最新考研英语一七选五或填空式阅读新题型试卷

1、考研英语一七选五或填空式阅读新题型试卷为广大考生整理了 考研英语一七选五或填空式阅读新题型试卷，供 p- l z-U 分一h 广大考生参考：Passage1English has become the world s number one language in the 20th century.In every country where is not the native language, especially in the ThirdWorld, people must strive to learn it to the best of their abilities, if they

2、want to participate fully in the development of their countries.41).Nonetheless, a world full of different languagewilldisappear if the present trend in many countries to use English to replace thenational or official languages in education, trade and even politicscontinues.43) .The Third World coun

3、tries that are now using English as a medium ofinstruction are depriving 75 per cent of their future leaders of a propereducation. According to many studies, only around 20 to 25 per cent of studentsin these countries can manage to learn the language of instruction as well asbasic subjects at the sa

4、me time. Many leaders ofthese Third World countriesare obsessed with English and for them English is everything. They seem tobelieve that if the students speak English, they are already knowledgeable.44).All the greatest countries of the world are great because theyconstantly use their own languages

5、 in all national development activities,including education. From a psychological point of view, those who are taughtin their own language from the start will develop better self-confidence andself-reliance. From a linguistic point of view, the best brains can only beproduced if students are educate

6、d in their own language from the start.45).There is nothing wrong, however, in learning a foreign language atadvanced levels of education. But the best thing to do is to have a goodeducation in one s native language first, then go abroad to have a universityin a foreign language.If this situation co

7、ntinues, the native or official languages ofthese countries will certainly die within two or three generations. Thisphenomenon has been called linguistic genocide. A language dies if it is notfully used in most activities, particularly as a medium of instruction inschools.Those who are taught in a f

8、oreign language form the start will tendto be imitators and lack self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreignconsultants.Suppose you work in a big firm and find and find English veryimportant for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmen. Now youare looking a place where you can

9、 improve your English, especially your spokenEnglish.But many people are concerned that English s dominance will destroynative languages.These leaders speak and write English much better than theirnational languages.If these leaders deliver speechesanywhere in the worldthey use English and they feel

10、 more at home with it and proud of their abilityas well. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leader sspeeches because they are made in a foreign language.Here are some advertisements about English language training fromnewspapers. You may find the information you need.A close exa

11、mination reveals a great number of languages have fallencasualty to English. For example, it has wiped out Hawaiian, Welsh, ScotchGaelic, Irish, native American languages, and many others. Luckily, some ofthese languages are now being revived, such as Hawaiian and Welsh, and theselanguages will live

12、 again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their workof reviving them.Passage 2In 1959 the average American family paid $ 989 for a year s supply offood. In 1972 the family paid $1,311. That was a price increase of nearly one 什hird. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees

13、that thecost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement whenreasonsfor the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible?Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs,and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department ofAgricu

14、lture, the farmer s share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was$521. This was 31 percent more than the farmer had received in 1959.But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared totheincrease in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp risein food prices

15、. They particularly blame those who process the farm productsafter the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers,manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of storeswhere food is sold. 41) .Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlement received

16、$ 790,which was 33 percent more than they had received in 1959. It appears that themiddlemen s profit has increased more than farmer s. But some economists claimthat the middleman s actual profit was very law. According to economists at theFirst National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and fo

17、od stores amountedto less than one per cent. During the same period all other manufacturers weremaking a profit of more than 5 per cent.42) .Vegetablesand chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces bysomeone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more whenseveral “

18、TV dinners ” are takreonmhothmeestfore. These are fully cookedmeals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes desert,all arranged on ametal dish. The dish is put into the over and heated while the housewife isdoing something else. Such a convenience costs money. 44) .Economists remind us many m

19、odern housewives have jobs outside the home.They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewifenaturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day s work. She wants tobuy many kinds of food that can be put on her famil y s table easily andquickly. 45) .It appears that the a

20、nswer to the question for rising prices is not asimple one. Producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibilityfor the sharp rise in food costs.Thus, as economists point out: ” Some of the basic reasons forwidening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use ofconvenie

21、nce foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparationfrom the kitchen to the food processo r s plant. ”They are among the “ middlemen ” who stand between the farmer and thepeople who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for risingfood prices?The economeisrts say,“

22、If the housewife wants all of these.privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of the thosewho make her work easier. ”Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill ahousewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? Theeconomists at First National City B

23、ank have an answer to give housewives, butmany people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself forthe jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don twant to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has alreadybeen prepared before

24、 it reaches the market.However, some economists believe that controls can have negativeeffects over a long period of time. In cities with rent control, the citygovernment sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment.Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also d

25、o notagree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particulardecision while others criticize it.By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmersand middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices.Passage3Growing cooperation among br

26、anches of tourism has proved valuable toall concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel association carriers andproperties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions fortravelers.41) .They distribute materials to agencies, such as TOC o 1-5 h z journals,brochures and advertising

27、projects.42) .Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with newprograms and techniques in selling. 43) .Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitablecontracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitablefinancial arrangement. 44)

28、 .45).Carriers are dependent upon agencies tosupplypassengers,and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them withmarketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fairpricing and contented customers.The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers includingc

