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1、专题一贸易术语及有关的国际惯例2013年9月一、贸易术语的含义和作用(一)贸易术语的产生和发展 贸易术语(Trade Terms ),又称贸易条件,价格术语或价格条件(Price Terms), 交货条件(Delivery Terms), 销售条件 (Sales Terms)等。 货物由卖方交付给买方过程中所涉及的问题,主要表现为:1、事务的办理(tasks)2、费用的支付(costs)3、风险的承担(risks)4、交货点(point of delivery) 出口国-进口国(二)贸易术语的含义 贸易术语是指用一个简短的概念,例如“Free On Board”,或三个字母的缩写,例如“FOB
2、”,来说明买卖双方有关事项、费用和风险的责任划分,确定卖方交货和买方接货方面各自应尽的义务和商品价格的构成。 贸易术语包含两层意思:1、买卖双方在交接货物(货物交付)过程中有关事项、费用和风险的责任划分(贸易术语明确了交货点)FOB(装运港船上交货)DAT(目的港或目的地终点站交货)2、商品价格的构成不同的贸易术语,价格构成是不同的;出口国-进口国(卖方工厂所在地) (买方工厂所在地)(三)贸易术语的作用节省交易磋商的时间和费用;简化交易磋商的内容和合同的内容;避免争议的发生;有助于国际贸易的开展;二、有关贸易术语的国际惯例一)1932年华沙牛津规则(Warsaw-Oxford Rules,简
3、称W.O.Rules 1932) 对CIF贸易术语作了解释(二)1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本(Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions) 对六种贸易术语作了解释; 其中FOB术语又分为六种;(三)INCOTERMS2010 (国际贸易术语解释通则)国际商会于1936年首次公布;于1953年、1967年、1976年、1980年、1990年、2000年先后进行了六次修订和补充;最新第七次修订是2010年,于2011年1月1日正式生效,为国际商会第715出版物;1、Incoterms2010 适用的范围(the Scope of Incoterms20
4、10)(1) 只限于买卖合同当事人的权利义务与已售货物交付有关的事项(the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract of the sale with respect to the delivery of goods sold);(2) 为当事人设定的若干特定义务(a number of identified obligation imposed on the parties)卖方的一般义务(A1)提供符合买卖合同要求的货物和商业发票,以及按合同规定需提供的任何其他证明货物符合合同的凭证买方的一般义务(B1)依照买卖合同规定支
5、付价款货物包装义务(A9-packaging)包装:指为满足买卖合同的要求对货物进行包装以及为适应运输方式需要对货物进行的包装,其不包括在集装箱或其他运载工具中装载包装好的货物。 卖方必须自付费用包装货物,但在特定贸易中运输此类货物无需包装的情况除外。卖方必须按照通常适合运输的方式包装,除非在订立合同前买方已通知卖方特定的包装要求。 (A9)包装应作适当标记(marking)运输标志、指示性或警告性标志、产地磅码标志等查对和检验货物的义务(A9-checking; B9-inspection of goods )卖方必须支付为完成交货所需核对(如核对品质、丈量、过磅、计数的费用;买方必须支付任
6、何装运前的检验(PSI- pre-shipment of inspection)费用,出口国当局强制检验者除外;货物进出口安检通关义务(A2、B2Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities)海关手续为遵守任何适用的海关规定所需满足的要求,包括各类单证、安全、信息或实物检验的义务。不仅包括交纳关税和其他费用,而且包括履行一切与货物通过海关有关的行政事务,以及向当局提供必要信息并交纳相关费用。进出口许可证或其他许可手续。海关职能的转变从传统的关税征收转变为贸易供应链安全保障和合作全球贸易安全和便利标准框架(
7、WCO SAFE Framework of Standards世界海关组织(WCO)2005年制订提出了保障供应链安全的两大支柱海关与海关间的合作海关与商界的合作实施了经认证的经营者(AEOAuthorized Economic Operator )管理制度以任何一种方式参与货物国际流通,并经海关认可符合世界海关组织或相应供应链安全标准的一方。AEO包括生产商、进口商、出口商、报关行、承运商、理货人、中间商、口岸和机场、货站经营者、综合经营者、仓储业经营者和分销商。 AEO制度的基本内涵海关以企业为基本合作对象,通过海关为守法、安全的企业提供最大化的通关便利,建立合作伙伴关系,达到互利双赢的目
8、的。卖方或买方帮助提供货物安全措施所需要的必要信息(A2 B2 A10 B10) 卖方的交货义务(A4 交货-Delivery交货:用来指明在此货物损坏灭失的风险从卖方转移至买方交货点风险点分为三类:在卖方所在地将货物交付买方处置(at the disposal of the buyer)EXW将货物交付承运(hand them over for the carriage)F组、C组术语在目的地交货(deliver them at destination)D组术语买方受领货物的义务(B4-taking delivery ) 当货物按照A4交付时,买方必须收取货物例如:按CIF或CFR术语成交,
9、当卖方完成交货义务后,买方有义务接收货物,并在指定目的港向承运人收取货物。双方当事人之间的风险划分 (A5 /B5-transfer of risks)风险转移点与交货点一致原则卖方在指定地完成交货义务时,货物损坏灭失风险即由卖方转移给买方风险提前转移买方未能按照要求使卖方能够交付货物仅限于“清楚地已确认本合同项下的货物”双方当事人之间的费用分摊 (A6/B6-Alocation of costs)费用分摊点与交货点一致原则卖方必须承担按照A4将货物运送至指定交货点所必须的费用,买方承担至该交货点起所发生的一切费用C组术语卖方承担至指定目的港或目的地的运输费用,其中CIF、CIP还须支付保险费
