专四语法(主要句子结构)-共18页课件

1、句子结构句子的划分I. 根据结构划分：简单句S+V（主+谓）eg. Internet dating hurts.S+V+P(主+谓+表) I am a teacher. Still water runs deep. 静水流深。 S+V+O（主+谓+宾）I like chatting online. She is doing her homework.S+V+o+O（主+谓+间宾+直宾）eg. I lend her some money.S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾补）eg. She often asks me to help her. 双宾语英语中，有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，即指人的间接宾

2、语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语称为双宾语。句子结构为：主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：My parents bought me a computer.双宾语用法要点 1、间接宾语可以改为由介词to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语后面。eg. He gave her some chips. = He gave some chips to her. 2、以下几种情况通常要用介词to或for引起的短语：1)当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them)时。eg. This book is Mr Wangs. Please give it to him. 2)当强调间接宾语时。eg. Mother cook

3、s meals for us every day. 3)当间接宾语比直接宾语长一些时。eg. On the bus, she often gives her seat to the old person. 3、由to引出间接宾语的动词有：give, show, pass, lend, take, tell, write, send, hand, bring等；由for引出间接宾语的动词有：buy, make, cook, get, sing, read, build, choose, cut, do, find, fix, leave, order等复合宾语英语中有些及物动词接了宾语之后还需接

4、宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况，否则句子意思就不完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称为“复合宾语”。句子结构为：“主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语”。能作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、介词短语等。eg. He made us laugh.复合宾语用法要点 1、常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find等。eg. We must keep our classroom clean. 2、常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, make, think等。eg. We call them mooncakes. 3、常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动

5、词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等。eg. In the country, we can hear birds singing. 4、常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, find, leave等。eg. I left my pen on my desk at home. 5、常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish等；接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, make, let等。eg. I often see him play football. She

6、often asks me to help her. 判断其是双宾语还是复合宾语要看宾语与其后面的成分之间的关系：如果宾语与其后成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系(或主表关系)，那么该动词所接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。eg. Who kept you waiting so long? (宾语you与waiting之间存在着主谓关系，因此you waiting是复合宾语。) 并列句 and, but, or, so, for, etc.eg. I like action movies but dont like thrillers. Id better take an umbrella, for

7、 it is going to rain. 复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同） 副词从句（状语从句） 形容词从句（定语从句）II. 根据功能划分： 陈述句疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句eg. Do you like tea or（do you like）coffee？反意疑问句eg. You have completed that job, havent you? 祈使句用以表示请求，命令，劝告，建议等语气的句子。主语You 常省略，只以动词原形开头。一般没有时态变化，不与情态动词连用。Stop bugging me.Dont judge a book by its cover.Lets

8、 hope for the best.Let bygones be bygones.Make hay while sun shines.晒草要趁太阳好。（抓住有利时机。）感叹句主要由what和how来引导。What 结构主要有三种A. What a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+谓语！eg. What a lovely boy he is!B. What + 形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分！ eg. What foolish mistakes you have made. What nice weather (it is)!C. What + a(n) +可数名词单数！ How 结构主要有三种：A. How+形容词/副词+主谓部分eg. How lovely the boy is! How fast the