小学英语语法基本语法知识概念

1、小学英语语法基本语法知识概念一、.英语中的句子结构：主谓（宾）、主系表、祈使句.主语+谓语+（宾语）（简称：主谓、主谓宾）主语：做主语的词有名词和代词谓语：谓语中包含有动词和时态宾语：作宾语的词有名词和代词宾格食及物动词：及物动词+人/物动词+ 宾语（背熟：动宾 即：动词后跟宾语）E.g： play basketball like himThey plant trees.动宾动宾主谓宾不及物动词：不及物动词后不能跟人或物.主语+系动词+表语（简称：主系表）安系动词：系动词指的是be ； be的一般现在时am , is , are ; be的过去式 was, were我用am,你用are, is

2、用于她、他、它；单数名词用is,复数名 词全用are。I和第三人称单数用was,其他人称用were会表语：做表语的词有形容词、副词、名词、介词短语；+ly构成的副词 不能作表语；作表语的副词常见的有up, down , out, in （在里面, 进入里面，在家）,on （继续，进行，上演，灯亮着）,away, off, here, there, back一、将以下名词变成复数形式。planebabybusknifetreestoryboxsheepmonthphotoclasstoothappleradiowatchChinesefoxtomatodaychildwomanlifeboyEn

3、glish二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打*”The house is my brother.He has visited many country.They are Englishs.This is Tom red bike.5. Peter has eight foot.三、选择填空)1. There are two in the room.Englishman)2. The old man will have out.two teeth)3.are soid in this bookstore,A.ChineseB.A. two tooths B.A. Childrens books

4、B.Children books)4. Some friends ofwill come here.A.JohnsB.John)5. Can you give me)5. Can you give meA.some papersB.a piece of paper)6. The)6. Thehas threeA. boys, watchesB.boy, watches)7. Can you see)7. Can you seeon the plate?A. breadB.breadsB.B.)8. The girl brushes her before she goes to bed. A.

5、teethtooths)9. Mr Black often drink some)9. Mr Black often drink someA. milkB.milks)10. There are some)10. There are someon the floor.A. childB. books四、将以下句子变成复数形式。This sheep is white.There is a desk and a chair in the room.That man is a doctor.have a toy in my bedroom.5. Michael likes the mouse.代词篇

6、一、人称代词.定义：谁（你、我、他、你们、我们、他们）.分类：主格和宾格.用法：.用于指代人、物或事的词.人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。I like them.人称代词宾格在介词后作宾语。I can，t write with it.4 .归纳和总结:称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhis , her , itstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshis , hers , itstheirs主格Iweyouyouhe , she , itt

7、hey宾格meusyouyouhim , her , itthem备注：禽只要能被she, he, it替换的都叫第三人称单数文人称代词后的be动词的用法我用am,你用are, is用于她、他、它；单数名词用is,复数名词全用areo夫人称代词的排列顺序人称代词并列使用时，通常把对方你放前面，把自己放最后E.g. you and I; you and he ; he and I; you ,he and I二、物主代词.定义：谁的（你的、我的、他的、你们的、我们、他们的）.分类：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词.用法：名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词E.g. 一 Whose coat i

8、s this?这是谁的上衣？一Its hers.是她的。hers= her coat专项练习题一、填写以下表格。我我们你（们）她他它他们主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词二、在下面的题目中填上恰当的be动词。from Australia.Shea student.Jane and Tom my friends.My parents very busy every day.Yang Ling eleven years old.三、用名词性物主代词改写以下句子E.g. This is my book. 一 The book is mine.That is her ruler.These are

9、 their footballs.一This is his backpack一 Those are your boxes.一 The bikes are our bikes一四、根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。Mary is a friend of(I)This is(she) ruler.(you) is in the bag.love (they) very much.She is (I) classmate.Miss Li often looks after (she) brother.一Are these (they) bags ?一No, they arent (their) .

