2016届高三英语一轮复习提优讲义阅读理解的做题方法与技巧

1、阅读理解的做题方法与技巧（二）-高三英语提优学案推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。它要求考生在理解表面文字信息的基础上，尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，作出正确的推理和判断，从而理解文章的隐含意义和深层意义。注意推理时要以文章提供的事实为依据不要凭空想象。推理题涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到文字依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息作多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息进一步推出的答案：既对原文某一句话或某几句话作同义改写（paraphrase）或综合考查。推理题

2、的目的是考查识别能力，并不涉及复杂的判断和推理。一、设题方式1.Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seen/impliedfromthepassagethat_2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?3.Thepassagesuggests/impliesthat_4.Whatstheauthorsattitudetowards_?5.Whatsthepurposeofthispassage?6.Whatsthetoneoftheauthor?7.Wherewouldthispassagem

3、ostprobablyappear?.二、解题思路（一）解答此类题的一般步骤是：1.定位信息：认真阅读题干和选项，寻找相关的信息点，即关键词。2.字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。3.深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。（二）选择答案时，注意排除以下干扰选项，以便缩小选择范围：1.不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点，要严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理；2.推理的根据来源于上下文；3.如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就是正确答案；4.如果某选项表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它就属于主观臆断的结论，也不是

4、正确答案；5.如果某个选项表达的内容虽然在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案；6.文中的虚拟语气和情态动词（should,must,may.）往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于帮助我们确定正确答案；7.某些过渡词（however,but,onthecontrary,whatsmore）后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。三、常见的几种推理判断题（一）Wearrivedinthesummer,justintimetoenjoythemidnightsun.AllthatsunlightwasfantasticforMomsvegetablegarden.Workingint

5、hegardenatmidnighttendedtothrowhertimingoff,soshedidntcaremuchaboutmybedtime.DadwasaRailwayExpressagentandMomwashisclerk.Thatleftmeinamess.Iusuallymanagedtofindsometroubletogetinto.OnceIhadalittlefiregoinginthedirt（basementofahotel.Ihadtriedtolightabarrel桶）ofpaintbutcouldntreallygetagoodfiregoing.Th

6、esmokegotprettybad,though,andwhen1mademyexit,acrowdandthepoliceweretheretogreetme.ThepolicementookmymatchesanddrovemeMomandDadwereoccupiedinthegardenandDadtoldthepolicetokeepme,andtheydid!IhadatouroftheprisonbeforeMomrescuedme.1hadntturned5yet.1.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorsfamily?A.Hisfatherwasa

7、cruelman.B.Hisparentsdidntlovehim.C.Hisparentsusedtobeverybusy.D.Hismotherdidnthaveanyjobs.Summary:此类属于细节推理题。要求考生要求根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间，地点，人物关系，事件等。一般可依据短文提供的信息，或借助生活常识进行推理判定。（二）Afterthefirstexpedition,Larryslaterdivingadventuresonlygotbetterandbetter.Therewasneveradullmoment.Inhisblackandbluesuitandwi

8、thanoxygentankfastenedonhisback,Larrydivedfromboatsintothemiddleoftheocean.Dangerousareasdidnotpreventhimfromcontinuinghissearch.Sometimes,hiswaslimitedtoacageunderwaterbutthatdidnotbotherhim.Atleast,hewasstillabletotakephotographsoftheunderwatercreatures.WhydidLarryhavetostayinacageunderwatersometi

9、mes?A.Toprotecthimselffromdanger.B.Todiveintothedeepwater.C.Toadmiretheunderwaterview.D.Totakephotomoreconveniently.Summary:此类属于因果推断题。要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要正确把握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。（三）Iwishthatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherlesscompetitiveevent.Perhapsanafternoonofteamgames,withafewr

10、acesforthosewhowantthem,wouldbelessstressfulforthechildrenandalotmorefuntowatch.Whatstheauthorsattitudetowardssportsday?A.CriticalB.NeutralC.PositiveD.AmbiguousThreemenwerediscussinghowtodonate(捐献)moneytoGod.Atfirsttheycouldntagreewitheachother,thentheyeachtoldhisownidea.Thefirstmansaid:“Letsdrawasm

11、allcircleonthegroundandthrowcoinstotheground.ThemoneyoutofthecirclebelongstoGod.Thesecondmanadded,“WewilldonatethecoinsinsidethecircletoGodbecauseGodisinourhearts.aThethirdmansaid:“Yourideasarenotbad,butIhavebetterideathanyours.Letsthrowcoinsintothesky.ThecoinsthatGodacceptsbelongtohim.SoGodcanaccep

12、tasmuchmoneyashecan.Atlast,theyagreedtothelastidea,andtheybegantothrowcoinstotheskyhappily.Accordingtothepassage,wecandrawaconclusion_.A.Allthethreemenwerekindhearted.B.Thethirdmanismoregenerousthantheothertwo.C.NoneofthembelievedinGod.D.Threemenareallstingy(吝啬)people.Summary:此类属于人物性格，态度以及观点判定题。解此类题

13、时一定要站在作者的立场或角度，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点来代替作者的思想观点。常见描述作者观点态度的词有：objective(客观的)-pessimistic（悲观的）;neutral（中立的）-optimistic（乐观的）,subjective（主观的）-approving（赞成的）,positive（积极地）-disapproving（不赞成的）,negative（消极地）-indifferent（冷漠地）,critical（批判的）-ironic（讽刺的）（四）Weareinthecomputerage.Weoftenseecomputersatwork.Theyareespecial

