全国卷阅读七选五试题分析及备考建议课件

1、全国卷阅读七选五试题分析及备考建议桂东一中 李应深考试内容题型特点知识与能力要求应对策略教学建议及案例内容提要一、考试内容阅读理解：第二节俗称“七选五”，也称“阅读填空/语篇填空”命题时，选取一篇结构规范，内容连贯、逻辑线索清晰的短文（词数为300词左右），从中挖取五个句子*设空。将这五个句子连同两个干扰性的句子，形成七个选择项。要求考生根据短文内容，从七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 新题型，有难度，要认真研究，系统备考。 二、题型特点题型特点（三个角度）题目选材题材体裁句子设空位置类型（功能试题难度总体趋势难点归因短文特点卷别年份长度体裁题材或主题 标题 有无特别词 新 课 标 卷

2、I2019274说明文如何在遭受背叛和欺骗后重建信任大标题steps2019280如何让孩子为未来的工作作准备小标题2019194商业、企业与企业管理无third等卷别年份长度体裁题材或主题 标题 有无特别词新课标卷2019286说明文如何抗压：孩子抗压的四个步骤大小标题steps2019291父母应适时跟孩子谈论钱财问题大小标题卷别年份长度体裁题材或主题 标题 有无特别词新课标卷II2019222说明文介绍马拉松训练的准备和渐进的过程无标题2019297如何在忙碌的生活中享受烹调的乐趣大小标题tips2019249如何进行公开的演讲训练大小标题考点分析 卷别新课标卷I新课标卷 年份20192

3、019201920192019主题句段落主题2112支撑句(主题句后)解释概念1说明原因1举例说明1分述主题31衔接句段中衔接14323结论句段末结论1新课标卷II 总题数(40)201920192019主题句段落主题1118支撑句(主题句后)解释概念1说明原因34举例说明11分述主题315衔接句段中衔接321519结论句段末结论112三、知识与能力要求阅读填空考查什么？主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及对上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握快速识别文章的类型，归纳文章的写作目的及功能，从整体上把握文章逻辑结构和内容联系运用语法和语篇知识，分析和理解句子的类型与功能通过对语篇逻辑性、连贯性和一致性的

4、解读，理解句子与句子之间、句子与段落之间、段落与段落之间的关系结论：综合考查语篇能力涉及的语篇知识对语篇结构特征的识别与解读语篇结构类型总-分-总；总-分；分-总；平行并列结构记叙：先叙后议；顺叙；倒叙议论：（谬论）-立论-论证-结论提出概念-（解释/拓展）概念-（总结）（引入）-问题-对策-（评价/新问题）问题-假设-研究过程-结果分析-结论；等等语段句子类型（功能与位置）标题、小标题、主题句、引入句、过渡句、拓展句、总结句（段首、段中、段末）涉及的语篇知识对语篇语言特征的识别与解读（含语法特征）一般语法特征：主谓一致、指代一致典型语言特征举例：说理性记叙文记叙文中一连串事件之间往往存在多种

5、关系：发生时间的先后关系整个过程的发展变化不同阶段事件之间的因果联系先叙事后概括（例-理）；先摆观点后举例典型的记叙文语篇标记（以2019年试题为例）对七个选项的语言特征分析Later I received 50 cents an hour.Before long, she let me sit there by myself.I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics.Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.My grandmas trust taught

6、 me how to handle responsibility.Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.选项排列：通常是由最短到最长依次排列，但也有可能由最长到最短依次排列(注：仅2019和2019两年的新课标卷I是由长到短依次排列)。四、应对策略知己知彼透彻理解新题型的构念及命题规律认真研读历年试题，透彻理解新题型的构念及命题规律对每个题目的具体知识和能力要求

7、进行分解，做好细致的归纳和分析学会判断试题的质量准确预测试题的难度及学生做题的困难水到渠成系统教授语篇知识及语篇分析方法归纳整理语篇知识项目，形成系列认真收集典型的语篇，进行归类和分析利用这些好的语篇教授语篇知识项目，引导学生学会利用语篇分析的方法来整体理解语篇结构及内容的逻辑联系、句子间内容的连贯与衔接，句子内部的语法一致性（主谓一致、时态一致、指代一致等），提高语篇意识和能力五、教学建议及案例1. 略读文章抓大意 即以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。