10、They are (we)This is(he) book. That book is(I).(他彳门)are friendly to (你彳门).Does (他)give(它)to(她)？(他)does(他的)homework on Sunday.五、选择题()1. 一Heres a postcard fbr you,Jim!Oh,is from my friend,Amy.A. he B. its C. it D. he()2.Your football clothes are on the desk. Please put away.A. they B. them C. their D.

11、 theirs()3.English teacher is Mrs.Green. We all like.A. We , she B. Us , her C. We , her D. Our, her()4.Tom cant find his book, can you help?A. himB. hisC. heD. Her()5. My uncle bought a new bike for.A. heB. his C. I D. him能力测试卷they一、帮下面的好朋友团（连线）我I我的yourher你（们）my她的she你（们）的our他的his我们you他们their我们的we他们

12、的he二、填空1.is a teacher.(她)is a good boy.(他)in the classroom (它).are very smart today.(你).(你们)are students. Jim is English.(I) like playing with(he).7.1 love (they) very much.Miss Li often looks after (she).They are waiting for (they).Do you like Li Ming? No,(I) don9t like(he).三、选择()1. Your book is no

13、t so old as.A. him B. he C. his D. she()2.book is it? Its.A. Whose , her B. Whose , hers C. Who , hers D. Whom , her()3. He is a friend of.A.ourB.us C. my D. mine()4. She is a student,name is Lily.A. its B. her C. hers D. his()5.piano is too old, but she likes playing it.A. shesB. SheC. HerD. hers()

14、6.Where is new toy? I cant find it.A. youB. yourC. yoursD. mine()7. Let begin class.A. us , us B. we , us C. we , our D. us , our()8. These shoes arent. They are.A. is , you B. his , her C. his; mine D. yours; her()9. My uncle bought a new bike for.A. theirs B. theyC. me D. I()10. This is your book.

15、 Where is?A. mine B. my C. I D. Tm四、改错Your are they teachers.This is mine teddy bear(玩具熊).These are ours bags. These is their teachers.He visited many country.冠词篇.定义：冠词置于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的词。.分类：不定冠词和定冠词.用法：.不定冠词有a和an两种形式，其中a用在以辅音音素（音标）开头 的词前面，an用在以辅元音素（音标）开头的词前面，不定冠词 指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。E.g. a

16、desk , a treean apple , an hour , an English book, a useful book字母f,l,m,n,s,x,h,r读音都是元音开头的。一个f,要说an f.定冠词只是一种形式the,在辅音前读6a,在元音前读di用定冠词的情况去用来表示“独一无二”的意思。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.会表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。There is a boat in the river. The boat is made of wood.会在泛指的乐器名词前和固定搭配里He plays t

17、he piano. on the left go to the cinema（电影院）E.g： She is tall. She is a nurse. She is in the classroom.主系表 主系表 主系 表3.祈使句祈使句用来表示下达命令、要求、建议和劝告的提出。说话的对象 通常是第二人称you，习惯上常省略。祈使句的句子结构肯定句：动词原形（简称：动原）+否认句：Don 戈/Never） +E.g:.Climb the tree ,pleas已 请爬树。（肯定句）Don* climb the tree 不要爬树！（否认句）.Open the door翻开门。（肯定句）Do

18、n* open the door. 不要开门。（否认句）二、限定词限定词是在名词短语中对名词中心词起特指、泛指、定量或不定量等限定 作用的一类词。限定词总是位于名词中心词之前。最常见的有冠词:a（n）, the指示代词:this, that, these, those形容词性物主代词:my , your , his ， her , our etcE.g： a / the / this / that / my book the / my / these / those books三、介词短语会介词短语是介词和其它代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语 去最基本的结构：介词+限定词+名词.不用冠词的情况食

19、在名词前已有this, that, my, your等词时。my book会在星期和月份的名词前。in September on Friday费在体育工程的名词前。play basketball会在一 H 三餐 的名 词前。Come to have dinner/breakfast with me.我在语言名词前。She can speak French.食在季节、节日的名词前。Winter is the best time for skating.专项练习题一、填空填写a/aa填写the或者/填写a/aa填写the或者/map of ChinainChinahourhave_breakfas

