高三英语非谓语动词专题学案一

1、非谓语动词学案（一）非谓语动词作为英语中最重要的基础语法之一，在高的体现，绝对不是几个填空题那么简单。在阅读中，如果不懂非谓语的含义，学生就很难正确理解其中的长难句，进而影响对整篇文章的理解。在写作中，如果没有非谓语的出现，学生就很难写出一篇好的文章。所以，真正系统全面地理解非谓语的含义及用法，是十分必要的。一、非谓语动词的概念（即非谓语动词）顾名思义，非谓语动词是指句子中不作谓语的动词。（二、非谓语的基本形式：1.是动词。2.不作谓语）ng 现在分词（作定语，状语，补语时）动名词（作主语，宾语，表语时）to do 动词不定式done 过去分词1.2.3.三、句能（即在句中可以作哪些成分）根据

2、概念定义，非谓语在句中能作除了谓语以外的所有成分。（即主宾表定状补），以下做详细说明解释。1. 作主语(1)作主语时，一般情况下，选择动名词称之为动名词）。(一般首选动名词ng 或不定 to do 都可以,相当于一个名词（故ngng)Hesiing means failure. =To hesie means failure.Thinking of you makes me old. =To think of you makes me old.Knowing olf is difficult. =To know olf is difficult.动名词多强调抽象的，概念性的动作，可以是多次的，

3、经常性的动作。不定式多强调具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火。(泛指玩火)To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火会发生。(一次具体的动作)(2)ng 和 to do 都表示主动的概念，表达概念时得用 done，但 done 是不能直接作主语的，此时，可以把 done 改为 being done 或 to be done 就可以了。仍然首选 being done。 Misunderstood is terrible.()Being misunderstood is terrible.=To be mi

4、sunderstood is terrible.()总结：非谓语作主语时，表主动可以用to be done。ng，to do, 表时用 being done 或注意：不定式作主语时，往往由 it 代替它作形式主语（只能是 it），不定式则移至谓语之后。（平衡句子）It means failure to hesie.It makes me old to think of you.句型 It is +a/n/done for/of sb to do sth.(仍然称之为不定式作主语)It is difficult for us to know ourselves. It is kind of yo

5、u to help me.2. 作宾语（动宾或介宾）作宾语时与作主语用法一样，都相当于一个名词（故ng 称之为动名词），表主动可以用ng，to do, 表时用 being done 或 to be done。介词后的宾语只能用ng 或 being done。另外，动宾结构大多都是固定用法，需要专门。平时的哪些动词后接ng，哪些动词后接 to do，哪些动词都能接，意义有无区别，实际上，都是在积累非谓语作宾语的用法。常跟动名词ng 作宾语的动词有：admit, finish, avoid, practice, enjoy,excuse, miss(错过), imagine, apprete, d

6、elay,deny, consider,tpone, risk, resist, allow, ban 等等。mind, suggest,He admitted taking the watch.I apprete her devoting herself to the cause of education.(her devoting 逻辑主语)Theernmens banned logging to protect the environment.He couldnt imagine being cheated by his best friend.She did this to avoid

7、 being misunderstood by others.常跟不定式 to do 作宾语的动词有：agree, decline, refuse, attempt, promise, offer, decide, hope,end, expect, pretend, fail, wish,want, voteer, prepare, tend, claim, learn, desire, manage, long, plan, dare 等等。She longed to go back to her hometown.I cant afford to takano lessons.He pr

8、etended to be killed by the bear.I expected to be praised by my teacher.既可以跟动名词作宾语，又可以跟不定式作宾语的动词有： fet, remember, regret, try, mean 此时，要考虑二者的区别。 I will try to help you.(尽力)I try helyou.(尝试)介词或介词短语有：go on, insist on, think of, put off, because of, pay attention to, look forward to, be keen on, befor，

9、feel like, consist in 等等，这些短时要用 being done。fond of, aim at, be afraid of, be engaged in, have语都是以介词结尾，后边都要跟She left without saying goodbye to us.ng，表True happiness consists in being content with oI am looking forward to seeing you.He was afraid of being cheated by his friends.lf.注意：make, find, consi

10、der, feel, think 等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，补语是形容词或名词，那么，常用 it 作形式宾语，把不定式移后。即所学的重点句型：make/ find/ feel/ consider/ think it +a/ n (for sb) to do sth (仍然称之为不定式作宾语)I find it difficult to work with him. I feel it useless to argue with her. He made it a rule to get up early.3. 作表语ng 称之为动名词），表主作表语时与作主语，宾语用法一样，都相当于一个名词（

11、故动可以用ng，to do, 表时用 being done 或 to be done。动名词多强调抽象的，概念性的动作，可以是多次的，经常性的动作。不定式多强调具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。另外，表示将来的，计划的，有目的的事情也多用不定式作表语，结构。His favorite sport is swimming.（泛指游泳）Your task today is to wash the curtains.（一次具体的工作）be to doality in children.（表目的）The pure of education is to develop a fineHe was to go

12、out when his friend came to visit him.（计划，打算，安排）You are to be rewarded.（应授 It is nowhere to be found.（表，表）He is not to be feared.（不应怕他）总结：非谓语作主语，宾语，表语时，都相当于一个名词（动名词的原因），用法基本相同，时刻注意固定结构和主4. 作宾语补足语是十分重要的。(1). 宾语补足语是指在英语中有些及物动词后边接了宾语意义仍然不完整，还需要对其宾语作做补充说明的一些成分。例如：want sb to do 中 want 是谓语动词，sb 是宾语，而 to d

13、o 就是 sb 补足语。非谓语作宾语补足语大多都是固定结构（很多同学背了很多这样的结构，只是不知道叫做补足语），需要专门。常跟不定式 to do 作宾语补足语的动词有：allow, ask, encourage, forbid, remind, like, want, order,l, expect, cause, invite 等等. He asked his parents to help him.What caused her to give up her studies? He likes his wife to dress well.(2). 后接非谓语作宾补的常见词汇，常见考点汇总

14、With 发现 与保持， 看 听 留下 抓 使役。(这八个词用法要牢记于心，做题时要敏感，考查十分频繁。)With +sb/ sth+ng(主动,进行)/done(，完成)/to do(主均可，表将来)切记：with 是介词，只要与动词搭边连用，都是非谓语，区别 as.With my teacher helme, I be ve my English will improve.(As my teacher helps me )WiWilot of problems settled, he was happy.(As a lot of problems have been settled)lot

15、 of problems to settle, he was noppy.(As a lot of problems are to be settled)表示看听意义的词很多，有 see, watch, notice, observe, hear 等，它们用法基本一致，以see 为例，说明用法。see + sb/ sthng(看见正在做，主动) /do(看见做了，过程，主动) /done(看见被- done(正被做)I heard her sing an English song.听见她唱了一首英语歌。I heard her singing an English song.听见她在唱一首英语歌

16、。 I heard an English song sung by her.英语歌被唱。I would like to see the plan carried out.find/ spot sb/ sthng(主动，正在做) /done()/beingcatch sbngbe caughtngHe was caught stealing sth.leave sb/ sthng(主动)/ done（）Mum went to work, leaving her baby crying at home.Mum went to work, leaving the food untouched.keep sb/ sthng(主动) /done()It is wrong to keep the machine running.You should keep me informed of the news.使役动词就是意义为“使have 四个，常见用