浙江大学学士学位英语考试语法资料整理5.主谓一致到代词

1、wordwordPAGE 文档word七、主谓一致重点主语是相当于名词的不定式、从句、动名词时，谓语动词要用单数Teaching languagesisan interesting job.That the earth is roundhasbeen proved true.When they go to the factory to have practicehas not been told them so far.so far现在完成时标志词，等于to date=as yet 翻译成：到目前为止、迄今。How close parents are to their children _ B

2、 _ a strong influence in the character of the children. A. have B. has C. having D. to have事件、国家、机构名称、书刊与其他作品名称作主语，谓语用单数：The United Stateswas formed in 1776.The New York Times纽约时报 still has a wide circulation.表示时间、距离、重量、度量、价值等的复数形式主语，谓语动词习惯上用单数：Two weekswas too long.Ten dollarsis a small sum.表示学科和某些

3、疾病名称的复数名称作主语，谓语用单数：Economics经济学studies the ways which determine the economic phenomena.Measles麻疹is a disease to take seriously.谓语动词涉与第三人称单数在该动词后加-sChinese, English, French, Japanese等指语言时，谓语用单数；指人民时，用复数：Chineseis a difficult language.The Chineseare kind and friendly.6“The +形容词或分词表示一类的复数。The youngare

4、full of vigor=energy活力、朝气.The injuredwere taken to hospital.The injured man/woman was taken to hospital7由and连接的两个名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。He and I are great friends.但如下情况谓语动词用单数and 所连接的主语表示“单一的人或物时：A writer and educatorhas visited our school.一位作家兼教育家，一个人两重身份。只有一个不定冠词管到两个名词。law and order 法治horse and cart 马车brea

5、d and milk 牛奶面包 time and tide 岁月 bread and=with butter奶油 奶油面包trial做实验 and error 试错法术语：通过做实验不断地在错误当中走向成功的一种方法 fish and chips切的片 炸鱼土豆片 knife and fork 刀叉法治马车试错法刀叉 这四个必须记住 eg. 1) If law and order _ is _ (be) not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. 2) The iron and steel钢铁 industry _

6、A _ an important part in our national economy. A. plays B. played C. play D. playing 3) Theowner and editor of the newspaper _ C _ the conference. A. were attending B. were to attend C. is to attend D. are to attend注：如果两个由 and 连接的名词前都有冠词，或者两个名词单复数不一致，如此谓语用复数：A writer andan educatorhaveA writer and e

7、ducatorshave visited our school. 一位作家和许多教育家参观了我们的学校由and 连接的主语前有every/each/no等形容词时,谓语动词一定用单数。Every boy and (every) girlis eager to learn English.No teacher and (no) studentwas present.8主语用or 或nor 连接时，谓语与“后面最近的主语保持一致：就近原如此 Either he or Iam in the wrong. Neither he nor you are in the wrong.Are you or h

8、e to blame?9如下情况，谓语动词跟B 保持一致：就近原如此not A butB 不是而是not only A but also B 不仅而且Not only he but also you are in the wrong.Not only you but als he is in the wrong.Not you but I am to blame.不是你而是我要受到责备。10如下情况，谓语动词跟A一致： A with B A和BA, together with B, A一道BA, along with B, A 陪同BA, acpanied by B, A包括BA, inclu

9、ding B, 谓语动词与_一致A, no less than B, A不少于BA as well as B A 和 B A except / but B A 除了B，不包括除去的那一局部A besides B A除了B，包括除去的那一局部The bat together with the balls was stolen.You as well as he are wrong.Nobodybut you has made a mistake.除了你以外没人犯错误。11如下场合，视实际情况而定：Some of 一些Most of 大局部Half of 一半 单数可数名词或不可数名词 谓语动词用

10、_单数_Part of 局部 + Plenty of 许多 复数名词 谓语动词用_复数_The rest of 其余的A lot of 许多One third of 三分之一的分数表示法：分子用基数词分母用序数词；分子是2以上的分母用复数三分之二：two thirds ofMost of my friendsare diligent.Most of my time is spent in reading.12 many a +单数可数名词 谓语动词用单数 many + 复数可数名词 谓语动词用复数Many a student is here. = Many students are here.

