贵广高铁钢筋混凝土施工

1、1Reinforced concrete works贵广高铁钢筋混凝土施工2THEMES主题This training is to give guidelines and teaching the Local supervisor on construction method that could practice on the ongoing construction works of the Guiyang-guangzhou railway project这次培训的目的是在施工方法上对监理进行指导和教学，以便在贵广高铁项目接下来的施工中加以实践。 FOR LS THRU FQR 外方质量

2、代表对中方监理 3 GUIDELINES AND TOPICS OF THE TRAINING FOR THE SUPERVISOR ON BRIDGES培训针对桥梁施工的监理4Reinforced concrete works钢筋混凝土施工 Pier Foundation or Plate Head 桥墩基础或承台Pier columns 桥墩Column head caps 墩帽5For installation of Reinforced steel bars加固钢筋的安装Sequence of work: 工序：Check and study the structural detail

3、s and drawings of the structure. 确认、学习钢筋笼的结构细节和结构图； Check the fabricated steel bars required as its numbers, measurements and diameter needed.检查钢筋笼钢筋数量、规格、及直径； Steel bars to be installed should be cleaned from rust and dirt. 必须清除钢筋上的锈迹、污垢；6Establish the exact location of the structure by the survey

4、team. 由测量队伍确定结构的确切位置Structure to be installed steel bars should be cleaned from dirt, mud, waste concrete or any other materials. 必须清理要架设钢筋的结构上的污垢、淤泥、废弃混凝土及其他材料； Proper chipping of construction joints prior to start on connecting structure. 在连接结构之前，要对施工缝认真凿毛。Proper fixing and spacing on the installa

5、tions. 钢筋安装要牢固，间距要合适； 7For installation of reinforced steel bars加固钢筋的安装Adequate provision of spacers and concrete covering. 要使用足够的混凝土垫块、预留足够的混凝土保护层； Checking by Local Supervisor for its installed steel bars by numbers, measurements, diameter based on the required drawings and free from dirt rust and

6、 the proper construction joints. 监理要根据图纸对安装的钢筋的数量、规格、直径进行确认，同时确认是否除锈、施工缝是否认真凿毛。 8Installed form and bottom steel bars安装模板和底部钢筋What happened to the concrete covering, it is missing? 混凝土保护层呢？不见了吗？What was wrong why cannot pour lean concrete? 为什么不浇注混凝土？Is there no need cleaning the form when to install

7、? 安装模板的时候，没有必要清洗干净吗？Why the installed steel bars are rusting? 为什么已安装的钢筋都生锈了？9Concrete casting of plate head承台混凝土浇筑Is this kind of curing works? 这是在做养护工作吗？Proper curing works is to continuously spraying water or by flooding on top of plate head. 正确的养护方式是持续喷水，或在承台顶部用蓄水法养护。10For installation of forms模板

8、的安装Sequence of works 工序: Check the detail drawing and layout of the structure. 确认细节图和结构布置； Establish the exact location, alignment and coordinates of the structure by the survey team. 由测量队伍确立具体位置、平面及坐标；Cleaning of forms and application of form oils. 清洁模板，并刷油； 11Lay out the true location on the actua

9、l site given by the survey. 根据测量，在实际施工现场做正确的定位Erection of scaffoldings with proper safety requirements, like safety ladders, nets, working platforms and signages. 安装脚手架要满足一些安全要求,如安全梯、防护网、工作平台、标示标牌。Installation of forms and supports with proper provision of concrete covering and supervision on liftin

10、g works.关于模板的安装，要预留足够的混凝土保护层，要对吊装工作进行监管。 12For installation of forms模板的安装Checking and establish the top of concrete pouring elevation as required on the construction joints by the survey.根据测量确认和设定混凝土浇筑标高、施工缝的位置 Checking of the structure from measurement, cleanliness and roughness of the construction

11、 joints, correct locations, stability of the installed forms, supports, concrete covering and embedments. 从尺寸、清洁度、施工缝的粗糙度、正确的位置、模板的稳定性、支撑性、混凝土保护层和预埋度进行确认。13Installed column forms on plate head在承台上安装墩身模板What happening in this column? Thus the engineer sleep when pouring of the plate head or the surve

12、y dont mark the top elevation? 这座桥墩怎么了？难道是浇筑承台的时候工程师在睡觉吗？或者是测量队伍没有标注承台顶部的标高？14Installed embedments and steel bars on column head cap在墩帽安装预埋件和钢筋Is this installation of steel plate and reinforced steel bars as per drawing? Gap on steel plate and form and the steel bars are outside from the form? 钢板和加固

