解剖学课件 双语3

1、 The skull is composed of 23 bones, which may be divided into the cerebral cranium脑颅脑颅and facial cranium 面颅面颅 Skull颅颅Cerebral cranium 脑颅脑颅 (8) larger, upper and posterior part, contains and protects the brainnSingle bones: include qfrontal bone 额骨额骨 qethmoid bone 筛骨筛骨qsphenoid bone 蝶骨蝶骨qoccipital bo

2、ne 枕骨枕骨nPaired bones: includeqtemporal bone 颞骨颞骨qparietal bone 顶骨顶骨 Skull颅颅Bones of facial cranium 面颅骨面颅骨(15) smaller, lower, and anterior part, contains bones that surrounded the eye, nose and mouthnSingle bones: includeqmandible下颌骨下颌骨 qvomer 犁骨犁骨qhyoid bone 舌骨舌骨nPaired bones: includeqmaxilla 上颌骨上颌

3、骨qnasal bone 鼻骨鼻骨 qlacrimal bone 泪骨泪骨 qpalatine bone 腭骨腭骨qzygomatic bone 颧骨颧骨 qinferior nasal concha 下鼻甲下鼻甲Bones of facial cranium 面颅骨面颅骨面颅上颌为中心，上鼻泪，下下颌，面颅上颌为中心，上鼻泪，下下颌，外颧内甲后犁腭，舌骨颈前单落脚。外颧内甲后犁腭，舌骨颈前单落脚。Frontal boneZygomatic boneNasal boneMaxilla MandibleSphenoid bone parietal bone Temporal boneOccipi

4、tal bone Mandible下颌骨下颌骨Body of mandible nSuperior border: alveolar arch 牙槽弓牙槽弓 nInferior border: base of mandible 下颌底下颌底nOuter surface: mental protuberance 颏隆凸颏隆凸nMental foramen 颏孔颏孔nInner surface: mental spine 颏棘颏棘nDigastric fossa 二腹肌窝二腹肌窝Mandible下颌骨下颌骨RamusnMandibular notch下颌切迹下颌切迹nCoronoid proces

5、s 冠突冠突nCondylar process 髁突髁突qhead of mandible下颌头下颌头 qneck of mandible下颌颈下颌颈nMandibular foramen 下颌孔下颌孔nMandibular lingula下颌小舌下颌小舌nAngle of mandible下颌角下颌角nMasseteric tuberocity 咬肌粗隆咬肌粗隆The skull as a whole 颅的整体观颅的整体观Skull viewed from above (superior view)nBones: qfrontal bone 额骨额骨qpaired parietal bone

6、 顶骨顶骨qoccipital bone 枕骨枕骨nSutures: qCoronal suture 冠状缝冠状缝qSagittal suture 矢状缝矢状缝 qLambdoid suture 人字缝人字缝nparietal tuber 顶结节顶结节 nparietal foramen 顶孔顶孔Skull viewed from above (superior view)Internal surface of the calvaria nsulcus for superior sagittal sinus上矢状窦沟上矢状窦沟ngranular foveola 颗粒小凹颗粒小凹 narteri

7、al grooves 动脉沟动脉沟Skull viewed from behind nExternal occipital protuberance 枕外隆凸枕外隆凸nSuperior nuchal line 上项线上项线nInferior nuchal line 下项线下项线Internal view of base of skull 颅底内面观颅底内面观Base of skull forms three fossae nAnterior cranial fossa 颅前窝颅前窝nMiddle cranial fossa 颅中窝颅中窝nPosterior cranial fossa 颅后窝颅

8、后窝 Internal view of base of skull 颅底内面观颅底内面观Anterior cranial fossa 颅前窝颅前窝 Formed by orbital part of frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid, and lesser wings of sphenoidStructures: nfrontal crest 额嵴额嵴 nforamen cecum 盲孔盲孔 ncrista galli 鸡冠鸡冠 ncribriform plate 筛板筛板 ncribriform foramina 筛孔筛孔Meddle cra

9、nial fossa 颅中窝颅中窝 Formed by the body and greater wings of sphenoid, petrous part of temporalStructures:nBody of sphenoid bone 蝶骨体蝶骨体 nHypophysial fossa 垂体窝垂体窝 nOptic canal 视神经管视神经管 nAnterior clinoid process 前床突前床突 nTuberculum sellae 鞍结节鞍结节 nDorsum sellae 鞍背鞍背 nPosterior clinoid process 后床突后床突 nSella

