工程伦理分析—桥梁坍塌通用PPT课件

1、工程伦理分析桥梁坍塌 Seongsu Bridgeby-Architectural Engineering Group 4反思 reflect工程伦理分析Ethics In Engineering事故原因cause事故概况Accident situation 1.大桥简介 Introduction 2.事故现场和伤亡情况 Accident Scene And Casualties 3.事故处理 Handling 01020304Contents目录建工学院第四小组小组成员 圣水（SungSoo）大桥位于韩国汉城东南，跨越汉江，是一座悬臂式的钢桁梁桥，全长1160m，有6个主孔，每孔的跨度为12

2、0m。倒塌发生在11号墩与12号墩之间的悬挂（48m）处，该悬臂式桁梁的悬挂跨与伸臂端是用铰作吊挂式连结的，这种铰接方式于20世纪60年代被广泛应用，但有一个缺点是结构缺乏赘余约束。 Sung-Soo Bridge is located in the southeast of Seoul, South Korea. It crosses the Han River. It is a cantilever steel truss bridge with a total length of 1160m and six main holes, each with a span of 120m. Th

3、e collapse occurred at the suspension (48m) between pier 11 and pier 12. The suspension span and the extension end of the cantilever truss beam are connected by hinges. This articulation method was widely used in the 1960s, but one drawback is that the structure lacks redundant constraints. 在跨越汉江的各座

4、桥梁中，圣水大桥是第一座从结构特性和美学上来考虑而设计成焊接桁梁桥。当时韩国限于施工条件，修建这样一座特殊形式的大跨度桥梁是比较困难的，但最终还是选用了这种形式。 Among the bridges across the Hanjiang River, Shengshui Bridge is the first one to be designed as a welded truss bridge considering its structural characteristics and aesthetics. At that time, Korea was limited to const

5、ruction conditions, so it was difficult to build such a special type of long-span bridge, but ultimately this type of bridge was chosen. 1994年10月21日，随着一声巨响，竣工通车15年的韩国圣水大桥中，一块长达48米的桥板从大桥中段落入江中，6辆汽车包括1辆载满学生及上班族的巴士和1辆载满警员前往庆祝会场地的客货车跌进汉江，导致32人死亡，17人重伤。 On October 21, 1994, with a loud noise, a 48-meter-

6、long bridge slab fell into the river from the middle of the Shengshui Bridge in Korea, which was completed and opened for 15 years. Six cars, including a bus full of students and office workers and a bus full of police officers, fell into the Han River, causing 32 deaths and 17 serious injuries. 事故处

7、理 圣水大桥坍塌事件震惊了整个韩国。韩国总统金泳三称这是“一场灾难”并且快速的组织了调查。他解除了当时汉城市市长李元钟的职务，随后公开向全国人民道歉。韩国国会因此召开紧急会议，强烈谴责这一劣质工程的承建者、建筑行业的腐败行为及政府对国家投资工程缺乏有效的监督和检查。韩国总理李荣德召集内阁紧急会议后，向金泳三总统递交了辞呈，以示承担圣水大桥坍塌事件的责任。韩国执法机关逮捕了7名汉城的建筑官员，检察官指控他们犯有玩忽职守、过失杀人罪。 The collapse of the holy water bridge shocked the whole country. South Korean Pres

8、ident Jin Yongsan called this a disaster and quickly organized the investigation. He relieved the position of Li Yuanzhong, mayor of Seoul, and then apologized publicly to the whole nation. The South Korean Congress therefore held an emergency meeting to strongly condemn the contractors of this infe

9、rior project, corruption in the construction industry and the lack of effective supervision and inspection by the government on state-invested projects. After convening an emergency cabinet meeting, South Korean Prime Minister Lee Rongde presented his resignation to President Kim Yong-san to show th

10、at he was responsible for the collapse of the Shengshui Bridge. Seven Seoul Construction officials have been arrested by South Korean law enforcement agencies, and prosecutors have charged them with negligence and manslaughter. 事故原因Cause结构因素 structure factor 如图，圣水大桥桥的上部结构被设计与修建成悬臂式钢朽梁,它的带伸臂跨的锚跨析梁支承在