13、钢筋这样安装是符合设计的吗？为什么钢板和模板之间留有缝隙？为什么钢筋的位置已经超出了模板安装的位置？15Reinforcement concrete casting works混凝土浇注施工 Sequence of Works 工序：After installed steel bars and forms inspected by the local supervisor, preparation of concrete casting should be made. 安装完钢筋笼及模板，并由现场监理检查验收后，开始准备混凝土浇注 Checking of working platforms,

14、ladders and nets 检查施工平台、安全梯和防护网 Workability of the area. 检查现场可施工性； 16Concrete casting works 混凝土浇筑Good concrete works but after what will be the problem?, without curing and cleaning of waste concrete? 浇筑工作做的不错，但是接下来的问题是什么？没有养护吗？不清理残留的混凝土吗？17Preparation of areas for concrete pump and delivery transit

15、 mixers. 准备混凝土输送泵及搅拌机 During concreting the local supervisor should check the followings: 浇注过程中，现场监理需检查一下内容： 1. Concrete Delivery on site if the same as required strength. 现场运送到的混凝土是否符合要求强度 18Reinforcement concrete casting works混凝土浇注施工2. Temperature, delivery time limit and slump testing. 温度、运送时间上限、

16、塌落度试验；3. Taking concrete cubes samples and keep on safe places that could not be disturbed or move during setting time. 制作混凝土养护试块，放置在凝固期间不会受干扰和移动的地方；After concrete pouring the structure should be cleaned from waste concrete and curing should be done the next 12 hrs continuously. 浇注完成后，应该清理掉残留的混凝土，12

17、小时后要开始持续不断的养护。 19Concrete repair works混凝土修复工作：Working Method工作方法:In any minor or major concrete crack to be repairs： 混凝土养护期间，如出现裂缝、不管大小，都要进行修复； Chipping off the crack line and clean from dust and make it moist.先凿毛裂缝，清除尘土，再浇湿； After, application of approved epoxy mortar foundation and columns and for

18、 girders and slabs by using injection of approved liquefied epoxy mortar.对墩基和墩身使用环氧胶泥修复；对大梁修复也是一样，但要使用稀释环氧胶泥注入修复。 20Prestressed Girder Production预应力梁的生产Reinforcement and concrete casting:加固及混凝土浇筑 Installation of the steel bars as required in the drawing根据设计安装钢筋； Installation of the tubes for tendons

19、 base on the indicated approved design profile of the tendons, end blocks of anchorages and sealed off tightly and the required embedments.使用镀锌管做预应力线，设计剖面图中肯定也是这样要求的，必须将锚碇严密封紧，并按要求嵌入； 21Prestressed Girder Production预应力梁的生产The steel bars should be free from dirt and rust with enough concrete covering

20、. 钢筋需除尘、去锈，留出足够的混凝土保护层； The forms should be free from dirt, rust and applied form oils and fixed tightly. 模板需除尘、去锈，刷油，并固定紧实； Prior to concrete pouring, there should be prepared a required numbers of concrete vibrators and for standby in case of breakdown. 浇注混凝土前，要准备好足够数量的振动器，且要有备用； 22On concreting,

21、the concrete mix should be as required on the design strength, temperature, delivery time limit, slump testing and taking cube samples. 混凝土浇筑期间，搅拌、温度、运输时间、塌落度均须达到设计要求的强度，并制作养护模块； During concrete pouring, it should be done on a time limit of discharging from the transit mixer and laying, since the mi

22、x is a fast setting and properly compacted by form vibrators and engine vibrators. 混凝土浇筑须控制在限定时间内，因为搅拌混凝土凝固较快，还需要模壳振动器或引擎振动器正确地进行捣固； 23Casting concrete of Girder梁的混凝土浇筑Good placing of concrete, but it should be properly cured and cement painting of the starter bars for railings 浇筑作业不错，但是要做好养护工作，同时要在

23、预留搭接钢筋上刷一层水泥砂浆24Prestressed Girder Production预应力梁的生产Tensioning Works 张拉施工:Prior to Tensioning Works 张拉之前:The hydraulic pump and jack should be check for their working capabilities and its gauge pressure if accurately working and calibrated. 检查液氧泵及千斤顶性能，并校准压力表； Prepare the design tensioning datas and

