高中英语情态动词详解2017

1、情态动词Modal verbs 常用的情态动词can （could）may（might）shall（should）will （would） mustdare （dared）need have to ought to be able toused toThe features（特点) of the modal verbs: 1. 情态动词本身有词义, 但词义不完全. 2. 不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语. 3. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化( 除“have to”). 4. 没有不定式、V-ing 、V-ed 形式. He can/could/must/may/might/shall/

2、 should/need/dare/dared/will/would/ought to/ used to + work in that factory.He has to go home now.He had to look after his sick mother.在情态动词的使用中, 我们要注意以下考点:1. 情态动词的基本用法。2 .情态动词表推测的用法。3. 情态动词+have done 的用法。 1.表“能力” can ,could的用法I can/ am able to swim.I could/ was able to climb a tree when I was a chi

3、ld.I will be able to swim next week.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 1. can 表示现在的能力2. could表示过去的能力3. be able to 表能力，可用于多种时态4. be able to 强调成功地做了某事2.表“请求,许可”could用来表示请求的时候比can 更委婉Can you help me with my English?He said I could borrow his bike.Could I us

4、e your bike? Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _A. might B. will C. can D. should3.表“可能性”can ,could 用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，“经验之谈”As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.can ,could用在疑问句中表推测,表示可能性 Can she be in the classroom?can ,could用在否定句中表推测，翻译成“不可能 ”We thought the story couldnt be tr

5、ue. 1. Mary _ be in Paris，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes agoAmustnt Bcant Cshouldnt Dmay not2. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would1.表“询问” (might比用may更客气.) May I ? (=Can I ?)Might I ? (=Could I ?)May I borrow your book?may与might用法May I

6、pick a flower in the garden? _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont注意：may I ? 的答语.肯定: Yes, you may . 否定: No, you mustnt (语气强硬) No, you may not. 或 No, youd better not.2.表“许可”You may take the boy thereHe said that I might use his telephone. Might I watch TV after supper

7、? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. could3.表推测，表示主观上的推测，“可能，也许”，不用于疑问句, might比may的可能性更小She may not like this place. Im afraid he might not like this place. Peter come with us tonight，but he isnt very sure yetAmust Bmay Ccan Dwill 1.must 表示主观上的必须，应该，没有时态变化。 You must do everything as I do.注意:Must

8、 I finish my homework today? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.must 的用法“必须、不得不”must表示的是说话人的主观看法。 have to 表示的是客观需要。（是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。）I have to be at my office every evening.注意：1.have to的否定形式dont have to表示不必。2.have to可用于多种时态中。 1. In crowded places lik

9、e airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must D. will2. Must he come to sign this paper himself? Yes, he_. A. need B. must C. may D. will 2. must表示肯定的推测。 The light is still on, so he must be at home.Look at his new car. He _ have a lot of money.A. should B. s

10、hall C. may D. must3.must表示“一定要”、“坚持” “偏要”、“偏偏” 。表示与说话人的愿望相反. If you must go，at least wait till the storm is overMust you make so much noise？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？May I smoke here ? If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must4. mustnt 表示禁止做某事。 You mustnt smoke in the offic

11、e.When I was young , I was told that I _ play with matches. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darentshall作助动词，用于第一人称，表示将来，should 是shall 的过去式We shall start for Beijing tomorrow.shall作情态动词1： 用于第一人称和第三人称，表示征求对方意见或请求指示 Shall we begin our lesson? Shall I/she sit here?shall与should用法-Sir, _ he go or stay?-

12、Let him go.A. will B. shall C. might D. could2: shall 用于第二、三人称，表示允诺、警告、威胁、命令、决心等。 You shall have a nice present for your birthday. You shall be sorry for what you have done. When he comes in nobody shall say a word. Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.(允诺)(允)(警告)(命令)(决心)1. It has been

13、announced that candidates(候选人) _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall2. Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt3). shall用于条约，规定

14、，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。“The interest （利益） _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall 1. should= ought to 表示劝告，建议，意为“应该”，ought to 语气更强些，强调“有责任，有义务做”A: Ill start the work tomorrow.B: I think you should start today

15、.C: No, you ought to start at once. (语气更强） should / ought to的否定形式表示“不应该”Children shouldnt smoke.Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. will B. would C. should D. mustWhat time ought I _?Aarrived Barriving Carrive Dto arriveHe _ speak to his mot

16、her like that.Aought not to Bdoesnt ought to Cnot ought to Dought to not2. should 可表示说话人的感情如 “惊奇” “愤怒” “失望” “不满”等.翻译为“竟然，居然”Idontbelievethatthelittlegirlshouldspeak twodifferentlanguages! 我不相信这个小女孩竟然能说两种不同的语言！I cant believe my eyes. Such well-educatedgentleman _ behave like this!would B. should C. c

17、an D. must3. should表推测, 意为“可能；该”, 相当于be expected to。往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性”进行描述，语气上不如must强。Mr. Black must be home by now.Mr. Black ought to / should be home by now.布莱克先生现在一定到家了。（肯定）布莱克先生估计是到家了。（不能肯定）2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12：00 Ac

18、an Bshould Cmight Dneed3. Its nearly seven oclockJack _ be here at any moment Amust Bneed Cshould Dcan1. Will Mr. Wang offer us a hand? He _ be glad toHe never refused our request Acan Bmust Cmay Dshould 1. will 作情态动词用时在陈述句中可用各人称作主语, 表示其 “意志” “意愿” “决心”等.I will never do that again.I will give up smok

19、ing. Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. No, I.A. dont B. cant C. wont D. couldntwill 和would 的用法2. will在疑问句中用第二人称作主语, 表示说话人向对方提出请示或询问. 不如would委婉Will /Would you pass me the book?Will he pay for me?Would you like to come with us?3. will有时表示一种习惯动作或状态或自然规律. (表示习惯, 经常性, 倾向性)惯于, 总是(会), 终

