大学英语第四学期课件Unit-8

1、应用型大学英语综合教程上海交通大学出版社 应用型大学英语系列教材Book 4Application-oriented College English Course上海交通大学出版社 Language in Use Enhancement of Language Abilities Unit EightTable of Contents Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext2上海交通大学出版社 Focus1 contentStarterText: The danger of lying in bed Working with words and phrasesD

2、iscussionPractice: interpretingPractice: translationPractice: writingSurfing the InternetHighlightsTable of ContentsPart 1 Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext3上海交通大学出版社 focus1highlightsHighlightsS: Insurance programsL: Brief introduction to insuranceR: The danger of lying in bed W: Patterns of organ

3、ization (6): opinion essay: argumentationInternet work: Searching for reasons for buying insurance Part 1 Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext4InsuranceClick the picture to get an insurance ad.5Whats the definition of insurance? How does it work?What are the types of insurance programs?Click the pict

4、ure to get brief introduction to insurance.6B. Listen to a short passage and answer the following questions according to what youve heard.focus1starter上海交通大学出版社 1. StarterBackNextMind Maphedge vi. 避免损失contingent a. 偶然发生的，意外的transfer n. 转移policy n. 保险单premium n. 保险费 7focus1starter上海交通大学出版社 1. Starter

5、BackNextInsurance is a form of _ primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as _ of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium, and can be thought of as _ to prevent a large, possibly devastating loss. It can be divided into gen

6、eral insurance and life insurance.General insurance, including _, provides payments depending on the loss from a particular financial event. General insurance typically comprises any insurance that is not determined to be life insurance.Life insurance is a contract between _, where the insurer agree

7、s to pay a sum of money upon the occurrence of the insured individuals or individuals death or other event, such as_. In return, the policy owner agrees to pay a stipulated amount called a premium at_.risk management the fair and reasonable transfera guaranteed small loss automobile and homeowners p

8、olicies the policy owner and the insurer terminal illness or critical illness regular intervals or in lump sums8focus1starter上海交通大学出版社 1. StarterBackNextInsurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the fair and reasonab

9、le transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium, and can be thought of as a guaranteed small loss to prevent a large, possibly devastating loss. It can be divided into general insurance and life insurance.General insurance, including automobile and homeowners

10、 policies, provides payments depending on the loss from a particular financial event. General insurance typically comprises any insurance that is not determined to be life insurance.Life insurance is a contract between the policy owner and the insurer, where the insurer agrees to pay a sum of money

11、upon the occurrence of the insured individuals or individuals death or other event, such as terminal illness or critical illness. In return, the policy owner agrees to pay a stipulated amount called a premium at regular intervals or in lump sums.9Insurance is a form of risk management primarily used

12、 to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the fair and reasonable transfer of the risk of a loss, in exchange for a premium, and can be thought of as a guaranteed small loss to prevent a large, possibly devastating loss.10Insurance programslife insurancehealth/medical

13、insuranceaccident insuranceauto insurancerobbery insurancefire insurancemarine insuranceunemployment insurancebusiness insuranceinvestment insurance人寿险健康险/医疗险事故保险汽车保险盗窃保险火（灾保）险海上保险失业保险商业保险投资保险11luggage insurancepassenger insuranceproperty insuranceresidence insurancesickness insurancesocial insuranc

14、eeducation insuranceearthquake insuranceflood insurancematernity insuranceold age insurance行李保险旅客保险财产保险住家保险疾病保险社会保险教育保险地震保险洪水保险生育保险老年保险12上海交通大学出版社 BackNext1. Starterfocus1starterA. Suppose you are in one of the following occupations, which insurance program(s) listed below would you choose for yours

15、elf? Why? OccupationInsurance Programmanual workerlife insurancefarmerhealth / medical insurancebusinessmanaccident insurancedriverauto insurancestudentrobbery insuranceteacherfire insuranceathletemarine insurancepolicemanunemployment insurancesoldierbusiness insuranceactorinvestment insuranceFor Re

16、ference AnswerClick Here13上海交通大学出版社 BackNext1. Starterfocus1starterI have been a driver for more than twenty years and auto insurance is my No. 1 choice. With the boom of the car industry and the increasing number of car owners, there are more chances of having a car accident. It is good that auto i