10、当事人的通知义务(A7和B7)卖方给予买方充分通知买方给予卖方及时和充分的通知通知方式电子方式未及时发出通知风险提前转移(B5)支付额外费用(B6)交货单据的提交和接受(A8-Documents of Delivery;B8-Proof of Delivery卖方须提供证明已完成交货义务的单据运输单据或对应的电子记录接受等同于运输单据的电子交单(A1和B1)买方须接受卖方所提供的交货单据Incoterms2010未涉及的问题货物所有权和其他产权的转移;违约及违约行为的后果;某些情况下的免责(如不可抗力的免责);一方为其本身是否应做某项事;货物将怎样送达至指定的交货点;买方收到货后如何处置货物F
11、OB-A3 Contracts of carriage and insurancea)Contract of carriage There is no obligation owed by the seller to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance There is no obligation owed by the seller to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the
12、 buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance.B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment. b) Contract of insurance There is no obligation owed b
13、y the buyer to the seller to make a contract of insurance本合同受Incoterms 2010的约束(The contract is governed by “Incoterms 2010”)“CIF Hongkong Incoterms 2010”2、Incoterms 2010主要变化(1)修订背景保障货物安全(Cargo security)针对反恐(anti-terrorism)-security clearances;any cargo security information适应英国ICC条款最新修订(ICC-2009)和美国U
14、CC的修订(UCC-2004);从适应制成品(manufactured goods)贸易试图向初级产品贸易领域渗透;从跨境(关境)贸易试图向国内(区域内)贸易(domestic trade, custom-free blocs)渗透;(2)修订原则语言表述上符合业务习惯(明确;列点;短句)如,No obligation(2000),改为:明确A对B不承担义务,但将提供协助(2010)规定了责任(Obligation)的底限(minimum obligation)例如,CIF卖方的保险责任 保持与公约(CISG)的协调(内容、表述) (3)修订目的扩大Incoterms适用范围对术语各类进行整合
15、(D组)对术语内容进行完善如运输单据要求(电子单据)方便术语使用每个术语前面加入了介绍(Introduction)和使用指南(Guidance Note)(4)修订要点 调整了术语的种类原13种术语调整为11种;增加了DAT、DAP两种术语,以替代DAF、DES、DEQ、DDU四种术语; 调整了术语的分类标准以运输方式(Mode of transport)作为术语分类标准(Classification)将11种术语分为两类海运和内河运输术语(Terms only for sea and inland waterway transport)4 种:FOB/FAS/CIF/CFR多式联运术语(Te
16、rms for any model of transport)7 种:EXW/FCA/CPT/CIP/DAT/DAP/DDP完善了术语介绍和使用指南如何使用Incoterms 2010不自动适用;不替代合同,不高于法律;选择适当的术语;明确交货点可用于国内贸易使用指南(Guidance Note)每个术语的背景、风险和费用基本概况;仅是解释性说明,不是术语的组成部分电子通讯(Electronic Communication)电子单据可替代所有纸质单据 保险新修订的ICC条款(2009年);互供保险信息(Information Duty) 与清关所需的安全信息责任链式交易(String Sale
17、s)初级产品的路货交易(sell/buy afloat)在交易链中的卖方(subsequent buyer),其交货不再是ship the goods on board,而是procure goods shipped(通常凭指示提单)试图渗透传统上由SOGA控制的大宗初级产品贸易的尝试重要词语的解释Carrier:与其签订运输合同的一方(订约承运人)Delivery:多义,此处为风险转移点;Electronic Record:等同于Paper Documents海关手续、包装、交货单据术语的变形(Variants)在合同中明确规定,不用缩写;若变形涉及费用(costs),最好在合同中说明,风险
18、(Risk)划分是否同时变化,即Delivery/risk point 和 Costs point 是否同时变化调整了部分义务分配和文字表述3、 Incoterms 2010 的结构(the Structure of Incoterms 2010)解释了11种贸易术语按适用的运输方式分为两大类适用于任何或多种运输方式的术语(Terms for Any or More Modes of Transport)为七种EXW FCA CPT CIP DAT DAP DDP适用于海运和内陆水路运输方式的术语(Terms for Sea and Inland Waterway Transport)为四种F
19、AS FOB CFR CIF买卖双方各自的义务规定仍为十项卖方在每一项目中的地位对应了买方在同一项目中的相应地位,但采用逐项平列,左右对照方式(A-sellers obligation; B-buyers obligation)例如:A1 卖方的一般义务(General obligations of the seller)B1 买方的一般义务(General obligations of the buyer)三、Incoterms 201011种贸易术语1. EXW “Ex Works” means that the seller delivers when it places the goo
