中南大学研究生英语pptliuandlin

1、By:XXXXX Student ID:， Introduction of Academic Papers The writing process Points to Consider Matters needing attention1234p Academic papers They are also known as term papers, research papers or college papers refers to those papers which reach a particular objective or analysis, provided by past in

2、ferences or factual data. Method of study for conducting academic research.Types of Academic Papers Social Science papers （社会科学论文）Comprehensive scientific papers（综合科学论文） Natural Science papers（自然科学论文）Technology Development Research papers（技术开发研究论文）Question 1：What kind of the following paper belongs

3、to？ paper1 Paper2Main stagesprewritingplanningData collection and organizationWriting and revisingprewritingDetermine what you will write about.planningOrganize the ideas generated by brainstorming into an outline.Data collection and organizationCollect information such as data, statistics, quotatio

4、ns and so on.Writing and revisingLanguage should be clear, concise and academic.Ideas should be coherent and substantially supported.Organization should be logical.1Begin As Soon As Possible.2Craft an Outline.3Gather Resources.4Skim Through Your Materials.5List Your Selected Sources in Short.6Create

5、 a Rough Working Template (templet模板 )for Your Research Work. 7Assemble Your Knowledge Systematically.8Work on Your Analysis and Conclusion.1Patterns of organization2Language translation Third Person Approach and use passive voice （English paper）Make Claims Only on the Basis of Hypothetical Inferenc

6、es, Data Analysis and Scientific Deduction Formal and Neutral Approach Keep Your Sentence Structure Simple and Logical Avoid Slang（sl俚语） and Jargon（d:gn行话）1)2)3)4)5)3The linguistic style4The formatThe mainformat OfAcademic paperTitle PageTable of ContentsAbstract/SummaryReview of Literature / Backgr

7、ound AnalysisBody (Main Thesis)ConclusionBibliography（reference）Among the abstract，body and conclusion，which do you think is the most difficult to write in your paper？My answer：the abstract maybe is the most difficult to write.because all things are difficult before they are easy.1Be Precise.2An Aid to Readers Memory.3Relate Your Conclusion to the Subject.4Emphasize the Shortcomings in your Conclusion.5Give Suggest