11、桥墩上, 伸臂端与悬挂跨用连杆与铰来连接。作为设计方面该指出的一个问题是在上部结构的设计中没有赘余约束,是静定结构，因而在竖杆破坏时不可能出现倒塌前的预先警告。但进行立体分析的结果说明铰接竖杆的应力没有超过容许值，所以这并不被认为是导致倒塌的直接原因。 As shown in the figure, the superstructure of Shengshui Bridge is designed and constructed as a cantilever steel decayed beam. Its anchor span analysis beam with extension s

12、pan is supported on the pier, and the extension end and suspension span are connected by connecting rods and hinges. As a design aspect, it should be pointed out that there are no redundant constraints in the design of the superstructure, so it is impossible to warn before collapse when the vertical

13、 bar is damaged. However, the results of three-dimensional analysis show that the stress of articulated vertical bar does not exceed the allowable value, so it is not considered as the direct cause of collapse. 施工因素 construction factor 1.采用超声波方法对铰接竖杆和铰接板之间的槽口焊接面进行熔透深度检测后发现在18mm厚的竖杆翼板上，有效焊缝深度仅有2mm！该缺

14、陷造成了焊缝处较大的应力集中，从而迅速开裂。因此焊缝质量的低劣被认为是桥梁坍塌的直接原因之一。 1.The penetration depth of the groove weld surface between the articulated vertical bar and the articulated plate was measured by ultrasonic method. It was found that the effective weld depth was only 2 mm on the 18mm thick vertical bar wing plate. The

15、refore, the poor quality of weld is considered to be one of the direct causes of bridge collapse. 2.东亚建筑公司没有按图纸施工，在施工中偷工减料，利用疲劳性能很差的劣质钢材，这是事故的直接原因之一。 2.One of the direct causes of the accident is that East Asia Construction Company did not construct according to the drawings, jerry-built materials i

16、n the construction and used inferior steel with poor fatigue performance. 使用和养护阶段 Usage and maintenance stage 圣水大桥在通车之后并没有进行周期性的检查和系统性的养护管理。施工期间的监察工作也十分松懈。而且当时韩国缩短工期及汉城市政当局在交通管理上疏漏也是大桥倒塌的主要原因，大桥设计负载限制为32吨，建成后交通流量逐年增加，超常负荷，倒塌时负载为43.2吨。即(1) 检查不足与缺乏系统的养护方法；(2) 由于钢桥养护工程师们缺乏技术知识,不能早期探测与防止铰接竖杆的焊接处出现疲劳裂缝与破

17、坏;(3) 对超载卡车的通过桥梁 忽视有效的交通控制;(4 )没有评估交通超载对结构安全的影响。 After the commissioning of the St. Shui bridge, there was no periodical inspection and systematic maintenance and management. At that time, the shortening of the construction period in Korea and the negligence of traffic management in Seoul were also

18、the main reasons for the collapse of the bridge. The design load of the bridge was limited to 32 tons. After the completion of the bridge, the traffic flow increased year by year. The overload was 43.2 tons when the bridge collapsed. That is: (1) Insufficient inspection and lack of systematic mainte

19、nance methods; (2) Because of the lack of technical knowledge of steel bridge maintenance engineers, fatigue cracks and damage can not be detected and prevented in early stage at the welded joints of articulated vertical poles; (3) Effective traffic control is neglected for the passing bridges of ov

20、erloaded trucks; (4) the impact of traffic overload on structural safety is not assessed. 结构因素 structure factor施工因素 construction factor使用和养护阶段 Usage and maintenance stage 基本原因：官僚政治胜过科学技术的发展日新月异的桥梁种类Types of bridges changing rapidly 随着科学技术和生产力的发展，桥梁也发生了日新月异的变化。它不再仅仅是提供跨越和承载功能的人工构造物，而且还被赋予了引申的含义，那就是机构

21、与机构之间、地区与地区之间、国家与国家之间，沟通有无、建立合作关系、促进友好交流等诸如此类工作的统称。桥梁工程设计的趋势也想着新型，美观，轻便方向发展。 With the development of science and technology and productivity, bridges have changed rapidly. It is no longer merely an artificial structure providing leapfrogging and carrying functions, but also has been endowed with ext

22、ended meanings, namely, the collective name of communication, establishing cooperative relations, promoting friendly exchanges between institutions, regions, countries and so on.事故频发的桥梁工程Bridge engineering with frequent accidents 但近年来桥梁工程的事故并没有得到有效的控制。美观，新型，大跨度的桥梁虽然优化了自身，但也带来的安全性的问题。 But in recent y