20、ds at the disposal of the buyer at the sellers premises or at another named place (i.e., works, factory, warehouse, etc.). For the seller to deliver the goods, it does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle; neither does it need to clear the goods for export, where such clearance is ap
21、plicable.Ex Works represents the minimum obligation for the seller.EXW 属启运合同/发货合同(departure contract)卖方在其所在地(工厂或仓库)将货物交付给买方即完成交货义务。适用的运输方式任何运输方式(一种或多种)交货地点卖方所在地或其他指定地(工厂、工场、或仓库等)将货物交付买方处置(卖方不负责将货物装上任何运输工具)风险划分点卖方所在地或其他指定地费用划分点卖方所在地或其他指定地出口清关买方 EXW 装车(EXW loaded) EXW the added obligation for the sell
22、er to load the goods on the buyers collecting vehicle 适用于国内贸易,国际贸易FCA更适用2. FCA、FAS 、FOB 主运费未付术语(Main Carriage Unpaid)买方负责订立运输合同,支付运费 属装运合同 (shipment contract)卖方在合同规定的装运地/港将货物交付至买方指定的承运人/船边/船上,即履行了交货义务。卖方负责出口清关,买方负责进口清关Contract of insurance There is no obligation owed by the seller to the buyer to ma
23、ke a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance.FAS与FOB的比较FASnamed port of shipment船边交货(指定装运港)sellers primary dutydeliver the goods alongside the ship provide an “alongside receipt”provide export clearancebu
24、yers primary dutynominate carriercontract for the carriageFOB(named port of shipment) 船上交货(指定装运港)sellers primary dutydelivery the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods delivered for the destination .provide a clean on board receiptpay loading costs not included in the freight arrange export
25、clearancebuyers primary dutynominate carrier contract for carriage pay unloading costsFAS (Free Alongside Ship) FAS means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel, e.g., on a quay or a barge, at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all cost
26、s and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment onwards.FOB( Free On Board) “Free on Board” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to th
27、e goods passes when the goods are board the vessel, the buyer bearing all risks from that moment onwards.相同点:适用的运输方式海洋运输与内河运输;出口清关办理-卖方 FAS术语的出口清关由卖方负责,是INCOTERMS 2000的一个重要修改FAS-Where the goods are packed in containers, it is typical for the seller to hand the goods over to the carrier at a terminal
28、 and not alongside the vessel. In such situations, the FAS term would be inappropriate, and the FCA term should be used.The FOB term is not appropriate for use where goods are handed over to the carrier at a point other than the ships rail, for example goods in containers, which are typically delive
29、red at a terminal, or for loading on a roll-on/roll-off or LASH ship. In such situations, the FCA term should be used.不同点: FAS FOB交货点:装运港船边 装运港船上 (码头或驳船)风险点:装运港船边 装运港船上费用点:装运港船边 装运港船上程租船运输方式下,采用FOB术语成交,应明确卸货费用由何方负责。通常采用贸易术语的变形,如:FOB Liner Terms; FOB Under Tackle;FOB Stowed; FOB Trimmed;FOBST 等。 FAS明
30、确规定loading point at the shipment(如具体港区),因各港口的handling charge水平差异很大FOB卖方责任卖方必须在指定的装运港,于买方指明的装载地点(如有的话)将货物放置于买方指定的船上,或取得已如此于交付的货物作为交货。但在任何情况下,卖方均必须在约定的日期或约定的期间内,按照该港口的惯常方式交货。(A4 交货-The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the loading point,