20、telephantonfootpilotlisten to_ radioeggonrightold ladyplay一.basketballlong noseby_shiphorsego to cinemaEnglish girlat_ nightumbrellawatch _TVChinese girlinworlddeskenjoy一moon二、选择填空)1. There isnmn in the word primaryA. anB. aC. theD./)2. This isorange bike.A. aB. anC. theD./)3. It always takes us hal

21、fhour to havelong walk aftersupper.(晚饭)B, a, theC. an, aD. an , the)4. English isuseful language inworld.A. an, theB. a, theC. the，/D ./, the)5. We are going tocinema this evening.A. theB./C. aD. an)6. He wasfirst to come.A. theB. aC. theD./)7. Do you seebook ontable?A. the, aB. a, anC. an , anD. a,

22、 the)8. Wheresdesk? Its inmiddle of the room.A./,/B. /, aC. a,/D. the,)9. He isfriend of mine.A. anB./C. theD. a)10.1 havebook. Itsinteresting one. I like readingbooksvery much.A. a , an , / B. a , /, the C. an , an , the D. /, an , /)11. Today is Childrens Day.A. a B. an C. the D. /)12. This is bag

23、. That is eraser.A. a , aB. a , an C. an , a D.an , an)13. David usually takes walk for an hour after dinner.A. a B .an C. the D. /)14. All of books here are Chinese.A. the B. / C. those D. that)15. There is a map on left of the picture.A. the B. / C. a D. an能力测试卷一、填空填写a/aa填写the或者/填写a/aa填写the或者/usef

24、ul animalinmorningcattaketaxifriend of mineonwallnurseplaypianointeresting bookinhospitalorangego to_schoolhourathomeapplehavelunchAmerican girlby_bikeartistgo to_bedexciting jobat _age of sixeggplay_volleyball二、选择填空)1.September is the ninth month of a year.A. AB. AnC. TheD./)2. Afterquick breakfast

25、 I hurried toschoolA./,/B. a, /C. the , theD. the，/)3. He is a student ofA. class FirstA. class FirstB. the class one C. Class OneD. First Class)4.Smarts can not pay for)4.Smarts can not pay forcolor TV set.A. The, aB. /, theC. /, aD. The，/)5. Mrs Smith isfriend ofA. the, mineB. a, meC. the , myD. a

26、, mine)6.China is old country with)6.China is old country withlong historyA. The , an , aC. /, an , the)7. People often go to swim in summer.A./B. aC. anD. the)8. She saw English film last Sunday. But she can not remembername of film.A. an , a , a B. a , the , a C. an , the , a D. an , the , the )9.

27、 There is old man under tree.A. An , theB. the , a C. a , theD. an , /)10.girl in Grade (年级)Three is tallest in our school.A. The , the , the B. A, a , a C. The , /, the D. A , /, a )11.book is very useful. I bought it from unknown little town.A. A, a B. The , a C. A, anD. The , an)12. Tuesday is th

28、ird day of the week.A. theB. /C. aD. an)13. Dont you know girl under the tree? Shes Mary.A. a B. an C. the D. /)14.1 like music, but I dont like music of this film.A. a B. an C. the D. /)15. My mother had fever, so I had to look after her.A. aB. theC. /D. this数词篇L定义：是用来表示事物的数目和顺序的词.分类：基数与序数.用法：数词分为基

29、数词和序数词两种。表示“多少”的词叫做基数词。表示“第几”的词叫做序数词。.表示形式：.基数词：禽 1一10： one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.禽11一19： eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,seventeen, eighteen, nineteen.会从 2199 整数几十中除 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty 为特殊形式外，sixty, seventy, ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-