10、 turcica 蝶鞍蝶鞍 Meddle cranial fossa 颅中窝颅中窝nCarotid sulcus 颈动脉沟颈动脉沟 nSuperior orbital fissure 眶上裂眶上裂nForamen rotundum 圆孔圆孔 nForamen ovale 卵圆孔卵圆孔 nForamen spinosum 棘孔棘孔nSulcus for middle meningeal artery 脑膜中动脉沟脑膜中动脉沟nForamen lacerum 破裂孔破裂孔 nInternal opening of carotid canal 颈脉管内口颈脉管内口nTrigeminal impres

11、sion 三叉神经压迹三叉神经压迹nArcuate eminence 弓状隆起弓状隆起nTegmen tympani 鼓室盖鼓室盖 Posterior cranial fossa 颅后窝颅后窝 Formed by occipital and the petrous part of temporalStructures: nforamen magnum 枕骨大孔枕骨大孔 nclivus 斜坡斜坡 ninternal opening of hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管内口舌下神经管内口 ninternal occipital protuberance 枕内隆凸枕内隆凸ninter

12、nal occipital crest 枕内嵴枕内嵴 nsulcus for transverse sinus 横窦沟横窦沟 nsulcus for sigmoid sinus 乙状窦沟乙状窦沟 njugular foramen 颈静脉孔颈静脉孔 ninternal acoustic pore 内耳门内耳门ninternal acoustic meatus 内耳道内耳道Skull viewed from below (inferior view)nalveolar arch 牙槽弓牙槽弓nbony palate 骨腭骨腭nmedian palatine suture 腭正中缝腭正中缝ninci

13、sive foramina 切牙孔切牙孔nincisive canal 切牙管切牙管ngreater palatine foramen 腭大孔腭大孔nposterior nasal apertures 鼻后孔鼻后孔npterygoid process 翼突翼突noccipital condyle 枕髁枕髁nexternal opening of hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管外口舌下神经管外口nexternal opening of carotid canal 颈动脉管外口颈动脉管外口nstyloid process 茎突茎突nstylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔茎

14、乳孔nmandibular fossa 下颌窝下颌窝narticular tubercle 关节结节关节结节 Lateral view of the skull 颅侧面观颅侧面观Lateral view of the skull 颅侧面观颅侧面观nInfratemporal fossa 颞下窝颞下窝npterygomaxillary fissure 翼上颌裂翼上颌裂 npterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝翼腭窝 nsphenopalatine foramen 蝶腭孔蝶腭孔 Skull viewed from the front (anterior view)颅的前面观颅的前面观F

15、rontal region: nfrontal squama 额鳞额鳞 nfrontal tuber 额结节额结节 nsuperciliary arch 眉弓眉弓 nglabella 眉间眉间Orbit 眶眶pyramid-shaped paired cavitiesnBase: supraorbital notch 眶上切迹眶上切迹 infraorbital foramen 眶下孔眶下孔nApex: optic canal 视神经管视神经管nWalls qSuperior: fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝泪腺窝qMedial: fossa for lacrimal

16、sac 泪囊窝泪囊窝qInferior: infraorbital fissure 眶下裂眶下裂 qinfraorbital groove 眶下沟眶下沟 qinfraorbital canal 眶下管眶下管Bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔骨性鼻腔nRoof: cribriform plate of ethmoidnFloor: bony palatenMedial wall bony septum of nose nLateral wall qSuperior, middle and inferior nasal conchae 上、中、下鼻甲上、中、下鼻甲qSuperior, m

17、iddle and inferior nasal meatus (underlying each concha) 上、中、下鼻道上、中、下鼻道qSphenoethmoidal recess 蝶筛隐窝蝶筛隐窝 above superior nasal conchanAnterior piriform aperture 梨状孔梨状孔nPosterior posterior nasal aperture 鼻后孔鼻后孔 communicates with pharynxParanasal sinuses 鼻旁窦鼻旁窦nFrontal sinus 额窦额窦qLies in frontal bone, d

18、eep to superciliary archqDrain to anterior part of middle meatusParanasal sinuses 鼻旁窦鼻旁窦nMaxillary sinus 上颌窦上颌窦qLargest paired sinus, lie in the body of maxilla;qOpening into middle nasal meatus Paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦鼻旁窦nEthmoidal cellules 筛窦筛窦q Lie in ethmoidal bone, contains large number of air cel

19、ls, divided into anterior, middle and posterior groupsqAnterior and middle groups drain into middle nasal meatus, while posterior group drains into superior nasal meatusParanasal sinuses 鼻旁窦鼻旁窦nSphenoidal sinus 蝶窦蝶窦qLies in body of sphenoid boneqDrain into sphenoethmoidal recessGeneral characters of the skull at birth新生儿颅的特征新生儿颅的特征nThe skull at birth is large in proportion to rest of the skeleton 1/4 (adult