24、 the required values of elongation and load pressure on site. 准备好张拉数据，以及要求的延伸率和负荷压力； 25Cleaning the holes by means of pressurized water jet or air compressor.用高压喷水机或风泵清理洞孔； Install the required bundled tendons in each holes, tendon wires should be free from rust and dirt.在每个洞孔内装入预应力筋，必须保证无尘土、锈、及油； I

25、nstall the end block anchorages and wedges each end holes of the girder.在每个洞口装上夹板和垫片； Check all anchorages and wedges if properly installed and inserted. 检查所有夹板和垫片是否都埋入和镶嵌好； 26Prestressed Girder Production预应力梁的生产During tensioning in each holes, elongation and load pressure should be check if the sam

26、e in the required design load and elongations with properly recorded by LS for its 20%(initial tensioning) and 100%(final tensioning) 张拉时，必须检查每个洞孔延伸率及负荷压力是否与设计要求一致，监理对需对张力到20%和完成（100%）时的这两项数据进行记录In case there is slippage or break of tendon wire, all tendon wires in a hole should be replace and repea

27、t tensioning. 一旦有预应力筋移动或断裂，每条筋都必须更换，重新张拉； Prior to start the tensioning works, LS should be check the equipments, tendons, anchorages, wedges, datas and values of elongation and load pressure and witnessing the tensioning works. 开始张拉前，现场监理需检查设备、预应力筋、锚碇、楔子、及延伸率和负荷压力数据，并现场观察整个拉张作业。 27Stressing of Gird

28、ers 梁的张力工作This girder ready for tensioning but why the tendon tails are too long and unsafe? 这片梁准备做张拉，但是为什么钢筋键这么长，而且不安全？28Prestressed Girder Production预应力梁的生产Grouting Works 灌浆工作 :All grouting equipment should be check its workability (mixing and grouting machines). 必须检查所有灌浆设备（搅拌机、灌浆机）性能； Check the r

29、equired design grout mixture, pumping pressure, flow ability of the mixture and properties of mixture.检查水泥浆搅拌度、泵压、流动性与设计要求是否一致； Prior to start grouting, the end blocks should be tightly sealed off with provided inlet and outlet small tubes. 开始灌浆前，必须在每端都安装内导、外导管，将夹板固定死； 29Clean the holes by means of

30、air pressure of the grouting machines. 用灌浆机的风压把孔洞清理干净； During grouting works, pressure load and quantity of the grout mixture should be taken cube samples check and recorded by the supervisor. 灌浆时，监理须对负荷压力及灌浆量进行检查和记录； The grout should be goes to inlet and out to the outlet tube with the required pre

31、ssure gauge reading and close simultaneously.水泥浆需在限定表压下从内导管灌入，从外导管溢出，然后同时将两根导管封闭；30Prestressed Girder Launching works预制梁吊装施工 Launching Procedure: 吊装工序： Prior to start the delivery of the prestressed girder on its assigned piers, preparation of the equipments, access road, lifting accessories, safety

32、 requirement and stability of crane positioning and location should be check, properly arranged and coordinated.在开始把预置梁吊装至对应桥墩前，需把设备、通道、吊装附件、安全装备、吊车性能和入场检查、安排、协调到位； 31The required bearing plates should be already set with required elevation and coordinates and alignment by survey team. 测量队伍须对支承台标高、放

33、线、坐标进行测量，根据数据将支承板安装到位；During transport and lifting, the prestressed girder should be carefully handed that it will not be occur cracks or damages. Lifting should be coordinately done and safe with sufficient safety personnel to maintain the protection of the crew and the public. 吊运预置梁过程中，要特别注意，避免预置梁

34、出现裂痕或受损。期间，要做好组织协调，安排足够安全人员维持秩序，保证工人和周边人员安全； Placement of the girder on its proper location should be carefully done on the bearing plates. 将预置梁正确吊装至预定位置需要在支承台上细致地操作 32 Safety Matters and Precautions安全与注意事项 Proper implementation of safety on the site and working areas:现场和施工区域要认真落实安全规章制度：All excavated pits/plate heads should be properly provided with safety barricade and signages.所有开挖基坑、承台应有安全围栏和标志。Handling of excavated mud soil should be disposed regularly by using closed steel container or closed dump trucks.泥浆的处理应采用密闭的钢制容器或密闭的倾倒卡车。In elevated works above 3m in heig