20、归是 。Boys will be boys. 男孩终归是男孩。 Matches will not strike if they are damp. 火柴潮湿就擦不着。 The door _ open.这门经常打不开。 wontwould 可用于各人称, 表示过去时间的 “意志” “愿望” 和 决心”.2. would 表示说话人本身的 “意志” 或向对方提出 “请求.3. would 还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作.He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （现在可能散步也可能不散步了）used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在

21、的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。 He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. （而现在不散步了）Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. would1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Dare (need) +S +VS + darent (neednt) +VI darent walk through the forest at night.Dare you wa

22、lk through the forest at night?You neednt return the book now.Need he do it all at once?可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare dare ,need 的用法2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中, 有人称、时态、和数的变化He needs to go there himself.He has grown up,we dont need to worry about him.3.Sth (sb) need( want, require)+ doing/ to be done The house needs

23、 cleaning/ to be cleaned The boy needs sending to the hospital at once.句型时态情态动词dare实义动词 dare肯定句现在时dare dodare/dares to do过去时dared dodared to do否定句现在时darent/dare not dodo/does not dare (to) do过去时dared not dodid not dare (to) do疑问句 现在时Dare he do? Do you/Does he dare (to) do? 过去时Dared he do?Did he dare

24、 (to) do 1.I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say2.I wonder how she the drunken sailor the other day.A. dare fighting off B. dared fight off C. dare to fight off D. dared fighting off3.The dog hibernate(冬眠) in winter.A. dont need B. doesnt n

25、eed to C. needs not to D. needs not注意对need问句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.you mustyou needntyou dont have toneednt 对其它情态动词的回答: -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _. neednt (dont have to) neednt(dont have to)二、情态动词表推测1. 肯定的推测一般用must, shou

26、ld, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，_的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；_的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；_的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。mustshouldmay（might），could- Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might-Hi, tom. Any idea where Jane is? She _ in the classroom. I s

27、aw her just now. A. shall be B. will be C. must be D. can beAccording to the speed, the car _ arrive at Shanghai before it gets dark. A. shall B. should C. can D. need 注：can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示“有时”之意。如：Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. _She can be very unp

28、leasant. _Food poisoning can cause death. _即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。她有时很令人讨厌。食物中毒可导致死亡。Read and translate:It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime.A. must B. can C. should D. wouldPeter _ be really difficult to deal with at times even though he is a nice person in general.A

29、. shall B. should C. can D. mustat times :有时；偶尔2. 否定推测分为两种情况： 1）语气不是很肯定时，常用may not, might not，译为_ 2）否定语气较强时，则用_，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，可能不、也许不can tMale customers_ not like the design of the furniture. A. must B. shall C. may D. need Isnt that Anns husband over there? No, it _ be him Im sure he doesnt wear

30、 glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？ A. can B. should C. may D. must4. 对已发生事情的推测。肯定推测常用“must, may, might+完成式”； 否定和疑问推测常用“can, could ， may, might+完成式” 。 must have done: _cant

31、 / couldnt have done: _may/ might have done:_想必一定做了某事不可能做了某事可能 /或许已经 Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. mustB. should C. must have D. should haveMy MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where_I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would I

32、cant find my purse anywhere. - You _ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would 1. must + have + 过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的推测。 三情态动词+have + P.P.He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。Its six oclock already, we must have been late again. 已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了2. cant/couldnt+have+P.P

33、表示对过去某事的否定猜测He couldnt have been to that town.3. may(might)+ have+P.P, 表示对过去事情的猜测, 认为某事“可能”发生. (might比may更含蓄,或更不肯定.)He may (might) have played electric game on TV the whole night. For he looks very sleepy.could+have+P.Pa.表示本来能做得到, 但事实上未做到He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow ca

34、me.can/could +have +P.Pb. 表示对过去事情的推测(只用于疑问句) He didnt come back last night . What could have happened to him.4. should/ ought to + have +P.P.过去本该做，而事实上却没有做，表 “责备” 或 “惋惜” should not / ought not to + have + P.P. 过去本不该做，而事实上却做了，表 “责备” 或 “惋惜”The plant is dead. I should have given it more water.You shoul

35、d not have left your baby alone in the house.5. neednt + have + P.P.表示本来不必做，但做了.She need not have attend the meeting yesterday, but she did.(她昨天本不必参加会议，可她参加了.)1. The river is rising. It _last night.must be raining B. must rain C. might have rained D. must have rained2. I didnt hear the phone. I _asl

36、eep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been3.-There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journeyA. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been4.You yesterday if you were really serious about your work.A

37、. ought to come B. ought to be comingC. ought to have come D. ought have come 5.You _ all these boxes yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant. A. didnt need to carry B. neednt have carried C. neednt carry D. didnt need carry6.Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting

38、, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving7. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have toldPractice 1. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she is

39、nt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can 2. -Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. -It _ Harrys. He always wears green. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be 3. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers_ not like the design of the furniture. A. mus

40、t B. shall C. may D. need 4. Children under 12 years of age in that country_ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A. must B. may C. can D. need 5. The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D.

41、 shall 6. I _ pay Tom a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C. would D. could 7. -I dont mind telling you what I know. -You _. Im not asking you for it. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 8. -Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.

42、 -You_ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 9. -Excuse me. Is that the right way to the Summer Palace? -Sorry, Im not sure, but it _ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can 10. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _report it to the p

43、olice? A. should B. may C. will D. can 11. You _ be tired-youve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not 12. -Who is the girl standing over there? - Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall13. There_ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt 14. -Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. - She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt15. He _ have completed his wor