大鼠解剖图谱英文版讲解

1、大鼠解剖图谱英文版讲解 Rat DissectionThe following slides are intended to helpyou with dissection of the rat and then to review for the lab practical that will follow.RATS Rat DissectionScientific Name: Rattus norvegicusCommon Name: Rat Kingdom- AnimaliaPhylum- ChordataSubphylum- VertebrataClass- MammaliaOrder

2、- RodentiaRATSRat DissectionThe following web sites were used to obtain various dissection pictures.(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) This has an excellent self quiz!Urogenital Tutorial- SOURCESRat Dissection REMOVING SKINSource #4Rat Dissection REMOVING SKINSource #7Rat Dissection REMOVING SKINSource #4R

3、at Dissection MUSCLESSource #5Branchial:鳃的Externa auditory meatus：外耳道Temporalis：颞肌Orbicularis oculi：眼轮匝肌parotid duct：腮腺导管Rat DissectionMUSCLES Source #1侧面皮大肌背阔肌嚼肌颈外静脉二头肌 肋间肌Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource #5脊三角肌肱三头肌外侧头肱三头肌长头肘 肩三角肌棒状三角肌肱肌肱二头肌短头腕近端头部 尾部远端Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource #5肩峰斜方肌 锁三角肌 脊三角肌肩三角肌

4、肘 前臂腕背侧头部 尾部腹侧Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource #5Wrist:腕关节Long head of biceps brachi:肱二头肌长头Medial head of triceps:肱三头肌内侧头Coracobrachialis:喙头肌Elbow：肘部Tensor fasciae antebrachi:Long head of triceps:肱三头肌长头Axilla region:腋部Short head of biceps brachi:肱二头肌短头Cranial:颅侧Caudal:尾侧Distal:远心端Proximal:近心端Rat Dissect

5、ionMUSCLES Source #1External jugular vein:颈外静脉Pectoralis muscles:胸肌Triceps:肱三头肌Biceps:二头肌Masseter:咬肌Rat DissectionMUSCLES Source #1Cutaneous maximus:External jugular vein:颈外静脉Linea alba:腹白线Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource #5Transversus abdominis:腹横肌Epigastric vein:腹壁下静脉Rectus abdominis:腹直肌Internal obliq

6、ue:腹内斜肌External oblique:腹外斜肌Rostral:头侧Caudal:尾侧Lateral:外侧Medial:内侧Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource #5Thigh:大腿Hip:臀部Gluteus maximus:臀大肌Caput vertebralis:Caput pelvis:Biceps femoris:股二头肌Semitendinosus:半腱肌Vastus lateralis:股外侧肌Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource #5Vastus lateralis:股外侧肌Adductor magnus:大收肌Biceps fem

7、oris:股二头肌Semimembranosus:半膜肌Cranial:颅侧Caudal:尾侧Dorsal:背侧Ventral:腹侧Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource #5Iliacus:髂肌Pectineus:耻骨肌Adductor longus:长收肌Gluteus medius:臀中肌Vastus lateralis:股外侧肌Rectus femoris:股直肌Vastus medialis:股内侧肌Adductor magnus:大收肌Gracilis:股薄肌Flexor digitorum superficialis: 指(趾）浅屈肌Rat Dissection

8、 MUSCLESSource #5Flexor digitorum superficialis: 指(趾）浅屈肌Tibialias anterior:胫骨前肌Flexor digitorum profundis:指(趾）深屈肌Fibularis longus:Soleus:比目鱼肌Lateral head of gastrocnemius:腓肠肌外侧头Plantaris:跖肌medial head of gastrocnemius:腓肠肌内侧头Calcaneal tendon:跟腱Heel of foot:足跟Rat Dissection MUSCLESSource #5Plantaris:跖

9、肌Flexor digitorum superficialis:指(趾）浅屈肌Soleus:比目鱼肌medial head of gastrocnemius:腓肠肌内侧头Calcaneal tendon:跟腱Heel of foot:足跟Rat Dissection ORAL CAVITYSource #6Oral cavity:口腔Hard palate:硬腭Soft palate:软腭Rat DissectionORAL CAVITYSource #6Saluvary gland:唾液腺Rat Dissection ABDOMINAL CAVITYSource #4Rat Dissecti

10、on ABDOMINAL CAVITYSource #4Rat DissectionSource #7 ABDOMINAL CAVITYRat DissectionDIGESTIVE ORGANS Source #1Digestive organs:消化器官Mesentery:肠系膜Omentum:网膜Rat DissectionSource #6DIGESTIVE ORGANS Liver：肝脏Caecum:盲肠Small intestine:小肠Rat DissectionSource #6DIGESTIVE ORGANS Duodenum:十二指肠Stomach:胃Spleen:脾脏La

11、rge intestine:大肠Rat DissectionDIGESTIVE ORGANS Source #1diaphragm:膈Liver：肝脏Small intestine:小肠Spleen：脾脏Caecum:盲肠Rat Dissection DIGESTIVE ORGANSSource #5Caudal side of diaphragm:膈肌尾侧面Median lobe of liver:肝脏中叶Ligamentum teres hepatis:肝静脉索Left lobe of liver:肝脏左叶Stomach:胃Greater omentum:大网膜Small intestin