23、ears, bridge engineering accidents have not been effectively controlled. Beautiful, new type, long-span bridge, although it has optimized itself, but also brings about safety problems. 哈尔滨阳明滩大桥垮塌Collapse of Yangming Beach Bridge in Harbin 重庆綦江彩虹桥整体垮塌事故Chongqing Gijiang Bridge integral collapse accid

24、ent工程伦理分析Ethics In Engineering 工程师自身方面 工程师本身对新技术和新产品认识不足，对负面作用的预测力不够，掌控力不足，这本身就是对工程的不负责； Engineers themselves are not fully aware of new technologies and new products, have insufficient predictive power and control over the negative effects, which is not responsible for the project； 工程师的逐利意识和作风不断增强，

25、并没有将人身安全和公共财产放在首位，趋向逃避和回避工程伦理问题； Engineersprofit-seeking consciousness and work style are increasing, and they do not put personal safety and public property in the first place, and tend to avoid engineering ethics issues. 工程师只注重专业技能教育，缺乏工程伦理教育； Engineers only focus on professional skills education

26、and lack engineering ethics education； 面对敏感的带有政治色彩的工程，往往选择沉默，不作为。甚至发现问题也缄默不言。 In the face of sensitive projects with political problems, they often choose to remian silent and omission, even when they find out there are problems.工程师自身方面施工部门方面 为了加快进度，大幅度缩短施工周期，导致施工细节错误频发； In order to speed up the pro

27、gress, the construction period is greatly shortened, resulting in frequent errors in construction details. 为了节约成本，不惜采购次品构件，甚至偷工减料； In order to save costs, purchasing defective components and even using inferior materials. 和监督部门互相勾结，导致监察部门达不到监管的目的； The collusion with supervisory departments leads to

28、the failure of achieving the purpose of supervision. 施工部门主要是利益驱使，违背了工程伦理 The construction department is mainly driven by profits and violates engineering ethics. 监理方面 监理人员能力不足，无法再现场发现施工问题； The supervisor is not competent enough to find any construction problems on site； 缺乏职业道德，责任心不强； Lack of profess

29、ional ethics and sense of responsibility； 没有原则，易被收买，导致监理过程形同虚设，完全走过场。 No principle, easy to be induced. 监理部门风气差，法律制约较松，入职门槛低 The supervision department has bad atmosphere, irrestrictive laws and low entry demand.政府方面 官僚主义严重，开展面子工程，为了政绩不考虑实际是否需要 Bureaucracy is serious, and face saving projects are ca

30、rried out. In order to obtain political achievements, the actual needs are not under consideration. 追求新型和影响力，外观而相对忽视了桥梁的安全和实用性； The pursuit of new style and appearance, resulting in relatively neglect of the bridges safety and practicality. 某些干部为了在任期内出成果，往往缩短工期，导致桥梁的隐患增多 Some cadres tend to shorten

31、their construction period in order to produce results during their tenure, resulting in more hidden dangers of bridges. 反思面对如此严峻的问题，我们应该采取怎样的措施去预防呢？Question1.加强工程人员的工程伦理教育 加强高校工科专业学生的工程伦理教育是培养高素质工程师必不可少的过程。学校不应该仅仅强调学生的科研水平，更应该注意培养学生的工程道德素质，从源头上提高工程人员的道德水平 Strengthening the engineering ethics educati

32、on of Engineering Majors in Colleges and universities is an indispensable process for training high-quality engineers. Schools should not only emphasize studentsscientific research level, but also pay attention to cultivating students engineering moral quality and improving the moral level of engine

33、ers from the source.2.完善工程伦理法制制度 工程事故的预防不能只靠道德约束，还要有法律的保障，德治和法制结合才能发挥最大的力量。一旦发生工程事故，必须严格追究责任，做到有法可依，有法必依，执法必严，违法必究。 The prevention of engineering accidents can not only depend on moral restraint, but also on legal protection. Only by combining the rule of virtue with the rule of law can the greatest strength be exerted. Once a project accident occurs, we must strictly investigate the responsibility, so that there are laws to abide by, laws to abide by, law enforcement to be strict, and vio