JackLondon杰克伦敦课件

1、Jack LondonGroup members： Kiwi Lesley Jackie Eudora MaiaJack Londons Credo I would rather be ashes than dust!I would rather that my spark should burn out in a brilliant blaze than it should be stifled by dry-rot.I would rather be a superb meteor, every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy a

2、nd permanent planet.The function of man is to live, not to exist.I shall not waste my days trying to prolong them.I shall use my time. 我宁愿是燃烧过后的灰烬也不愿为地上的灰尘！我宁愿让点点星火猛烈燃烧殆尽也不愿任其干腐。我宁愿做一闪而过的流星，让每一点碎片都擦出火光，也不愿做死寂的恒星。人的职责是生活，而不是存在。我不会浪费时间试图延长寿命。但，我会用尽生命中的每一秒。 Brief introductionHe was a realismandnaturali

3、sm novelist,journalist,short story writer andessayist as well as social activist. He was a pioneer in the then-burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction and was one of the first fiction writers to obtain worldwide celebrity and a large fortune from his fiction alone. London was a passionate ad

4、vocate of unionization, socialism, and the rights of workers and wrote several powerful works dealing with these topics such as his dystopian novel, The Iron Heel and The People of the Abyss.Jack London (1876 - 1916)Early lifeLondon at the age of nine with his dog Rollo, 1885 Jack London was born in

5、 San Francisco of an unmarried mother of wealthy background, Flora Wellman. His father may have been William Chaney , a journalist, lawyer, and major figure in the development of American astrology(占星术). Because Flora was ill, Jack was raised at an early age by an ex-slave, Virginia Prentiss, who ha

6、d a great influence on the boy while he grew up.Early lifeAs a schoolboy, London often studied atHeinolds First and Last Chance Saloon, a port-side bar in Oakland. At 17, he confessed to the bars owner, John Heinold, his desire to attend university and pursue a career as a writer. Heinold lent Londo

7、n tuition money to attend college. When he was in his teens, the boy adopted the name of Jack. He worked at various hard labor jobs, pirated for oysters(偷捕牡蛎） on San Francisco Bay, served on a fish patrol(巡逻船）to capture poachers(偷捕者), sailed the Pacific on a sealing ship, joined Kellys Army of unemp

8、loyed working men, hoboed(流浪) around the country, and returned to attend high school at age 19. In the process, he got to know some ideas about socialism and was known as the Boy Socialist of Oakland for his street corner speech. He would run unsuccessfully several times on the socialist ticket as m

9、ayor. He read a lot of books, and consciously chose to become a writer to escape from the terrible life as a factory worker. He studied other writers and began to submit stories, jokes and poems to various publications, mostly without success. Writer Rancher SailorGold rush and first successOn July

10、12, 1897, London (age 21) and his sisters husband Captain Shepard sailed to join theKlondike Gold Rush. This was the setting for some of his first successful stories. Londons time in theKlondike, however, was detrimental to his health. Like so many other men who were malnourished in the goldfields,

11、London developedscurvy. London left Oakland with a social conscience and socialist leanings; he returned to become an activist forsocialism. He concluded that his only hope of escaping the work trap was to get an education and sell his brains. He saw his writing as a business, his ticket out of pove

12、rty, and, he hoped, a means of beating the wealthy at their own game. On returning to California in 1898, London began working deliberately to get published, a struggle described in his novel,Martin Eden(serialized in 1908, published in 1909). London began his writing career just as new printing tec

13、hnologies enabled lower-cost production of magazines. This resulted in a boom in popular magazines aimed at a wide public and a strong market for short fiction. War correspondentLondon accepted an assignment of theSan Francisco Examinerto cover theRusso-Japanese Warin early 1904, arriving inYokohama

14、（横滨）on January 25, 1904. He was arrested by Japanese authorities inShimonoseki(马关), but released due to the intervention of American ambassadorLloyd Griscom. Bohemian clubOn August 18, 1904, London went with his close friend, the poetGeorge Sterling, to “Summer High Jinks” at theBohemian（波西米亚的） Grov

15、e. London was elected to honorary membership in theBohemian Cluband took part in many activities. Beauty ranchIn 1905, London purchased a 1,000 acres (4.0km2) ranch inCalifornia, on the eastern slope ofSonoma Mountain, for $26,450.He wrote: Next to my wife, the ranch is the dearest thing in the worl

16、d to me. He desperately wanted the ranch to become a successful business enterprise. Writing, always a commercial enterprise with London, now became even more a means to an end: I write for no other purpose than to add to the beauty that now belongs to me. I write a book for no other reason than to

17、add three or four hundred acres to my magnificent estate. After 1910, his literary works were mostlypotboilers, written out of the need to provide operating income for the ranch. DeathLondon died November 22, 1916, in asleeping porchin a cottage on his ranch. London had been a robust man but had suf

18、fered several serious illnesses. At the time of his death, he suffered fromdysentery (痢疾), uremia(尿毒症), and late stage alcoholism（酒精中毒）; he was in extreme pain and takingmorphine（吗啡）, and it is possible that a morphine overdose, accidental or deliberate, may have contributed to his death .WorksJack London is a prolific American writer. During about 16 years of writing career, he created a rich literary