30、ty构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符e.g. 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six余百位数个数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间力口上and.e.g. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty.序数词：会第一 first缩写1st,第二second缩写2nd ,第三third缩写3rd第21,22,23等同上会从第5到第19都是在基数词后加th,缩写为基数词+th ,以下儿个稍 有变化第 5 fifth , 5th ； 第 8 eighth , 8th ；第 9 ni

31、nth , 9th ；第 12 twelfth , 12th 第 25,26,27 等同上榭第20,30,40等的序数词是把基数词的ty变成tieth自序数词前面须加上定冠词the或形容词性物主代词或名词飞E.g. the first book , my first book , Kate first book专项练习题一、写出以下基数词和序数词及序数词简写.基数词序数词简写基数词序数词简写基数词序数词简 写19192101431120412215153261743二、根据句子意思填空。Childrens Day （J L童节）is on the day of June （六月）.There

32、are months （月）in a year（年）.Teachers Day（教师节）is on the of September （九月）.Three plus（力口） six is.三、选择填空。)1. My cousins birthday in on the of October.A. three B. first C. the second()2. Whafs the date today? Its of April.A. twelfth B.the 12th C. 12th()3. There are days in a week.A. the seven B. seventh

33、C. the seventh D. seven()4.Sunday is the day of a week.A. one B. first C. second()5. Twenty-eight minus(减)six is.A. the twenty- second B. twenty-two C. twenty- second()6. Four plus(力口)is twelve.A. seven B. eight C. nine()7. May is the month of the year.A. five B. fifth C. six()8. There are so many n

34、ew words in the(二十九)lesson .twenty-nine B. twenty-nineth C. twenty-ninth()9. January is the month of the year.A .one B. onethC. first()10. The Yellow River is the longest river in China.A. twoB. secondC. twoth)11. Sunday is theday of the week.A.seventhB. firstC.second)12. Autumn (秋天)isseason in a ye

35、ar.A. the fourthB. the thirdC. a third)13. Tom was to get to school and I wasA. first, ninthB. the first, the ninthC. a first, a ninth)14. Whats the date (日期)today? ItsA. FridayA. FridayB. cloudyD.June 4th)15. Monday is the second day,andA. Tuesday is the fourthA. Tuesday is the fourthB. Thursday is

36、 the fifthC. the second is Tuesday能力测试卷一、写出以下词的适当形式。完整形式基数词序数词缩写3rd11fivesecond4th90ninefirst二、选择填空21st8fourtenth32nd12eightseventieth9th15twentythirty-six()1. How old are you?ImA. fourteenB. fourteenthC. 14 th( )2. The bedroom is on the( )2. The bedroom is on thefloor.A. threeB.threethC. third( )3.

37、 How many apples do you have?I haveA. eightA. eightB. eightthC. eighth()4. There are()4. There areliving rooms in the house.A. secondB. twoC. twelfth()5. Please turn toA. Page 11A. Page 11the list pagepage 11( )6.There are students in our school.A. four-hundred and forty-fiveB. four hundred and fort

38、y-fiveC. four hundreds and forty-five()7. May isof a year.A. the fifth monthsthe fifth month C. the five month()8. Mr Smith stayed inlast night.E.g： in our class, on the playground,介宾 介宾（背熟：介宾 即：介词后跟宾语）四、时间状语和地点状语.地点状语：只要该词能译成“在/到/从.地方”那么该词在句子中做地点状 语，做地点状语的常见的有介词短语和副词E.g. 介词短语：in Shanghai to Shangha

39、i from ShanghaiHe studies English in Shanghai副词:here there upstairs abroad homeHe is doing his homework there.时间状语：只要该词能译成“在/到/从.时间”那么该词在句子中做时间状 语，做地点状语的常见的有介词短语和副词E.g. 介词短语：on Saturday at six副词:yesterday ,tomorrow ,then, now, since特殊结构：last week , next year , this morning , yesterday morningHe is p

