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1、网络有哪些适合做营销产品5 Gase 5.1 properties of Gases 5.2 The Ideal Gas Equation 5.3 Daltons Law of Partial Pressure 5.4 The kinetic-Molecular Theory5.1 properties of Gases5.1.1 about P,V,T of gases5.1.2 Ideal gasesDiffuse and effuse 具有扩散性和可压缩性The basic characteristics of gasPressurePascal -PaatmmmHg Volume an

2、d TemperatureStandard Temperture and PressureStandard Temperture: 0 or 273.15KStandard Pressure: 760mmHg or 1atm (1.01325 105Pa)The Ideal Gas物理模型 A gas that behaves exactly as described by the ideal gas equation is called an ideal gas. 理想气体分子之间没有相互吸引和排斥，分子本身的体积相对于气体所占有体积完全可以忽略。NO real gases are idea

3、l 5.2 The Ideal Gas EquationpV = nRT R- a proportionality constantSTP，p =101.325kPa, T=273.15Kn=1.0 mol, Vm=22.414L=22.41410-3m3R=8.314 kPaLK-1mol-15.2.1 Using the Ideal Gas Equation to Solve Problems1. Calculating one of the four parameters (p, V, T, n ) Scope of Application： a real gas that not lo

4、w temperature and pressure is not too high.pV = nRT2. calculating molar mass of gasM = Mr gmol-13. The gas density calculation = = m / V5.2.2The calculation of the volume of gas例:为了行车的平安，可在汽车中装备上空气袋，防止碰撞时司机受到伤害。这种空气袋是用氮气充胀起来的，所用的氮气是由叠氮化钠与三氧化二铁在火花的引发下反响生成的。总反响是：6NaN3+Fe2O3(s) 3Na2O(s)+2Fe(s)+9N2(g)在2

5、5。748mmHg下，要产生75.0L的N2，计算需要叠氮化钠的质量。 6NaN3+Fe2O3(s) 3Na2O(s)+2Fe(s)+9N2(g)6mol 9molMr(NaN3)=65.01 P=748mmHg=99.73kPa T=298Km(NaN3)=390.06g V(N2)=223.6Lm(NaN3)=？ V(N2)=75.0Lm(NaN3)= =131g5.3 Daltons Law of Partial Pressure 3.1 Daltons Law of Partial Pressure 3.2 vapor pressure3.3 Application of Partia

6、l pressurecomponent gas ： The ideal gas mixture for each gas called component gas Partial pressure: The pressure of each gas in a mixture is called the partial pressure.3.1 Daltons Law of Partial PressureDaltons Law of Partial Pressures The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of

7、 the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture : p = p1 + p2 + or p = pB n =n1+ n2+ x B B的摩尔分数3.2 vapor pressurePtotal=Pgas + Pwater vaporThe pressure of water vapor formed by evaporation of water in aclosed container depends only on the temperature of the water and is called the vapo

8、r pressure3.3 Application of Partial pressure Sample problem: 可以用亚硝酸铵受热分解的方法制取纯氮气。反响如下： NH4NO2(s) 2H2O(g) + N2(g)If T:19、P:97.8kPa，以排水集气法在水面上收集到的氮气体积为4.16L，计算消耗掉的亚硝酸铵的质量。solution： T=273+19K=292K p=97.8kPa V=4.16L292K 时，pH2O=2.20kPaMr (NH4NO2)=64.04n(N2)=0.164molNH4NO2(s) 2H2O(g) + N2(g)64.04g 1molm(

9、NH4NO2)=? 0.164mol m(NH4NO2)= =10.5g例题 氧是人类维持生命的必需气体，缺氧生命就会死亡，过剩的氧会使人致病，只有在氧气的分压维持21kPa才能使人体维持正常代谢过程。在潜水员自身携带的水下呼吸器中充有氧气和氦气He在血液中溶解度很小，N2的溶解度大，可使人得气栓病 某潜水员潜至海水30m处作业，海水的密度为1.03gcm-3，温度为20。在这种条件下，假设维持O2、He混合气中p(O2)=21kPa氧气的体积分数为多少？以1.000L混合气体为基准，计算氧气的分体积和氦的质量。重力加速度取9.807m/s2解：T=273+20K=293K海水深30m处的压力

10、是由30m高的海水和海面的大气共同产生。海面上的空气压力为760mmHg，那么p=g hw+ =9.807 m/s2 1.03103kgcm-330m+101kPa=3.03103 kgcm-1 s-2 +101kPa =303kPa+101kPa =404kPa假设混合气体体积为1.000L时，5.4 The kinetic-Molecular TheoryGrahams Law of EffusionRate of effusion of gas1 (MM gas 2 )1/2 = r Rate of effusion of gas1 (MM gas 1)1/2real gasesThe

11、behavior of real and ideal gases Van der Waals Equation5.4.1 The behavior of real and ideal gases 理想气体状态方程式仅在足够低压力下适合于真实气体。 产生偏差的主要原因是:气体分子本身的体积的影响分子间力的影响5.4.2 van der Waals Equationa,b分别称为van der waals常量。(V-nb)=Videal等于气体分子运动的自由空间b:Correction for volume of molecules为 分子间吸引力正比于(n/V)2 内压力 p=a(n/V)2 pideal=preal+a(n/V)2Table5-1 Some van der Waals ConstantsSa