11、13某些不定代词，如：anybody, somebody, anyone, someone, everybody, nobody, anything, something, nothing, everything, no one=none= nobody. 作主语时，谓语用单数：Everything around us is matter.Somebody有人is using the telephone.14集合名词作主语时，取决于其意义： 表示“整体时 谓语动词用单数表示其中的“个体成员时 谓语动词用复数The familyis the basic unit of our society.T

12、he familywere watching TV then.Army军队, audience观众听众, band乐队, board董事会委员会, crowd人群, cattle牛群马群之类的, class班级, club俱乐部夜总会, mittee委员会,Crew全体工作人员, family家庭, firm公司事务所, gang一帮人, government政府, party政党党派, police警察, staff职员, team队，组, cattle牛群马群之类的 / family家庭/police警察/team队，组, 这几个一定要记住，常考。The police are chasin

13、g追赶 a chief.The policemanis chasing a chief.The police is the law enforcing organization警察是执法机构15More than 接数量单词表示超过+ 单数可数名词 谓语动词用单数More than + 复数名词 谓语动词用复数More thanone person不止一个人is involved in this case.More than three hundred peopleare working in this pany.16定语从句中的主谓一致：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语与先行词保持

14、一致：The personwho关系代词gets there first is served first.“one of + 复数名词后的定语从句中谓语用_复数_：This is one of the roomsthat were damaged in the fire.Jane is one of those persons who always _think_ (think) they are right.That is one of those remarksthat _are_ (be) intended to start arguments.但是，当one 前面有the only 等

15、修饰时，定语从句中谓语用单数：She is the onlyone of those girlswho _ (be) willing to take a make-up exam.八、介词1. Its beyondmy power固定搭配 to make final decision on the matter. 关于这件事情我无权作最终的决定。A. off B. outside C. above D. beyondbeyond超过，在以外；beyond ones power权力力量在某人权力以外/无权beyond ones dream 做梦都想不到beyond ones ability没有能

16、力作，在能力以外beyond ones reach 够不着 ：you should put the medicine beyond the childrens reach你应该把药放在小孩够不着的地方。beyond ones prehension理解不能理解，无法理解2. _ On _ my return, I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back for several hours. A. At B. On C. With D. DuringOn/upon +名词相当于as soon

17、 as/when刚.就；当 引导的时间状语从句3. _ For _ all our kindness to help her, Sarah refused to listen to us. A. At B. For C. In D. On For all 固定搭配=despite=in spite of=regrardless of=ireespective of翻译成尽管、不管、不顾，引导转折、让步关系的介词，单独用4. Modern man faces dangers pletely unknown _ to _ his predecessors祖先. A. for B. to C. of

18、 D. by Be knowen for 因而知名Be knowen to 对于来说，为而熟知Be unknown to为所不熟知5. I dont want to lend any more money to him; hes already in debt _ to _ me.A. to B. for C. of D. with in debt to 欠某人的钱6. Before the students set off A. to B. about C. in D. forSet a limit to 给设定一个限度注意：表示“防止、禁止等语意的动词: protect保护 prevent

19、防止 stop阻止 prohibit禁止 inhibit禁止 ban禁止 + 宾语 + _from _doing_ bar禁止 restrain限制 refrain抑制 dissuade劝阻 discourage使气馁 属于这类语意的动词群中，唯一例外的是：forbid禁止，其用法如下： forbid sb. to do sth. forbid, forbade / forbad, forbidden 另外：persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人去做encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人去做dissuade from _doing劝阻他不要做persuad

20、e sb. to dodiscourage from _doing丧失勇气不去做encourage sb. to do九、代词由and 连接的两个先行词，代词用复数：The touristandbusinessmen lost their luggage in the accident.由eitheror; neithernor; not only but also; or 连接的先行词，如果两个先行词在数和性上是一致的，就用其相应一致的人称代词；如果两个先行词在数或性上不一致，人称代词与邻近的先行词在数和性上保持一致：Neither Mary nor Alice has her key wi

21、th her.Neither the package northe letters have reached their destination.Neitherthe lettersnor the package包裹 has reached its destination目的地.当each, everyone, everybody, no one, none, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody作主语或主语的限定词时，其相应的代词用单数形式：Everybody talked at the top of his voice.None of the

22、 boys can do it, can he?Nobody wants to go there, does he?Everything, anything, something, nothing之类的不定代词作主语，句中相应的代词用单数形式，即“it：Everything is ready, isnt it?Something strange happened, didnt it?常用的反身代词短语：1) beside oneself 发疯发狂besides 介词John is beside himself with anger.2) (all) by oneself 独自一个人，独立地Ar

23、e you all by yourself? (= alone)孤单的一个人Did you do your homework by yourself? (= without help)独立3) for oneself 两层含义，独立的= by oneself 亲自He is old enough to do it for himself. (= without help)独立Youd better go and see for yourself. (= in person)亲自Both , either, neither与all, any, none (no)的用法： 全部任何一个全不两者Bo

24、th两者的任何一个Either两者全不Neither三者以上All三者以上的任何一个Any三者以上全不None / no _ of the two books holds the opinion观点 that the danger of nuclear war is increasing. A. None B. EitherC. Both D. Neither The medicine is on sale打折 everywhere. You can get it at _ chemists. A. each B. some C. certain D. anyThe other, the others, another的用法： one the other one the others one