40、laying at six.He played basketball yesterday.五、熟记以下概念.副词修饰形容词/副词/动词/句子，做状语She is very beautiful.（副词放形容词前）A. Room 403B. the Room 403C. the 403 room( )9. December the is Christmas.A. twenty-fiveB. twenty-fifth C. twentieth-five()10. March the is Womens Day.A. eighthB. ninthC. tenth()11 .There are days

41、 in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-fiveC. three hundred and sixty-five()12. There are students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty sixC. eight hundred and forty-six()13. My brother is in.A. Three Class , One Grade B. Class Three

42、, Grade One C. Grade One ,Class Three)14. He was doing some washing.A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eightC. yesterday morning at eight)15.There are months in a year. December is the month of the year.A. Twelve , twelve B. twelve , twelfth C. twelfth , twelve时态篇一般现在时一般现在时的功能.表示事物或人

43、的特征、状态The sky is blue.表示经常性或习惯性动作I get up at six every day.表示客观事实The earth goes around the sun.一般现在时的句子构成：.主语+系动词（be动词）+表语（简称：主系表）备注：#be动词的一般现在时：我用am,你用are, is用于她、他、它；单数名词用is,复数名词全用areo肯定句主语+am/is/are+表语+She is a nurse.否认句主语 am not/isn5t/aren5t + 表语+She isnt a nurse一般疑问句Am/Is/Are 主语+表语+ ?Is she a nu

44、rse?肯定回答Yes,主语+am/is/areYes, she is.否认回答No, 主语+am not/isnt/arentNo, she isnt.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+am/is/are+表语+?Where is she a nurse?会作表语的词：形容词、名词、介词短语禽is not 二isnt are not 二arent.主语+谓语+（宾语）（简称：主谓宾）备注：禽谓语里必须有实义动词。比方：跑run跳jump笑smile哭cry主语（非第三人称单数）主语（第三人称单数he.she.it）肯定句主语+动原+主语+动词（词尾加s或es）+They study English on

45、 Friday.He studies English on Friday.否认句主语+dont+动原+主语+doesnt+动原+They dont study English.He doesnt study English on.一般疑问句Do+主 语+动原+?Does+主语+动原+ ?Do they study English ?Does he study English ?肯定回答Yes,主语+doYes,主语+ doesYes, they do.Yes, he does.否认回答No,主语 + dontNo,主语 + doesntNo, they dontNo,he doesnt特殊疑问

46、句特殊疑问词+do+主语+动原+ ?特殊疑问词+does+主语+动原+?When do they study English?When does he study English?含Vt （及物动词）+人/物（念熟：动宾）动词 宾语自动词原形简称动原含只要能被she, he, it替换的都叫三人称单数会常见的时间状语：every often always usually sometimes斛寺殊疑问词：what/how/who/how many/which 等第三人称单数的变化规那么：情况变化例词一般情况下动词后面加上Swork 一 worksread 一 readsget 一 gets清辅音

47、后读s 浊辅音后读元音后读z以s, x, sh,ch ,0结尾的词在词尾加esgo一goes teachteaches watch 一 watches brush 一 brushes词尾读音iz 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i加es.study 一 studies词尾读音iz 注意.have第三人称单数是has, be动词第三人称单数是is专项练习题一、写出以下动词的第三人称单数形式gostopwritebuyhavedoplaygiveswimrideflywatchstudycryreadcarryfinishgocomework二、用 am, is ,are 填空This an in

48、teresting book.That a CD. a clever boy.She a good girl. It a desk.You a good teacher.These their books.He and I good friends.三、用以下动词的适当形式填空(get) up at 6 oclock every day.My mother(have) beautiful hair.He(go) to school on foot.She(do) not like watching TV.5 They(play) football every Sunday afternoon.

49、We often(play) in the playground.He(do) his homework on Friday.you(brush) your teeth every morning.What(do) he usually(do) after school?Danny(study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art an school.四、单项选择()1.you have a book?A. DoB.Are C.Is D. Have()2. Does Li Lei like to watch TV?A. Yes , he like. B.