17、nsurance covers not only damage to cars and loss from theft but also injuries to pedestrians, passengers, and drivers.Health insurance is my No. 2 choice. No one can protect themselves from being ill. Due to the high cost of medical treatment, a severe illness could put most of us in severe financia

18、l trouble should we have no health insurance.14Insurance Part Two 1. Dialogue: purchasing insurance2. Text: Life Insurance Process Flow15Do you remember this accident that happened in Wenzhou?Watch the video and talk about your favourite way of traveling. /v/b/59011020-2191436940.html16Discussion:Is

19、 it necessary to invest in accident insurance?Accidents dont just happen on the roads. They can occur in your office, while travelling or entertaining, or even at home while doing everyday chores.17Mark Twain (November 30, 1835 April 21, 1910), was an American author andhumorist. He is most noted fo

20、r his novels,The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(1876), and itssequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1885), the latter often called theGreat American Novel. 18The Danger of Lying in BedThe title of the text suggest that lying in bed is dangerous. The fact that most people lie in bed before they die leads

21、to the belief that lying in bed causes people to die. This belief is an example of informal fallacy of false cause (因果谬误) and can be as much as error as to believe that roosters crow at sunrise every day the roosters therefore cause the sun to rise. The story was told in a serious tone as if the per

22、son telling the story didnt know that he was funny, but we could still sense the authors humor. This is in accordance with Mark Twains belief that the art of humor is in the telling of the story. He usually tells stories in a “rambling and disjointed” fashion and pretends that he does not know that

23、they are funny at all.躺在床上的危险19focus1text 上海交通大学出版社 BackNextText Organization20focus1text 上海交通大学出版社 Text OrganizationBackNext21focus1text 上海交通大学出版社 BackNextText Organization22Scan the text and answer the following questions. 1. Would you take seriously the advice of buying a package of insurance tic

24、kets for staying at home, and sitting up nights? Why?2. What does the author intend to reveal to us in the story?23focus1text Would you take seriously the advice of buying a package of insurance tickets for staying at home, and sitting up nights? Why?Normally, I would not take the advice seriously.

25、The author was being humorous when he gave the advice. The home is regarded as the place for us to relax after a days hard work. It is like a harbor protecting us from all the stress outside. It is not that risky to stay at home actually. Moreover, buying insurance to stay at home would surely cost

26、a great deal of money, because most people spend a lot of time at home. As for the advice to sit up nights, it is even more ridiculous, because we human beings simply cannot live a normal life without enough sleep.上海交通大学出版社 BackNext2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed24focus1text What does the author

27、 intend to reveal to us in the story?The author intends to reveal to us that thoughtless people grumble more than is fair about railroad management in the United States, and that it is unwise to invest money in the insurance business.上海交通大学出版社 BackNext2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed25focus1text

28、1. Why did the narrator want to buy an accident insurance ticket for the next day when he didnt plan to travel?Because the narrator believed that it was relatively safer to go traveling by rail than to stay at home.上海交通大学出版社 BackNext2. Why did the man in the ticket office look puzzled?Normally, peop

29、le would buy accident insurance tickets when they went traveling, and they would not need one when they stayed at home. But the narrators behavior went contrary to common sense he wanted an insurance ticket for lying in bed as opposed to traveling by rail, and that seemed something quite abnormal to

30、 the man in the ticket office.Part one: the setting of the story (Paras.1-4)confused; bewildered26 1 The man in the ticket office said, “Have an accident insurance ticket, also?” 2 “No,” I said, after studying the matter over a little. “No, I believe not; I am going to be traveling by rail all day t

31、oday. However, tomorrow I dont travel. Give me one for tomorrow.”focus1text2. Text: The Danger of Lying in BedTranslation躺在床上的危险1 售票处的售票员问我：“意外险要不要也买一份？” 2 “不，”我考虑了一会儿后回答道，“我想不用了，今天我要坐一天火车。不过，明天我不旅行，给我来张明天的吧。” 上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Note that the word “also” is usually used before the main verb or after

32、 the linking verb in a sentence, but occasionally it may also be used at the end of a sentence or even at the beginning of a sentence. e.g. I will have cream, and sugar also. I believe not: I believe that I wont have an accident insurance ticket.The word “not” here is used after “believe” to replace

33、 a negative clause beginning with “that”.Similarly: I hope not; I am afraid not; I guess not.cf. I dont think so. In this sentence, the present indefinite tense is used to indicate that something will happen according to the arrangement / plan.e.g. Their delegation arrives here tomorrow. School begi