8、事实上，一般只需花510秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。2. 重点阅读上下句 因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。 事实上，如果没有时间来得及通读或细读，或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂，建议通过以下技巧，也基本上可以得满分。3. 看看结构变轻松 在解题过程中，除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松，一般可将7个选项缩小到24个选项，碰对的机率大大提高。(1) 标题结构。如果考查段落标题，先看看其他标题的语言形式，同一文章中的几个段落小标题基本上是同一语言

9、形式。如果其他标题是名词短语，该题答案也是名词短语；如果其他标题是祈使句，该题的答案也是祈使句。如：3. _74_ Begin at the grocery store. Pick out similar brands of a producta name brand butter and a generic(无商标产品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. (2019课标卷)A. W

10、ise decisions.B. The value of money.7个选项中只有A与B是名词短语(该标题也应是名词短语)解析： 本题要求选小标题。观察其他标题，都是名词短语，因此，本标题也应是名词短语；七个选项中只有A、B两个选项是名词短语，这样就可大大缩小选择范围； 浏览两个选项，再看空后文字，发现decisions与choices大意相同(近义词)，故选A项。12. _If you find a public speaking course that looks as though its going to give you lots of dos and donts, walk a

11、way! As far as were concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends. (2019课标卷II53)B. You already do lots of things wellC. Turn your back on too many rulesD. Check the rules about dos and dontsC(2) 句子结构。如果正确选项只是某个句子的一个部分，就要看看空后这个部分是不是句子，如

12、果是句子，看看是否有连词，如果没有连词，要选的正确选项就应是短语或是带有连词的从句。如：Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. _36_, buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. (2019课标卷II)A. After six daysB. For a good marathon runnerC. Before you begin yo

13、ur training祈使句,无连词 选短语或带连词的句子 仅有三个选项符合 “训练”之前“买鞋”，作好“准备”解析： 从句式结构上看，逗号后是祈使句，没有连词，正确答案要么是带有连词的从句，要么是一个短语，只有A、 B、 C三个选项符合，这样就缩小了选择范围； 根据空前句中的preparation (准备)和常识可知是“训练前”，故选C项。26. During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. _, it is wise to take a day off to

14、 rest. (2019课标卷II38)A. After six daysB. For a good marathon runnerC. Before you begin your trainingA4. 词语复现显神功 作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的同根词的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, p

15、arent的上义词，而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。 词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段，而七选五正是考查语篇衔接，因此，利用词语复现解七选五十分管用。在近五年的8套全国新课标卷共40道题中有13道题利用这一招可直接选出答案，利用这一招可将选项缩小到2个选项的还有5道，也就是说，平均起来，几乎有一半的题仅用这一招就可解决。如： _39_If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and liv

16、ing with a “victim mentality”. (2019课标卷I)A. Learn to really trust yourself. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. 原词复现七个选项中只有C项中含victim解析：要求选段落主题句。空后句三次出现victim一词, 七个选项中只有选项C中有victim，原词复现。将选项C “不要把自己当作受害者” 代入空格处，与下文衔接紧密，故选C项。本段结构：总(总领) 分(细说)。4.

17、 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. _ (2019课标卷I37)C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D. However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs.

18、E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. C 要求选段中衔接句。因前句中与选项C中都有nonprofit，原词复现，故选C项。结构：观点+例证。 D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile.F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training.G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of impro

19、ving distance and time.8. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. _ After two weeks (2019课标卷II39)D 选项D中与前句中都含mile，原词复现；细读，由空格前“但是在接下来的一周, 树立每次至少跑1.5英里的目标”与D项的“每天增加半英里”意义衔接紧密。9. After two weeks, start timing yourself. _ Depending on the kind of race you plan to ent

20、er, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race. (2019课标卷II40)E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them.F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training.G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time.G 空前句中的timing (给安排好时间)，

21、与选项G中的time是词语同根复现。 11. Hopefully that gives you a good start. _ And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live! (2019课标卷II40)D. Understand your food better.E. Cooking is a burden for many people.F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather

22、than a burden.F 空后的live与选项F中的living是原词复现。 值得注意的是，有的题利用词语复现解题十分管用，但这并不意味着凡与上句或下句有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项，只是正确的可能性更大，在解题过程中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已。是否为正确答案，还得将含复现词的选项代入原文，看该选项与上下文是否真的衔接，只有上下衔接紧密的才是正确选项。如： _38_ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would b

