高考英语-阅读理解之七选五.ppt课件

1、高考阅读理解之七选五4.解题技巧3.解题步骤2.命题方向1.题型介绍目录七选五是英语高考试卷中的重要题型1.题型介绍考试说明“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”1.题型介绍1.文章整体内容2.文章结构3.文章上下文逻辑意义主旨概括性句子过渡性句子注释性句子难在哪里？1.题型介绍个别选项区分度不大，干扰性强说明文议论文记叙文2.命题方向分析历年高考真题可知结构性强，适合考察标题概括，主题句，过渡句等2.命题方向以13-17年高考全国II卷为例，体裁都是说明文2013进行公共演讲的训练要点2014时间紧迫情况下的烹调建议2015如何进行马拉松训练的相关建议2016如

2、何打造一个你自己的专属花园2017工作中被人打断时如何处理应对2.命题方向以13-17年高考全国II卷为例，体裁都是说明文3.解题步骤 04020103先看选项，勾画选项中的关键信息再看文章，分析文章结构，观察文章设空位置观察空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性代入答案，重点核查逻辑关系4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01语篇衔接手段包括词汇衔接，逻辑衔接篇章结构02根据设空在篇章中位置的不同确定不同的解题技巧4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01词汇衔接【例1 2016全国新课标卷1】 People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code bre

3、aking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded message is called cryptography. AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book. BIn any language, some letters are used more than others. COnly people who know the keyword can read the message. DAs long a

4、s there have been codes, people have tried to break them.解析：C项的to break them与空后的Code breaking属于同词复现。词汇复现4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01词汇衔接【例2 2014全国新课标卷2】 Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? 38 It takes

5、 around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.C. Make three or four instead.D. Understand your food better.解析：空前的one与three, four都是数字，属于同范畴的词，将此选项代入空格，前后意义衔接，故选C项。词汇同现4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01词汇衔接【例3 2017全国新课标卷N2】If you have a door to your office, make

6、good use of it. 40 .If someone knocks and its not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.E. Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF. It might seem unkind to cut

7、 people short when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not解析：G项的it与空前door照应代词指代语篇衔接手段词汇衔接词汇复现词汇同现代词指代4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01逻辑衔接A.并列关系： And; First(ly)，Second(ly)，.；First, then/ next，.；In the first place, in the second place.；for one thing, for another thing，

8、.；then /next, finally/last 等。B.递进关系： too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, whats more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not.but., not only.but also等。C.解释例证关系： for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words /that is to say等。4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01逻辑衔

9、接D.因果关系： so /therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such.that.，so that.等。E.转折对比关系： but, however, yet, while /though, or /otherwise, on the contrary, if not, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, yet, on the contrary, in contrast/comparison 等。F.概括归纳关系： in short, in brief, in summary, gen

10、erally speaking, in general, to conclude, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole, to sum up 等。4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01逻辑衔接【例4. 2016全国新课标卷1】There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden massage “Meet me.” EYou can hide a m

11、essage by having the first letter of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 解析：由空后的For example可得知是解释例证关系。E项与下文举例相符。解释例证关系4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01逻辑

12、衔接【例5. 2017全国新课标卷N3】Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try.D. And consider setting a second alarm.E. If the steps

13、you take are working, keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.转折对比关系解析：由空后的If not可得知转折对比关系。E项if引导的条件句与下文if not有转折对比关系。4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01逻辑衔接【例6. 2014全国卷】Hopefully that gives you a good start. 40 And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great change

14、s in the way you eat and live!E. Cooking is a burden for many people.F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.并列关系解析：由空后的and可得知并列关系。语篇衔接手段逻辑衔接并列转折解释例证.4.解题技巧02【例7】(2016全国卷)It starts with looking inside yourselfand how you approach the gardening process. 37 Some people may think

15、 that a garden Others are concerned about using gardening methods However, there are a number of other reasons thatmight explain why you want to gardenRecall (回忆) your childhood memories Our model of what a gardenA. Know why you garden.B. Find a good place for your own garden.篇章结构a.在小标题设空小标题特点是简短，与文

16、中给出的小标题结构一致，多为祈使句4.解题技巧02【例8】(2017全国新课标卷N2) 37 .Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.A.If youre busy, dont feel bad about saying noB. When you want to avoid interruptions at workC. Set boundaries for

17、yourself as your time goes篇章结构b.在段首设空通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。解析：空格为本段主旨句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述了受到打扰要告诉别人你有很多事要做，再找另外的时间交谈。4.解题技巧02【例9】(2017全国新课标卷N3) 37 . In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family,

18、 get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reason, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.A. Get a sleep specialist.B. Find the right motivation.C. A better plan for sleep can help.篇章结构b.在段首设空通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义

19、词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。解析：空格为本段主旨句。通读本段内容可知，本段主要是建议读者要弄清楚自己做出改变的原因，并告诉家人或室友你想要做的改变。4.解题技巧02【例10】(2017全国新课标卷N3) Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness t

20、he following week, a recent study found. 39 E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf to get coffee.篇章结构c.在段末设空通常是总结句，总结概括该段内容。therefore, as a result, thus, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word；如非总结句，则要考虑与前面句子的词汇和逻辑衔接解析：空格为本段概括句。本段主要建议读者即使在周末也要坚持自己设定的睡觉和起床时间。4.解题技巧02【例11】(2016高考浙江卷) How to Have a Successful Teenage Life Everyone wants to succeed in their life, dont they? Even as a teenager, you can achieve success in your life; it real