29、ar-rental and sight-seeing services.They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a shorttime agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsorextensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrierser

30、vices, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and inpreparing effective advertising campaigns.As a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries.Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and , conversely,hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and

31、to send them clients.In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggestdifferent modes and combinations of travel- Planes, ships, trains,motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases.Consequently, the agencies started to pay more attention to thecomfort of travel.Passage 4Fields acr

32、oss Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of theantibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed ontofields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping tocreate a new generation of antibioticr-esistant “ superbugsThe warning comes from a researc

33、her in Switzerland who looked at levelsof the drugs in farm slurry.41) .Some 20,000 tons antibiotics are used in the European Union and the USeach year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease andpromote growth. 42) .Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the r

34、esistantstrainsby eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugsend up in manurethan in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute forEnvironmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. 43) .With millions of tons animals manure spread onto fields of cops such aswheat and

35、barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route forspreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are theneaten. 44) .Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics calledsulphonamides. 45) .This concentration is high enoughto trigger thedevelopmen

36、t of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issueseriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, includingantibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are alsoexcreted unchanged and broken down by conventional treatment.They don t easily d

37、egrade or dissolve in water. His analysis foundthat Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides;eachhectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs.And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that areresistant to antibiotics, he says.Animal antibiot

38、ics is still an area to which insufficient attentionhas been paid.But recent research has found a direct link between the increaseduse of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugsthat infect people.His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one ofthe few

39、 countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animalfeed.They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneathfertilized fields.There is no doubt that the food and drink is always important to thehealth.Passage 5The main problem in discussingAmerican popular culture is

40、also one of its main characteristics: it won t stayAmerican. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music,casual sports or slang, it s soon at home elsewhere in the world. There areseveral theories why American popular culture has had this appeal.One theory is that is hasbeen “

41、 advertised an”d marketed through American films, popular music, and morerecently, television. 41) .They are, after all, in competition withthose produced by other countries.Another theory, probably amore common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associatedwith something called

42、 “the spirit of America . ” 42).The final theory is lesscomplex: American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in theworld like it.Regardless of why its spreads,American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted inmany other countries. Black leather jackets worn

43、 by many heroesin Americanmovies could be found, a generation later, on all those young menwho wanted to make this manly-look their own.Two areas where this continuingprocess is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can stillremember a time. When T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis sho

44、es, denim jackets,and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere .Only twenty years ago, itwas possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so:those bright colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which wereonce made fun in cartoons are back again in Par

45、is as the latest fashion. 44).The situation with Americanpopular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was stillclearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be agreat danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in severalcountries. Toda

46、y, while still showing its rather American roots, it has becomeso well established. Rock “ n” roll and all its variations, country &western music, all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted,often on America as well, as being “ low-class, ”and then as “ adanger to ournation s y

47、outh. ” 45) . And then the music became accepted and wasextended and was extended and developed, and exported back to the U.S.As a result, its American origins and roots are often quicklyforgotten.“ happybirthday to you, ”for instance, is such an everyday song thatits source, its American copyright,

48、 so to speak, is not remembered.But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television,programs are so popular in themselves.American in origin, informal clothing has become the world s firsttruly universal style.The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.American food

49、 has become popular around the world too.This spirit is variously described as being young and free,optimistic and confident, informal and disrespectful.It is hardly surprising that the public concern contributes a lot tothe spread of their culture.Passage 6Albert Einstein, whose theories on space t

50、ime and matter helped unravelthe secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as“ PersonCentury by Time magazine on Sunday.A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius, Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of 20th century scientific thought tha

51、t set the stage for the age of technology.“ The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, but technological-technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science, w” rote theoretical physicist Stephen Ha

52、wking in a time essay explaining Einstein s significance. 41) .Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.“ What

53、we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom s fight against totalitarianism , Gandhi personifying the great theme of individual struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing techno

54、logical advances that helped expand the growth of freedom, ” said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.Einstein was born in Ulm , Germany in 1879. 42) .He couldnot stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams.In 1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intrica

55、te examples of human imagination in history. 43) . Everything elsemass, weight, space, even time itself -is a variable. And he offered the world his now famous equation: energy equals mass times the speed of light squared -E=mc2. Einstein did not work on the project. Einstein died inPrinceton, New J

56、ersey in 1955.“ Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality,art and politics,aacs” onIswrote in an essay explaining Tim e s choices. ”There was less faith in absolutes, not of time and space but also of truth and morality. ” Ein stseifnamous equation was also the seed that

57、led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein, an avowed pacifist, signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did.How he thought o

58、f the relativity theory influenced the general public s view about Albert Einstein.“ Clearly,no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein. ”Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the“ Manhattan Projectsecretly developed the first atomic weapon.In his early years, Einstein did n

59、ot show the promise of what he was to become. He was slow to learn to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school.F) In hisSpecial Theory of Relativity,escr” ibeEdihnostweitnhed onlyconstant in the universe is the speed of light.G) It is said that Einstein s success lies in the fact that

60、 few people can understand his theories.Passage 7Twenty years ago a debate erupted about whether there were specific “ Asianvalues ” M.ost attention focused on dubious claims by autocrats that democracy was not among them. But a more intriguing, if less noticed, argument was that traditional family