夜蛾类蔬菜害虫课件

1、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua和分类地位：鳞翅目Lepidoptera夜蛾科 NoctuidaeCommon names斜纹夜蛾：Common leafworm甜菜夜蛾：Beet armyworm别名斜纹夜蛾：莲纹夜蛾甜菜夜蛾：甜菜夜盗虫 简介形态特征Adult The adults are pale brownish moth, with the yellow-brown forewing having a distinctive pale band medially: wingspan is 30-40 mm.斜纹夜蛾Spodopter

2、a lituraEggs Eggs are spherical (0.3 mm) in diameter, and laid on the undersides of leaves in batches of 100-300 and covered with yellow colored hair-scales.Each female lays about 100-2000 eggs, hatching requires 2-6 days.Spodoptera litura The newly hatched larvae are pale green at first, and with a

3、 distinct black band on the first abdominal segment. Later they become brown with dark marking, with yellow lateral and dorsal stripes.The lateral yellow strip is bordered dorsally with a series of semi-lunar marks.Spodoptera lituraPapua Pupation takes place in the soil in an earthen cell, just bene

4、ath the surface, The pupa is dark red, 15 -20 mm long. Spodoptera litura甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua The adult is a small brown moth of wingspan up to 25 mm, and the fore wing is grayish-brown with two yellow spots near the center. The hind wing is a translucent white with narrow brown borders, There are r

5、ather nondescript in appearance and not easy to recognize. Spodoptera exigua Eggs are laid on the leaves of the host plants, in clusters, several layers thick, and covered with hairs from the female abdomen. Each cluster contains 50-300 eggs, one female can lay 300-900 eggs (up to 1700). Eggs usuall

6、y hatch after 2-4 days.Spodoptera exigua The larvae are very gregarious, at first green, later becoming variable green or brown usually with a lateral strip. Young larvae skeletonize the underside of the leaves, but as they grow they eat the entire lamina.Spodoptera exigua Pupation takes place in th

7、e soil and lasts about 6 days.一、分布和为害1、分布斜纹夜蛾 国外分布于地中海地区，东半球热带及亚热带地区。我国各地均有分布，以长江流域的江西、湖南、江苏、浙江、安徽以及黄河流域的河南、河北、山东等地发生严重。在广东，近年成为十字花科作物的猖獗害虫之一。1、分布甜菜夜蛾 分布很广，自北纬48-57度至南纬35-40度之间均有分布。我国各地均有分布，原在长江以北为害较重，近年在广东有逐渐加重的趋势。 斜纹夜蛾 多食性、杂食性和暴食性。可为害99科290多种，以水生蔬菜、十字花科蔬菜和茄科蔬菜受害最重。 甜菜夜蛾多食性，已知寄主171种，在国内为78种，其中包括29种

8、蔬菜，受害最重的作物是：甜菜、玉米、白菜、萝卜、菠菜、苋菜等。2、寄主为害方式 以幼虫为害植物叶部，也为害茎、花和果实。初龄幼虫群集为害，高龄后才分散。在大发生时能将全田作物吃光，在苗期常导致毁种。为害甘蓝和白菜时，常蛀入心叶，把内部吃空，造成腐烂和污染，失去食用价值。幼虫5-6龄。3、为害二、生物学特性1、斜纹夜蛾生活史成虫6-7 days卵2-6days幼虫12-20 days蛹5-30 daysCommon leafwormLIFE CYCLE24-50 days甜菜夜蛾生活史成虫8-10 days卵2-4days幼虫10-12 days蛹6 daysBeet armywormLIFE

9、CYCLE21-40 days世代数斜纹夜蛾： 一年多代，在华北一年4-5代，长江流域5-6代，长江以南6-8代，广东地区7-8代。甜菜夜蛾：一年多代，在华北一年4-5代，长江流域6-9代，广东地区10-11代。发生高峰斜纹夜蛾：长江流域7-8月 ， 黄河流域8-9月，广东6-9月。 甜菜夜蛾：北方6-8月，广东冬季严重。2、年发生动态活动习性昼伏夜出，交尾产卵均在半夜和黎明进行。飞翔能力较强，需补充营养。趋性有较强的趋光性。趋化性：斜纹夜蛾对糖、醋、酒液有较强的趋性。 甜菜夜蛾趋化性较弱。3、成虫习性产卵习性斜纹夜蛾：产卵前期1-3天，产卵期5-7天，卵块产，3-4层，外覆盖有灰黄色疏松的绒

10、毛。平均每雌产卵8-17块，约1000-2000粒。卵多产于植株高大、茂密、浓绿的边际作物上，芋头叶上尤其多。甜菜夜蛾：卵块产，较小，2-3层，外覆盖有白色疏松的绒毛。产于植物叶片背面。3、成虫习性取食习性初孵幼虫群集在卵块附近取食，2龄开始分散，4龄进入暴食期，5-6龄食量占总食量的80%左右。高龄幼虫具背光性，晴天、白天躲藏在背光处，晚上出来取食，故名夜盗虫。叶丝下垂低龄幼虫受惊时吐丝下垂，高龄幼虫受惊后卷缩落地。化蛹 幼虫老熟后，入土作一卵圆形蛹室，在其中化蛹。化蛹深度与土壤质地和湿度有关。4、幼虫习性三、影响发生的环境条件1、温度 Temperature斜纹夜蛾Common cutwo

11、rm温度范围Temperature range: 20-33 0C.最适温度The most favorite temperature: 28-30 0C。在33-40 0C条件下也能存活。喜温型昆虫。对低温的抵抗力弱，在0 0C条件下基本不能存活。甜菜夜蛾Beet armyworm温度范围Temperature range: 20-30 0C. 最适温度The most favorite temperature: 20-25 0C。斜纹夜蛾在不同温度条件下的发育历期卵温度0C22.425.528.330.7历期（天）7.32.92.42幼虫温度0C21.22526.829.530.2历期（天

12、）2716.716.914.812.4蛹 温度0C23-2728-30历期（天）10-178-112、天敌因子（斜纹夜蛾）寄生性天敌 Parasitoids卵期:黑卵蜂 Telenomus remus 幼虫期: 螟蛉绒茧蜂Apanteles ruficrus 侧沟姬蜂 Microplitis pallidipes .病原微生物 Entomo-pathogen : 斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（NPV）,斜纹夜蛾颗粒体（GV）, 斜纹夜蛾微孢子虫。捕食性天敌Predator: 蜘蛛Spider, 蚂蚁ants, 叉角厉蝽Predacious stink-bug 。四、防治 CONTROL 农业防治 Cultural Control 生物防治 Biological Control 成虫诱杀 Adult trapping 化学防治 Chemical control1、农业防治 Cultural Control控制虫源及时清除和消毁田边杂草上的虫卵和低龄幼虫。翻土晒田与灌水相结合，减少在土中的蛹和幼虫。人工采卵块或捕捉低龄幼虫。2、 生物防治 Biological Control利用病毒、 B.t.制剂和线虫。 保护天敌。 3、成虫诱集 Adult Trapping利用黑光灯和性