1-大数据时代的组学研究【兰州大学生物信息学】课件(PPT 31页)

1、“Traditional” VS “Modern” ways第1页，共31页。Breakthrough of sequencing technologies1st : Sanger 2nd : Illumina Solexa; Roche 454; ABI SOLID3rd : PacBio SMRT; Oxford Nanopore第2页，共31页。Human Genome Project(HGP)30亿美元30亿个碱基对1984199020032015第3页，共31页。The nations of the world must see that the human genome belon

2、gs to the worlds people, as opposed to its nations.- James D. Watson第4页，共31页。The 1000 Genomes Project第5页，共31页。The 1000 Genomes Project第6页，共31页。All organisms have a genome第7页，共31页。Plants&Animals第8页，共31页。Tree of Life第9页，共31页。Genome always be the initial understanding of a species第10页，共31页。Life is comp

3、licated and systematic 第11页，共31页。中心法则 & Omics基因组De novo 测序Re-sequencingMetagenomicsEpigenomics转录组mRNAlncRNASmall RNADegradome蛋白组ProteomeMetabolomeATCG第12页，共31页。De novo genome第13页，共31页。第14页，共31页。第15页，共31页。第16页，共31页。第17页，共31页。Comparative genomicsSynteny analysis Gene family expansion and subtraction D

4、iversity between species Genome rearrangement Chromosome fusion and fission Ultra conserved elements Accelerative evolving regions Phylogenomics 第18页，共31页。Gene expansion in the yak genomesensory perception energy metabolism 第19页，共31页。第20页，共31页。第21页，共31页。第22页，共31页。Population genomics第23页，共31页。Wild ya

5、kDomestic yakPopulation structure第24页，共31页。Selection sweeps log-ratio0.65 and FST 0.17182 regions (14.5Mb, 0.54% of the genome)209 genesOverrepresented GO:Regulation of transmission of nerve impulse (GO:0051969)Arc, ASPA, ATP2B2, MYO6, NTRK2, Rab40c, SNCA, and TG30 genes involved in Neurogenesis and

6、 behaviorOnly a few genes subject to physical characteristics and economically significant traitsEarly Domestication StageA trade-off between survival of yaks in a harsh high-altitude environment and performance under pastoral conditions第25页，共31页。Demographic history inferred from SFSDomestication of

7、 yak Human colonization in QTP Present2nd population expansionsbarley cultivation1st population expansionssettle and establish villages(agricultural settlements)5,20010,0007,0004,0003,000第26页，共31页。Metagenomics第27页，共31页。EpigenomicsTwins Expression regulationGenomic imprintingTissue specific gene expressionDiseases re