34、ns the day after tomorrow. 27 3 The man looked puzzled. He said, “But it is for accident insurance, and if you are going to travel by rail ” 4 “If I am going to travel by rail I shouldnt need it. Lying at home in bed is the thing I am afraid of.”focus1textTranslation3 售票员一脸迷茫。他说：“这保的可是意外事故险，如果您要坐火车旅

35、行的话” 4 “如果我是坐火车旅行，就不需要买保险。我怕的是在家里躺在床上。” 上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Questions about Paras. 1-4 Note that the word “should” in this sentence is used to give tentative opinions.2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed28Para. 5 I had been looking into this matter.Paras. 5-7 Narrators own experienceLast year20,000 mi

36、lesAlmost entirely by railThe year before lastOver 25,000milesHalf by sea and half by railThe year before thatIn the neighborhood of 10,000 milesExclusively by railAll the little odd journeysTotal: 60,000milesAND NEVER AN ACCIDENT.in the neighborhood of: a little more or a little less than a particu

37、lar number or amount; approximatelye.g. The painting is worth something in the neighborhood of $3000. 295 I had been looking into this matter. Last year I traveled twenty thousand miles, almost entirely by rail; the year before, I traveled over twenty-five thousand miles, half by sea and half by rai

38、l; and the year before that I traveled in the neighborhood of ten thousand miles, exclusively by rail. I suppose if I put in all the little odd journeys here and there, I may say I have traveled sixty thousand miles during the three years I have mentioned. AND NEVER AN ACCIDENT.focus1textTranslation

39、5 之前我一直在研究这个问题。去年我的行程有两万英里，几乎全是坐火车；前年行程有两万五千多英里，一半乘船一半坐火车；大前年大约是一万英里，全部坐火车。我想，如果再把零零散散的行程加起来的话，这三年当中，我的行程已达六万英里，而且从没出过意外。 上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Paras. 5-7 Narrators own experience30 6 For a good while I said to myself every morning: “Now I have escaped thus far, and so the chances are just that much in

40、creased that I shall catch it this time. I will be shrewd, and buy an accident ticket.” And to a dead moral certainty I drew a blank, and went to bed that night without a joint started or a bone splintered. I got tired of that sort of daily bother, and fell to buying accident tickets that were good

41、for a month. I said to myself, “A man cant buy thirty blanks in one bundle.”focus1textTranslation6 有好一阵子，我每天早晨都会自言自语：“到目前为止，所有的意外我都逃过了，那么这次让我撞上意外的机率又大了点。现在我得聪明点，给自己买一份意外险。”但是，一切还是白搭。晚上我上床睡觉时还是好手好脚的，既没脱臼也没骨折。这样日复一日，我也厌烦了，于是，我索性一次购买了可以保上一个月的意外事故险。我对自己说：“一次买三十张，总不见得都是空票。” 上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Meaning: I

42、have avoided many accidents so far, so the probability of my being caught in an accident this time has much increased. I will be wise and sensible enough to buy an accident ticket before traveling. 注意文中的“the chances are.”与固定搭配“(the) chances are (that) + 从句”不同，后者意思是“it is likely that (有可能)”。e.g. Chan

43、ces are that they will travel by car. Chances are that you will be fired if you ignore the bosss warning. shrewd: a. 1) 高明的；判断准确的e.g. He is a shrewd merchant and knows where his profit is. I have a shrewd idea who the mysterious caller was. 2) 狡猾的e.g. Hes a shrewd lawyer who knows all the tricks. Me

44、aning: It is quite sure that nothing happened to me, and I went to bed that night safe and sound. Meaning: I was fed up with being bothered by such things every day, and began to buy accident tickets that lasted for a month. dead: ad. 完全地，绝对地 e.g. Having driven for ten hours without a break, Im now

45、dead tired. Im dead sure that she failed the job interview. moral certainty: 确信无疑的把握，绝对的把握e.g. The teacher told him that it was a moral certainty that hed pass the exam. draw a blank: 白搭；失败；抽空签e.g. I tried looking him up in the directory but I drew a blank. She tried to make him recognize her, but d

46、rew a blank. start: vi./vt. （使）松动，脱开e.g. The doctor suspected that the joints of his right wrist had been started in the collision. fall to (doing sth.): 开始做某事e.g. She fell to brooding about what had happened to her. 2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed到目前为止，所有的意外我都逃过了，那么这次让我撞上意外的机率又大了点。现在我得聪明点，给自己买一

47、份意外险。31focus1text 7 But I was mistaken. There was never a prize in the lot. I could read of railway accidents every day the newspaper atmosphere was foggy with them; but somehow they never came my way. I found I had spent a good deal of money in the accident business, and had nothing to show for it.