12、es:小肠Rat DissectionDIGESTIVE ORGANS Source #1Duodenum:十二指肠Pancreas:胰腺Jejunum:空肠Ileum:回肠Colon:结肠Caecum:盲肠Rat DissectionSource #6DIGESTIVE ORGANS Rat DissectionDIGESTIVE ORGANS Source #1Transverse limb:横结肠Ascending limb:升结肠Descending limb:降结肠Rat Dissection HEART + LUNGSSource #5Right auricle:右心耳Thymus

13、:胸腺Left phrenic nerve:膈神经Diaphragm:膈Rat DissectionRESPIRATORY ORGANS Source #1Rat DissectionCIRCULATORY ORGANS Source #1Circulatory organs:循环器官R. common carotid A.:右颈总动脉R. Subclavian A.右锁骨下动脉Innominate A.:R. Atrium:右心房R.Lung:右肺Esophagus：食管Aorta:主动脉Diaphragm：膈R.:rightL.:leftA.:arterial 动脉的Rat Dissect

14、ion HEARTSource #5Right auricle:右心耳Right ventricle:右心室Left pulmonary artery:左肺动脉Left auricle:左心耳Rat DissectionCIRCULATORY ORGANS Source #1Dorsal：背侧的superior mesenteric A.:肠系膜上动脉Coeliac A.:腹主动脉R. Renal V.:右肾静脉Inferior vena cava:下腔静脉Kidney:肾脏Ovary:卵巢Dorsal aorta:背主动脉Uterus:子宫R. Common iliac A.:右髂总动脉R.

15、 Iliolumbar V.右髂腰静脉R. Ovarian V.右卵巢静脉Rat DissectionUROGENITAL ORGANS Source #1Urogenital system:泌尿生殖系统Kidney：肾脏Ovary:卵巢Cornua of uterus:子宫角Rat DissectionSource #5EXCRETORY ORGANS Pelvis:肾盂Renal V.:肾静脉Cortex:皮质Medulla:髓质Rat DissectionSource #5UROGENITAL ORGANS Right kidney:右肾Uterine horn with feluses

16、:有胚胎的子宫角Right ureter:右输尿管Bladder:膀胱Left adrenal gland:左肾上腺Rectum:直肠Rat Dissection：气管：心脏：肺脏：膈Source #2THORACIC CAVITY Review and Quiz YourselfRat Dissection1.Right Atrium：右心房2.Right Ventricle：右心室3.Left Atrium：左心房4.Left Ventricle：左心室Source #2HEARTReview and Quiz YourselfRat Dissection1.Jugular Vein：颈静

17、脉2.Carotid Artery：颈动脉3.Superior Vena Cava：上腔静脉4.Ascending Aorta：升主动脉5.Atrium (right)：心房（右）6.Ventricles ：心室THORACIC CIRCULATION Source #2Review and Quiz YourselfRat Dissection You should be familiar with the order of the parts of the alimentary canal. Following the path that food would take, we would

18、 pass through:熟悉消化道膈部分的顺序和名称。下图标明食物通过消化道的顺序：Oral Cavity口腔Pharynx咽Esophagus食管Stomach胃Pyloric Sphincter幽门括约肌Small Intestine小肠Duodenum十二指肠Jejunum空肠Ileum回肠Large Intestine大肠Cecum盲肠Colon 结肠- Ascending Limb升支- Transverse Limb 横支- Descending Limb降支Rectum直肠Anus肛门Source #1ABDOMINAL CAVITY 腹腔Rat Dissection1. L

19、iver肝2. Stomach胃3. Pancreas胰脏4. Duodenum十二指肠5. Small Intestines小肠6. Cecum盲肠7. Urinary Bladder膀胱Source #2ABDOMINAL CAVITY 腹腔 Review and Quiz YourselfRat Dissection1. Abdominal Aorta腹主动脉2. Renal Artery (left)肾动脉（左）3. Renal Vein (left) 肾静脉（左）4. Inferior Vena Cava下腔静脉5. Hepatic PortalVein肝门静脉ABDOMINAL C

20、IRCULATION 腹部血液循环Source #2Review and Quiz YourselfRat Dissection1. Coagulating Gland凝固腺2. Urinary Bladder膀胱3. Vas Deferens输精管4. Epididymis附睾5. Small Intestines小肠6. Seminal Vesicle精囊腺7. Prostate Gland前列腺8. Penis阴茎9. Testis睾丸阴囊MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS雄性生殖器官 Source #2Review and Quiz YourselfRat Dissect

21、ionStomach胃Kidney肾Ovary卵巢Oviduct输卵管Uterine Horn子宫角Large Intestine大肠Urinary Bladder膀胱FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS雌性生殖器官Source #2Review and Quiz YourselfRat Dissection10. 13. 15. TAGGED ORGANSSource #7Review and Quiz YourselfBiceps Brachii肱二头肌Masseter嚼肌13Rib Cage胸廓Rat Dissection 5. 9. 22. 27. TAGGED ORG