31、 if any, indicated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either cases, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port.)卖方负担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险,直至货物已如A4规定交付为止。(A5 风险转移- The seller must b
32、ear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstanced described in B5)卖方必须支付与货物有关的一切费用,直至货物已按照A4完成交付。(A6 费用划分-The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in
33、 accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6 FOB术语买方责任买方须承担风险和费用未向卖方通知指定的船舶(fails to give notice of nomination of vessel) 指定的船舶未及时抵港( the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time)到港船舶无法安排装运( unable to take the goods)到港船舶提前截舱( closes for cargo earlier tha
34、n the time notified)美国对外贸易定义修正本: FAS-Free Along SideFAS vesselFOB vessel 出口清关-买方负责 FCA与FOB术语的比较 FCA(named place of delivery)货交承运人(指定交货地) Free Carrier 在80通则及此前的通则中代号为FRC;90通则改动最大的术语是FCA;2000通则也对FCA作了较大的修改;“Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or anther person nominate
35、d by the buyer at the sellers premises or another named place. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery , as the risk passed to the buyer at that point. 在集装箱运输时,根据货物装箱方式的不同,分为: 整箱货(FCLFull Container Load) 拼箱货(LCLLess than a Container
36、 Load) FCL-卖方自行装箱,并在其所在地(工厂/仓库)将集装箱交给承运人,或将集装箱交给集装箱堆场(CYContainer Yard)的货物承运人; 卖方工厂/仓库所在地(Door) FCL 集装箱堆场(CY) 拼箱货(LCL)-卖方通常将货物交集装箱货运站(CFSContainer Freight Station)的货物承运人,由CFS的承运人负责将去同一目的地的不同货主的货物装箱。 LCL CFS 卖方所在地(工厂/仓库) FCL CY 船/运输工具 LCL CFSsellers primary duty deliver the goods at the named pointpr
37、ovide evidence of delivery of the goods to the carrierarrange export clearancebuyers primary dutynominate carriercontract for carriage1、适用的运输方式各种运输方式,包括各种单一的运输方式和多式联运;2、订立运输合同,支付运费买方负责根据2010通则,如果买方要求,或者根据商业惯例,且买方未在适当时间给予相反指示,则卖方可按照通常的条件订立运输合同,但费用和风险由买方承担;无论何种情况,卖方均可拒绝订立运输合同,如果拒绝,应及时通知买方。3、交货地点买方指定承运
38、人或其他人(a freight forwarder)接收货物的地方(内地/口岸,如卖方所在地或承运人收货处);INCOTERMS 2010:1)如指定交货地点是卖方所在处所,当货物装上买方提供的运输工具上时,即履行了交货义务. 交货地点-卖方所在处所(工厂、仓库)买方指定的运输工具上2) 在其他情况下(不在卖方所在地,在其他任何地点,通常是买方指定承运人所在地,如承运人收货处),当货物放置于卖方的运输工具上准备卸载,交付给买方指定的承运人时,即履行了交货义务。 交货地点-承运人所在地卖方运输工具上If no specific point has been notified by the buy
39、er within the named place of delivery , and if there are several points available, the seller may select the point that best suits its purpose. Unless the buyer notifies the seller otherwise, the seller may deliver the goods for carriage in such a manner as the quantity and/or nature of the goods ma
40、y require.FCAShanghai 如:“FCA 123 Example Street, Paris, France Incoterms 2010” FCA上海铁路局收货处;FCA上海浦东国际机场东方货运有限公司收货处;FCA上海张华浜码头锦海集装箱有限公司收货处;承运人(carrier)-是与其订立运输合同的一方。承运人不仅包括实际履行运输的承运人,还包括订立运输合同的承运人,即运输代理人。4、风险转移点货交承运人处置处5、费用划分点货交承运人处置处INCOTERMS 2000的一个实质性变更:明确了FCA术语项下当货物交付至买方指定承运人时的装货和卸货义务。-如果指定地点是在卖方所