48、 (To be continued)Translation7 然而我错了，我从没中过任何彩头。我每天都能从报纸上读到铁路事故。尽管报纸上的报道总是云里雾里的，可不知怎的，这些事故从未降临到我头上。我发现自己投在保险上的钱不少，却连个气泡也没看见。 上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Meaning: I found that I had spent a lot of money in buying accident insurance tickets, but I made no profit at all. (have) nothing / something to show for st

49、h.: 在方面没/有结果，在方面没/有成绩e.g. All those years of hard work, and nothing to show for it. 2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed32focus1textMy suspicions were aroused, and I began to hunt around for somebody that had won in this lottery. I found plenty of people who had invested, but not an individual that h

50、ad ever had an accident or made a cent. I stopped buying accident tickets and went to ciphering. The result was astounding. THE PERIL LAY NOT IN TRAVELING, BUT IN STAYING AT HOME.Translation我不免心生疑窦，开始到处寻访中了彩头的人，结果发现投资的人虽然不少，但却没有一个人发生过意外或赚到一个铜板。从此，我不再购买意外险，而是做起了算术。结果令人大吃一惊：危险不在旅途上，而是在家中。 上海交通大学出版社 Ba

51、ckNext Question about Para. 72. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed33focus1text 3. What does “prize” in the sentence “There was never a prize in the lot” refer to?The word “prize” in this sentence refers to profit or reward from the accident business, after spending a good deal of money in it.上海交通大学出版社

52、 BackNext2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed34focus1textTranslation 上海交通大学出版社 BackNext Paras. 8-11 Confirmation of his suspicion with statistics and careful calculation Read this part and underline all the numbers, and then figure out what these numbers indicate.less than three hundred peoplelost th

53、eir lives by those disasters in the preceding twelve monthsforty-six or twenty-sixThe Erie road had killed so many people, double that of any other roadWhy?35eight passenger-trains each way every day 16 altogether, and carried a daily average of 6,000 personsthe Erie between New York and Rochestera

54、million in six months the population of New York Cityfrom 13 to 23 personsin the same time 13,000 of New Yorks million die in their bedsMy flesh crept, my hair stood on end. “This is appalling!” I said. “The danger isnt in traveling by rail, but in trusting to those deadly beds. I will never sleep i

55、n a bed again.”“My hair stood on end” is derived from the idiom “make ones hair stand on end” which means “to fill one with fright or horror (使人毛骨悚然)”.e.g. That horror movie made my hair stand on end. Meaning: I was terrified and said, “This is horrifying! The danger does not lie in traveling by tra

56、in, but in having faith in beds which will probably cause my death. I will never sleep in a bed again.”36It was plain that the entire road must transport at least eleven or twelve thousand people every day.an average of 2,500 passengers a day for each road in the country846 railway lines846 times 2,

57、500 is 2,115,000倍数的表达方式So the railways of America move more than two million people every day; six hundred and fifty million people a year, without counting the Sundays.37focus1text 8 I hunted up statistics, and was amazed to find that after all the glaring newspaper headlines concerning railroad di

58、sasters, less than three hundred people had really lost their lives by those disasters in the preceding twelve months. The Erie road was set down as the most murderous in the list. (To be continued)Translation8 我四处搜寻数据，结果惊奇地发现，尽管报纸上关于铁路事故的标题触目惊心，然而，在过去的十二个月里死于铁路灾难的人数还不足三百。榜单上最凶险的夺命线路是伊利线。 上海交通大学出版社

59、BackNext Paras. 8-11 Confirmation of his suspicion with statistics and careful calculation Erie Railroad （伊利铁路） was the former US railroad, running from New York City through the far south of New York state to Buffalo and on, around the southern shore of Lake Erie, to Chicago. The company was incorp

60、orated in 1832 as the New York and Erie Railroad, to connect the New York City area with the Great Lakes. 38focus1textIt had killed forty-six or twenty-six, I do not exactly remember which, but I know the number was double that of any other road. But the fact straightway suggested itself that the Er