保证直线运动;因此它用耐高温、自润滑合成材料Similar bushing arrangements are commonly used world-wide by others相似的轴承布置方式通常会被世界范围内其他厂家使用430mm Clutch Bearing Arrangement430mm离合器轴承布置 2008 Eaton Cor

44、poration. All rights reserved.Eaton Fuller 430mm Bearing Configuration伊顿伊顿430mm轴承配置轴承配置Permanent Attached非快速拆卸非快速拆卸&Quick Attached快速拆卸快速拆卸5252Typical 430mm Bearing Assy. Drawing典型430mm轴承总成图3. Bearing Snap Ring 轴承夹紧环7. Bushing Snap Ring 衬套卡簧4. Bearing轴承6. Wave Spring 波形弹簧9. Bushing 衬套8. Release B

45、earing Housing分离轴承壳1. Spiralwave Pre-Load Spring 螺旋波形预紧弹簧2. Spring Snap Ring 弹簧卡环5353430mm Bearing Assy. Drawing 轴承总成图Permanent Attached Bearing非快速拆卸式5454Installed on Clutch Assembly before Installation on Engines Flywheel在离合器装配到发动机飞轮之前把轴承装到离合器总成上Internal groove and Snap Ring retains Fulcrum Ring fr

46、om moving axially.将卡环卡到内槽上防止支撑环轴向移动Transmits actuation load from Release Bearing to Diaphragm Spring将助力泵推力从分离轴承传递到膜片弹簧Components of the 430mm Eaton Permanent Attached Bearing伊顿非快速拆卸轴承部件5555430mm Bearing Assy. Drawing轴承总成图Quick Attached Bearing快速拆卸轴承5656Quick Clip with “ears”带“耳”的快速夹紧卡环StampedFulcrum

47、 Ring冲压支承环Retaining Wire保持环(No Pre-Load generated)(不产生预紧力)Current Style of Fulcrum Ring Assembly支承环总成当前型式5757Sometimes called “wire clip”有时称作“金属夹”“Snaps” over BEARINGs snout during installation装配时锁住轴承猪嘴Connects FULCRUM RING and BEARING together将支承环和轴承连接在一起Must withstand actuation load during service

48、 life在工作时必须经受住分离力Releases from BEARING snout when unlatched 当夹子不闭锁时从轴承猪嘴上松开Components of the 430mm Eaton Bearing Quick Clip伊顿轴承快速夹紧夹子部件5858Mechanical Rod or Cable机械杆式或拉索式Hydraulic液压式Boosted Hydraulic液压助力式Note: Linkage design dictates clutch release travel.注:分离系统设计要规定分离行程Release Linkage Types分离系统型式5959Connects the cab pedal to clutch without any flexible couplings.从踏板到离合器无任何柔性联结Can not compensate for changes in the clutch release bearing position.不能补偿离合器轴承位置变化Hence requires linkage free play to