41、在地,则卖方必须将货物装上买方指定的承运人或其代理人提供的运输工具上,这时装货义务是卖方,有关费用由卖方承担。-如果指定地点是在其他任何地点,则当货物在卖方的运输工具上,尚未卸货而交给买方指定的承运人或其代理人处置时,这时卸货义务是买方,有关费用由买方承担。6、出口清关卖方7、进口清关-买方8、提交的单据商业发票及证明已交货的通常单据证明已交货的通常单据,即运输单据运输单据应视不同的运输方式而定,如可转让的提单,不可转让的海运单,内河运单、航空运单、铁路运单、公路运单或多式联运单据。也可以是电子单据。备运单据FCA与FOB的主要区别:1、适用的运输方式不同FOB-海洋运输和内河运输;FCA-各
42、种运输方式,各种单一的运输方式,包括多式联运;2、交货地点FOB装运港船上;FCA货交承运人处;3、风险的划分点FOB装运港船上;FCA货交承运人处;4、费用的负担(支付) 租船运输下,FOB装船费用由谁负担; FCA(1) 在卖方所在地交货,装货费用由卖方负担; (2) 在其他情况下,即在指定交货地卖方的运输工具上交货,有关卸货费用由买方负担。 5、运输单据FOB-已装船、清洁提单;FCA-据不同的运输方式而定,通常是备运单据; ( 3) CFR、CIF、CPT、CIP为主运费已付术语(Main Carriage Paid)卖方订立运输合同,支付运费;其中CIF、CIP术语由卖方办理货物运输
43、保险,支付保险费;属装运合同(shipment contract);卖方在合同规定的装运港/地将货物交付至船上或承运人,即履行了交货义务。卖方负责出口清关,买方负责进口清关When CPT, CIP,CFR or CIF, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier in the manner specified in the chosen rules and not when the goods reach the place of destination.I
44、NCOTERMS 2010强调:在CPT、CIP、CFT、CIF条件下,当卖方将货物交付给承运人或装上船时,卖方即履行其交货义务,而不是货物到达目的地。 费用点(point of costs)关键点 风险点(point of risks)=交货点(point of delivery) E、F、D组术语下,费用点和风险点是一致的;C组术语的费用点和风险点是不一致的,其费用(运费和保险费)将延伸至目的港/地,但风险点是在装运港/地。CFR与CIF的比较CIF(named port of destination)成本加保险费、运费(指定目的港)“Cost, Insurance and Freight
45、” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already delivered, at the port of shipment. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel. The seller must contract for any pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the
46、 goods to the named port of destination. The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyers risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.sellers primary dutycontract for carriage and insurancedeliver the goods ,or procure goods delivered, on board the vesselprovide a clea
47、n transport document (B/L or Seaway Bill) and a cargo insurance policy or certificatearrange export clearance pay unloading costs if for his account under the contract of carriageBuyer primary dutyaccept delivery of the goods upon shipmentreceive the goods from the carrierpay such costs as are not f
48、or the sellers account under the contract of carriageCFR(named port of destination)成本加运费(指定目的港)“Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel at the port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when th
49、e goods on board the vessel. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. sellers primary dutycontract for carriage deliver the goods or procure goods delivered, on board the vesselprovide a clean transport document(B/L or
50、Seaway Bill)arrange export clearance pay unloading costs if for his account under the contract of carriageBuyer primary dutyaccept delivery of the goods upon shipmentreceive the goods from the carrierpay such costs as are not for the sellers account under the contract of carriage共同点: 适用的运输方式海洋运输和内河运
51、输订立运输合同,支付运费by the usual route in a seagoing vessel (or inland waterway vessel, as the case may be) of the type normally used for the transport of the type of goods sold.交货点装运港船上风险点-装运港船上费用点-装运港船上出口清关卖方进口清关买方运输费用至目的港的运费;货物在装运港的装船费用货物在目的港的卸货费用(运输合同规定由卖方负责)货物通过任何国家运输时依据运输合同应由卖方负担的费用卸货费用的负担INCOTERMS 20