22、ANSSource #7Review and Quiz YourselfHeart心脏Trachea气管Lung肺Esophagus食管 3. 7. 8. 11. 17.18.Rat DissectionTAGGED ORGANSSource #7Review and Quiz YourselfCecum盲肠Small Intestine小肠Ovary卵巢Diaphragm膈Liver肝Spleen脾Rat Dissection24. 26. TAGGED ORGANSSource #7Review and Quiz YourselfUterineHorn子宫角Urinary Bladder膀

23、胱Rat Dissection 1. 6. 20. 23.25.TAGGED ORGANSSource #7Review and Quiz YourselfUreter输尿管Kidney肾2025Rectum直肠Stomach胃Adrenal Gland肾上腺Rat DissectionToward the midline朝中线方向Toward the back (upper surface of body)朝向背部（动物身体的上表面）Toward the tail朝向尾部Toward the side朝向两边Farthest from the point of attachment附着点的最

24、远端Toward the belly (underside of body)朝向腹部（动物身体的下表面）Closest to the point of attachment附着点附近Toward the head朝向头部Review and Quiz YourselfNAME THAT FUNCTION:Caudal尾侧Lateral外侧Cranial颅侧Proximal近端Ventral腹侧Distal远端Dorsal背侧Medial内侧Heres a word bank to help you out:CaudalCranialDistalDorsalLateralMedialProxim

25、alVentralANATOMICAL TERMS解剖术语Rat DissectionThe term referring to bending of a joint 关节弯曲的术语The term referring to movement of an appendage toward the long axis of the body四肢向身体长轴方向移动的术语The term referring to straightening of a joint关节处伸直的术语The term referring to movement of an appendage away from the l

26、ong axis of the body四肢向身体长轴反方向移动的术语ANATOMICAL TERMS解剖术语Review and Quiz YourselfNAME THAT FUNCTION:Adduction内收Flexion俯屈Abduction外展Extension伸展Rat DissectionThe whiskers, which have a sensory function 有感知功能的胡须The flap-like external ear that directs sound waves into the ear opening收集声波片状的外耳 Paired openi

27、ngs leading into the nose鼻子的一对导气孔Organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities胸腔腹腔里的组织A partition or wall separating 2 cavities分割两腔的隔膜A membrane which suspends the organs支持器官的膜Shiny membrane that lines the abdominal cavity腹腔光滑的膜Review and Quiz YourselfNAME THAT ORGAN:Vibrissae触须Pinna耳郭Nares鼻孔Mesente

28、ry肠系膜Septum隔膜Viscera内脏Peritoneum腹膜Heres a word bank to help you out:MesenteryNaresPeritoneumPinnaSeptumVibrissaeVisceraORGAN FUNCTION器官功能Rat DissectionAbducts the thigh大腿向外侧运动Extends the forelimb前肢伸直Constricts the abdomen腹部收缩Closes the jaw关闭下颚Adducts the thigh大腿内侧运动Flexes the forelimb前肢弯曲Draws the f

29、orelimb toward the chest前肢向胸侧运动Extends the foot伸脚Moves the forelimb dorsally + caudally前肢向背部和尾部运动Review and Quiz YourselfNAME THAT MUSCLE:Biceps Femoris股二头肌 Triceps Brachii肱三头肌External Obliques腹外斜肌Biceps Brachii肱二头肌Gracilis股薄肌Masseter咬肌Pectoralis Major胸大肌Heres a word bank to help you out:Biceps Brac

30、hiiBiceps FemorisExternal ObliquesGastrocnemiusGluteus MaximusGracilisLatissimus DorsiMasseterPectoralis MajorTriceps BrachiorGluteus Maximums臀大肌Gastrocnemius腓肠肌Latissimus Dorsi背阔肌ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能Rat DissectionProduces WBCs (White blood cells)产白细胞Moves food in mouth and tastes将食物移入嘴里，品尝Organs for

31、gas exchange换气的器官Windpipe leading from pharynx to lungs由咽到肺的管道Bony anterior roof of mouth口腔前骨顶Muscular sheet that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities分开胸腔与腹腔的肌肉层Incisors (biting) and molars (grinding)剪切和磨食物Muscular posterior roof of mouth口腔顶尾部肌肉Affects metabolic rate and body growth 影响新陈代谢率

32、和身体成长Review and Quiz YourselfNAME THAT ORGAN:Tongue舌头Lungs肺Diaphragm横膈膜Hard Palate硬腭Trachea气管Teeth牙齿Heres a word bank to help you out:DiaphragmHard PalateLungsSoft PalateTeethThymus GlandThyroid GlandTongueTracheaThymus Gland胸腺Soft Palate软腭Thyroid Gland甲状腺ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能Rat DissectionProduces insulin for glucose metabolism产生胰岛素的地方Aids in digestion of proteins帮助蛋白质消化的地方Food tube from pharynx to stomach将食物由咽部运送至胃的导管Digests and absorbs nutrients营养物质的消化吸收的地方Folds in stomach that help mix food胃里帮助碾碎食物的摺Secretes bile, cleans blood, stores glycogen分