23、e for your well-being. (2019课标卷I38)A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. 不能因为confidence的复现错选B也不能因yourself的复现而错选Chave confident in yourself=trust yourself同义复现解析：要求选段落主题句。不要因为选项B与空后句中都有confidence，原词复现就选B。 也不要因为选项C中与空后句中都有yo

24、urself，原词复现就选C。 选项A中的trust yourself与空格后的Having confidence in yourself(信任你自己)是同义复现，所以该选项是重点考虑对象；将选项A代入原文，上下句意为“学会真正地信任你自己。信任你自己有助于做出更好的选择”语义衔接紧密，故选A。5. 代词逻辑亦管用 (1)代词衔接。 代词我们知道，七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接，而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。如： Try to solve the problem. After youre calm and you have support from adult

25、s and friends, its time to get down to business. _74_ Even if you cant solve it all, you can solve a piece of it. (2019课标卷)D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.E. You need to figure out what the problem is.F. And dont forget about your friends.解析：本段主题句是“Try to solve the problem”,空后句又有solv

26、e it，其中it指什么？当然是the problem，因此，前句中一定会出现problem一词，七个选项中只有E项符合。?代词指代 13. Sometimes people simply cant trust any more. _ Its understandable (2019课标卷I37)C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in th

27、eir attitude toward their future relationships. EA. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. 14. Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. _Trust is a risk. (2019课标卷I36)B16. Focus on positivesAny

28、 training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you arent doing well._, so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you sh

29、ouldnt do. (2019课标卷II52)A. You arent like anybody elseB. You already do lots of things wellC. Turn your back on too many rulesB17.Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. _ They might have had similar p

30、roblems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. (2019课标卷72)A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B. Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.F. And dont forget about your friends.F (2)逻辑关系。 根据空格句与上下句之间的逻辑关系来解题，如解释关系(对前句或对主题的进一步解释)、并列关系、

31、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系等。如： Get a coach _51_, so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you. (2019课标卷II)C. Turn your back on too many rulesD. Check t

32、he rules about dos and dontsE. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough结果因此要得到帮助原因为什么要帮助？因为tough所以get help解析：由空后的so(因此，引出表结果的并列句)可知，空格处要填的应是“要得到帮助”的原因；选项E中public speaking is tough (当众演讲是困难的)正是寻求帮助的原因，故选E项。(因果关系)18. Most businesses seek to make a profit that aim to achieve income that is m

33、ore than the costs of operating the business. _ Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. (2019课标卷I36)C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D. However, some businesses only s

34、eek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. DE. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.G. The best time to te

35、ach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.19. Parents should help their children understand money. _ So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example. (2019课标卷71)G20. Your brain is so full of what youre going to b

36、e talking about. _ As far as were concerned(2019课标卷II54)A. You arent like anybody else.F. The one thing you dont want is for them to fall asleep.G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse.G21. Dont take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upse

37、t they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, thats not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Dont take it out on yourself. _ (2019课标卷73)A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B. Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.G. Then, find

38、a way to calm down.A22. Be positive. Most stress is temporary. Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps arent magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, youll help yours

39、elf feel better even faster. _ (2019课标卷75)D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.E. You need to figure out what the problem is.F. And dont forget about your friends.D6. 篇章需要基本功 有的题利用文章或段落的“总分”结构关系来解，也很管用，但需要以下基本功：懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是 主题句(总)+支撑句(分) (分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等)。如： From my experie

40、nce, there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often: ability, money, and time. _36_ Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. (2019课标卷II)A. Try new things.B. Ability is easily impr

41、oved.C. Make three or four instead.解析：空前主题句中提到ability, money, time三个主要原因，空后提到了money与time, 所以这里应是谈ability, 故选B项。? The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. _36_ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. (2019课标卷I) 众所周知，有问就有答，问什么就答什么。根据这

42、一常识，对解题也很有帮助。如：By doing sth.通过做某事 (方式)问方式用哪个词提问？HowC. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist? G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. 解析：由空后By doing sth. (通过做某事)这个表示方式的介词短语可

43、知，此空应该是一个以how开头的疑问句，故选D项。 顺便说说，此题也可用同义复现解题。 The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. _36_ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. (2019课标卷I) C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist? G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a val