52、10规定,买方负责包括驳船费和码头费在内的卸货费用,除非合同规定由卖方负责;在程租船运输下,须明确卸货费用由何方负担。通常采用贸易术语的变形,如CIF Liner Terms ;CIF Landed; CFR ex Ships Hold等;提交载明目的港的通常运输单据可转让、已装船、清洁提单此单据必须(CFRCPTCIP相同):1、载明合同货物,其日期是在约定的装运期内;2、使买方可以在目的港向承运人提取货物;3、除非另有约定,应使买方或以通过转让单据(可转让提单)或通过通知承运人,向其后手出售运输途中的货物。提交全套正本(以可转让形式,并有数份正本签发)不同点:价格构成CIFCFRIFOBI
53、F 即CIF的卖方须办理货物运输保险,支付保险费,提交保险单据。卖方保险责任INCOTERMS 2010保险险别The seller must obtain at its own expense cargo insurance complying at least with the minimum cover provided by Clauses (C) of the Institute Cargo Clauses (International Underwriting Association of London (IUA) or any similar set of clauses. Th
54、e insurance shall be contracted with underwriters or an insurance company of good repute and entitle the buyer, or any other person having an insurable interest in the goods, to claim directly from the insurer.附加险别:When required by the buyer, the seller shall, subject to the buyer providing any nece
55、ssary information requested by the seller, provide at the buyers expense any cover, if procurable, for additional perils such as Clauses (A) or (B) of the Institute Cargo Clauses (International Underwriting Association of London (IUA) ,war, strikes or any similar set of clauses. 保险金额:In any event, t
56、he insurance shall cover, at a minimum, the price provided in the contract plus ten per cent (i.e., 110%) and shall be in the currency of the contract.保险期限:The duration of the insurance cover will start no later than the point of delivery set out in A4 and A5 and continue at least until the goods ha
57、ve reached the named port of destination.保险单据:The seller must provide the buyer with the insurance policy or other evidence of insurance cover.提供加保相关信息 Moreover, the seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with any information necessary for the buyer to procure any additional insurance.CIF的单据买卖
58、买方是凭单据付款; 卖方是凭单据交货(象征性交货)卖方提交的单据:齐全、正确 齐全:发票( Invoice)提单(Bill of Lading, B/L)保险单(Insurance Policy)正确:符合合同或买方/付款银行的要求 CIF合同的卖方:提交齐全、正确的单据;交付符合合同规定的货物(尽管不保证货物必定到达目的港); CIF合同的买方:拒收单据拒收货物-拒收单据的权利是在提交单据时发生的,而拒收货物的权利是在货物已经运抵岸上经过检验发现它与合同不符时才发生的英国判例买卖标的是巴西玉米,CIF安特卫普,1965年6/7月份装运。实际装船是在8月10日至12日,但提单日期倒签为7月31
59、日。负责装船的公证人签发的数量证明书上写明抽样日期为8月10日-12日。买方接受了单据,并付款。事后,买方以提单日期作弊和装运迟延起诉。上诉法院驳回上诉。“买方一经接受单据并对之付了价金,就不得在事后因晚装船或提单有缺陷而提出指控。”判例伦敦出口商向香港商人出售一批货物,采用CIF香港成交,装运期不迟于1951年10月31日,从欧洲大陆口岸装船。这批货物是在装运期届满后才在安特卫普装船,但提单日期倒签为10月31日。买方对此并未察觉,接受了单据,并在货物到达之后对之作了处置,即,将货物存入仓库,并以仓单向银行作了质押。事后,买方发现提单日期是伪造的,于是向卖方起诉,要求赔偿损失。“ CIF合同
60、项下的拒收单据的权利和拒收货物的权利是截然不同的。买方并不因处置了货物而丧失拒收与合同不符单据的权利。”The CIF/CFR term is not appropriate for use where goods are handed over to the carrier at a point other than the ships rail, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at an inland terminal, or for loading on a roll-on/roll-off
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