50、 No , he doesnt.C. Yes , hed like. D. No , he likes.()3. She doesnt her homework in the afternoon.A.doingB.to do C.does D.do()4. How Mr. Smith to England?A. do , go B.is , go C.does , go D. does , goes()5.she home at six every day?A. Is , leave B. Does , leave C. Is , leaves D. Does , left 五、按要求完成句子

51、。Tomorrow is Saturday.(变成一般疑问句) ? *Does he play basketball every weekend?(作肯定回答和否认回答)Yes,.N o,.She looks like her sister.(变一般疑问句)she her sister?Peter and Sam look the same.(变成否认句)Peter and Samthe same.His teacher always goes to the movie by bike.(就划线局部提问)?六、英汉互译Tam经常放学后(after school)踢足球。我喜欢唱歌。.He of

52、ten goes to school on foot.Children like to play this game.今天是星期日。.能力测试卷一、用 am, is ,are 填空That a new bike.Those my pens.She a beautiful girl and we good friends. a nurse in a hospital.you a doctor?.Darning very naughty. She and I teachers in a school.二、用以下动词的适当形式填空He(go) to school on foot.She not li

53、ke watching TV. (do)My father(have) a lovely dog.The boys often(wake) up at six every morning.My mother(work) in a school.Mike sometimes(go) to the park with his sister.At eight at night, they(watch) TV with their parents.Mike(read) English every day?How many lessons the pupils(have) on Monday?What

54、time his mother(do) the housework?三、选择填空()1. There an English film at the cinema now.A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. is()2. The picture nice.A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking()3. She down and soon falls asleep.A. liveB. lainC. laidD. sits()4. They the office in time e

55、very morning.A.gets toB. arrivedC. got toD. get to()5. The plane over there.A. isB. areC.amD. was)6. The teacher us to come to school on time.A. ask B. asking C. asks D. asked()7. John always others.A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help()8. They for eight hours every day.A. working B. to work C. wo

56、rks D. worked()9. He sits down and a rest.A. havingB. haveC. to have D. has()10. Uncle Wang never a cake.A. make B. to make C. making D. makes六、英汉互译他经常在周六的时候读英语。,Peter每天都帮助妈妈做家务Tom always plays football after school.4.1 get up at six o* clock every day.5. The coat fits(适合) me very well.七.按要求完成以下句子My

57、 mother is in the supermarket now.(改成一般疑问句)She lives in a small town near New York.(改成般疑问句)GaoShans sister likes playing table tennis （改成否认句）Do you often play football after school?（作肯定回答、否认回答）Yes, No, The girl does her homework every morning.（就划线局部提问）9现在进行时1.现在进行时的功能表示进行或发生的动作The boy is crying now.

58、2现在进行时的句子构成：主语+谓语(am/is/are doing)She runs fast （副词在动词后）肯定句主语+am/is/are doingShe is studying English now.否认句主语 am/is/are not doingShe isnt studying English now.一般疑问句Am/Is/Are 主语+doingIs she studying English now.?肯定回答Yes,主语+am/i s/areYes, she is.否认回答No,主语+am not/isnt/arentNo, she isnt.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+am/i

59、s/are主语 +doing+?When is she studying English?She runs very fast （副词在副词前）Luckily, I met him last year （副词放句子前）.形容词用来说明人或事物的性质特征状态，它常放在be动词后作表语, 名词前作定语。E.g. The door is open. （be 动词后作表语）a beautiful girl.（名词前作定语）.介词+名词/代词宾格/doingI am interested in studying English.做主语的词有名词/代词/ to do /doing（to do和doing做

60、主语谓语用单数）To swim with you was very enjoyable .Walking is good for your health. to do和doing可以作表语Our job is playing all kinds of music.My wish is to be a doctor.3.动词+ing的变化规那么备注:曲常见的时间状语：,表示时间的：now情况变化例词一般情况下动词末尾加-ingstay 一 stayingdo 一 doinglisten 一 listening以不发音的字母e结尾的动词先去掉e,再加-ingmake 一 makingride 一