14、lyusefullyinautomaticcontrol,dataprocessing(数据处理)andsolvingcomplicatedproblems.Andtheyarefindingtheirwayintothehome.Thepartplayedbycomputersisbecomingevenmoreimportantwitheachpassingday.Moreandclevercomputerswillcontinuetoappear.Theywillrunfaster,havemorefunctionsandworkmuchmoreskillfully.Theywillta

15、keovermoretasksfromus,helpingtochangethefaceofourworld.Somepeopleeventhinkthatsoonerorlatercomputerswillreplaceus.HoweverWhichofthefollowingwillbestcontinuethethirdparagraph?A.Computerswillsoonstopdeveloping.B.Manypeoplelikecomputersverymuch.C.Computersareasclevererasman.D.Idonotthinkcomputerswillre

16、placeuscompletely.Summary:此类属于文脉逻辑关系推理题。要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题时应把握作者的写作思路（如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按照因果关系，对比关系来描述）从而作出比较科学的，合情合理的猜测。（五）Imaginethatthegenome（基因组）isabook.Thebookconsistsof23chapterswiththousandsofstoriesmadeupofparagraphs，wordsandlettersondifferentlevels.Thereareonebillionwo

17、rdsinthebook，whichmakesitlongerthan5000volumesthesizeofthisbook.oraslongas800Bibles.IfIreadthegenomeouttoyouattherateofonewordpersecondforeighthoursaday，itwouldtakemeacentury.IfIwroteoutthehumangenome,oneletterpermillimeter，mytextwouldbeaslongastheRiverDanube.(多瑙河).Therealpurposeoftheauthorscomparis

18、onofthegenometoabookis.A.tofocusonthedifferencesbetweenthetwoB.tolayemphasisonthesimilaritiesbetweenthetwoC.tosimplifytheconceptofthehumangenomeD.togiveanexactdescriptionofthehumangenomeWithaPhDinMathematicsEducationfromGeorgiaStateUniversity,Dr.SiegelteachesmathematicsatCentralArizonaCollege.Hiscou

19、rsesincludevariousmake-upclassesandanumberoflecturesforfutureprimaryschoolteachers.Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?A.Anewsreport.B.AbookreviewC.Alessonplan.D.

20、AnadvertisementSummary:此类属于写作意图推测题。考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图以及运用某种写作手法的目的。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。常见的有：1.娱乐读者，让人发笑，如tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience.2.说服读者接受某种观点。常见于广告类的文章。如tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience.3.告知读者某些信息。多见于科普类、新闻报道类，文化类或

21、社会类的文章。如toinformthereadersofsth.四、能力提升，小试牛刀IbeganwritingpoemsfifteenyearsagowhileIwasincollege.OnedayIwasinthelibrary,workingonatermpaper,whenIcameacrossabookofcontemporarypoetry.Idontrememberthetitleofthebookoranyofthetitlesofthepoemsexceptone:“FrankensteinsDaughter.”Thepoemwaswild,almostrude,andno

22、thingliketherhyme-and-meterpoetryIhadreadinhighschool.Ihadalwaysthoughtthatpoetrywasflowerywritingaboutsunsetsandwalksonthebeach,butthatlibrarybookcontaineddirectandsometimesshockingpoetryaboutdogs,junkedcars,rundownhouses,andTVs.Icheckedthebookout,curioustoreadmore.Soonafterward,Istartedfillinganot

23、ebookwithmyownpoems.AtfirstIwasscared,partlybecausemypoetryteacher,towhomthisbookiswrittenfor,wasaseriousandstrictmanwhocouldseetheerrorsinmypoems.Also,Irealizedtheseriousnessofmydevotion.Igaveupgeographytostudypoetry,whichagoodmanyfriendssaidofferednofuture.IignoredthembecauseIlikedworkingwithwords

24、,usingthemtoreconstructthepast,whichhasalwaysbeenasourceofpoetryforme.WhenIfirststudiedpoetry,Iwassingle-minded.Iwoketopoetryandwenttobedwithpoetry.Imemorizedpoems,readEnglishpoetsbecauseIwastoldtheywouldhelpshapemypoems,andreadclassicalChinesepoetrybecauseIwastoldthatitwouldaddclaritytomywork.ButIw

25、asmosttakenbytheSpanishandLatinAmericanpoets,particularlyPabloNeruda.Myfavoritesofhisweretheodeslong,short-linedpoemscelebratingcommonthingsliketomatoes,socksandscissors.IfeltjoyfulwhenIreadtheseodes,andwhenIbegantowritemyownpoems,Itriedtoremainfaithfultothecommonthingsofmychildhooddogs,alleys(小巷),m

26、ybaseballmitt(手套)andthefruitofthevalley,especiallytheorange.Iwantedtogivethesethingslife,towritesowellthatmypoemswouldexpresstheirbeauty.Ialsoadmiredourowncountryspoetry.Isawthatourpoetsoftenwroteaboutplaceswheretheygrewuporplacesthatimpressedthemdeeply.JamesWrightwroteaboutOhioandWestVirginia,PhilipLevineaboutDetroit,GarySnyderabouttheSierraNevadasandaboutJapan,whereforyearshestudiedZenBuddhism(禅宗佛教).IdecidedtowriteabouttheSanJoaquinValley,wheremyhometown,Fresno,islocated.Someofmypoemsareabsoluteobservationsan