模块3_Unit3_知识点讲解

1、PAGE PAGE 21牛津英语高一模块三Unit3 单词 1. ancient adj. 古代的ancient Rome古罗马 study ancient history 研究古代历史people from ancient civilizations 古文明时期的人2. magnificent adj. 壮丽的；宽宏的；极好的many magnificent structures 许多宏伟的建筑物a magnificent voice 宏亮的声音a magnificent ceremony 盛大的庆典a magnificent house 豪华的住宅The magnificent scene

2、 of the waterfall is a perfect delight to the eye.瀑布的宏伟景象真是好看极了。The magnificent view of the ancient pagoda dissolved in mist.那古塔雄伟的景色在雾中消失了。3. remain 1) vi. 留下；遗留I went to the city, but my brother remained at home.我去了城市，可弟弟留在了家里。Only a few trees remain. 只留下了一些树。Some of them have disappeared, while o

3、thers remain today. 他们中有些已经消失，而有些保留到今天。 2)继续，依旧 （联系动词）（后接形容词，名词，分词和介词短语）Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。Hes determined to remain loyal (忠诚的) to the team whatever comes his way.他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。The death of the innkeeper still remains a mystery.客栈老板之死仍然是个谜。We will r

4、emain in contact with them. 我们将继续和他们保持联系。 She remained crying after I comforted her.我安慰她之后，她还在哭。 4. addition n. 加；加起来; 增加物Our baby brother is an addition to our family.新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。in addiction（常与to连用）此外In addition, we should be polite to people older than us. 此外，我们还应当对比我们年龄大的人有礼貌。 In addition to

5、 gene, intelligence also depends on an adequate(适当的, 足够的) diet, a good education and a decent (得体的) home environment.除了遗传基因外,智力的高低还取决于良好的营养,良好的教育和良好的家庭环境。5. house vt. (housed, housing) 1) house sb. 为某人提供住处；供房子给某人用The cottage (村舍, 小别墅) housed ten students. 这个村舍住了十个学生。Those caves may house snakes or s

6、ome other wild animals.那些洞里也许有蛇或者其它什么野兽。The personal picture exhibition is housed in that building.个人画展设在那所房子里。2) 供给地方贮藏 a library housing rare books 存有稀有书籍的图书馆Tomorrow we are off to Naples to visit the museum that houses many of thetreasures from Pompeii.6. surrounding 1) adj. 周围的，附近的 the surroundi

7、ng country/countryside 近郊 2) pl. 周围的事物, 环境social surroundings社会环境 railway surroundings铁路周围环境7. surround vt. 环绕，围绕The fence surrounds the school. 篱笆环绕着学校。 A wall surrounds the garden. 一座墙围绕着花园。 be surrounded with / by 被.环绕着, 周围都是.8. ruin 1) n. 毁灭, 崩溃, 废墟, 遗迹 （常用复数）We saw the ruins of the church. 我们看见

8、了这座教堂的废墟。in ruins 成为废墟，遭到严重破坏The building is in ruins. 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。2) v. (使)堕落, 毁灭, (使)破产, She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。I was ruined by that law case. 我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。9. 1) civilization n. u 文明，文明世界，文明社会；现代生活的舒适环境或文明设施 c/u （特定时期和地区）社会文明Chinese civilization, Europ

9、ean civilization, world civilizationIt is generally accepted that the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world. 普遍认为中国文化是世界最古老的文化之一2) civilize vt. 使文明，使开化；教化，熏陶，使文雅Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.有许多粗野的男人都被妻子教化好了。3) civilized adj. 文明的，开化的；有教养的，文雅的 Such things are not al

10、lowed to happen in a civilized society. 这样的事情在文明社会是不允许发生的。10 lecture (1)n.演讲，讲课give/deliver a lecture to sb. on sth.关于某事进行演讲 have a lecture 听演讲 go to a lecture去听演讲 The famous professor delivered a lecture on how to protect the environment.(2)v.作演讲，讲课Mr. Smith is lecturing on Russian literature11. un

11、fortunately, fortunately, luckily, unluckily, frankly(坦白地), obviously(明显地), exactly, honestly, generally, certainly 等副词，位于句首， 作状语，用来修饰整个句子。Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive after the volcano erupted.不幸的是,火山爆发后所有的人都被活埋了13. bury vt. 埋葬,安葬,埋 burial n. 埋葬He was buried in his hometown.他被埋葬在

12、他的故乡The house was buried under snow.房子被埋在雪下. be buried in =bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于Jean always buried himself in his work.简总是埋头工作。bury oneself in the country隐居She buried her face in her hands and cried.她双手掩面哭了起来。1) _ himself in novel, he didnt notice me coming in.2) _ in novel, he didnt notice me com

13、ing in. 3) _ yourself in your study, and you will make progress. ( Burying , Buried, Bury ) 14. destroy vt. 破坏, 毁坏, 消灭 指彻底毁灭或破坏,以至于不能修复,有时可用于比喻义。The terrible earthquake destroyed the whole city.They have destroyed all the evidence.destroy ones hopes, career, reputation毁掉某人的希望，事业，名誉 destruction n. 毁灭

14、，破坏15. damage 1) n. 损害, 伤害 do damage to 对造成损坏The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.这场暴风雨给庄稼带来了巨大的损失.律 (用复数)赔偿金 damages赔偿金She got a lot of damages from the insurance after het husband died.她丈夫死后她从保险公司得到了很多赔偿金. （前面与the连用）价钱What are the damage for the wash job of my car?清洗我的车要多少钱？2) vt. 损害，损坏；使受损失

15、指车辆, 房屋, 庄稼等事物的受伤或毁坏,但往往可以修复。The earthquake damaged several buildings. 地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。A large number of buildings were damaged in the earthquake.Smoking has seriously damaged his health.对： The destroyed car can be sold as waste iron 错：The damaged car can be sold as waste iron .16. ruin vt. 毁坏；毁灭 ruins

16、废墟,遗迹An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. 地震使整个小镇处在废墟中.The grand(雄伟的) city are now lying in ruins.fall into ruins 变成废墟 in ruins成为废墟the ruins of Rome古罗马遗迹 bring sb. to ruin毁灭come/go to ruin毁灭,崩溃ruin vt. 毁灭,毁坏,弄坏,糟蹋, 破坏方式不一定很粗暴,也可指对健康,事业的毁坏The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨把庄稼毁了。What he did and sa

17、id ruined the party last night.17. remain (1)vi.停留，留下，剩下 A few flowers still remained on the tree.(2) v. 依旧，仍然是（后面可接形容词，名词，分词和介词短语） The man remained modest and polite after he was elected minister.Mr.Smith became an engineer but his brother remained a worker.We will remain in contact with them.She r

18、emained crying after I comforted her.remaining adj. 剩下的，剩余的 remains n.遗迹，遗址，遗体 remains (of sth.) 剩余物；剩饭菜She fed the remains of the meal to the dog. 她把剩下的饭菜喂狗了。 残骸；遗体，遗骸；遗稿 pay ones last respects to the remains of sb. 向某人的遗体告别 the remains of a plane 飞机残骸 遗迹，古迹，遗址；遗风the remains of a Roman fort 罗马要塞的遗址

19、 the remains of the ancient custom 古俗遗风1.Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed2. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health_ poor. A. proves B. remains C. lasts D. continues18. paint vt. (1) 在某物上涂颜料或油漆 pa

20、int a house blue 把房子漆成蓝色I want to have the table painted yellow. 我想把桌子漆成黄色。Why not paint the door in different colors? 为什么不把门漆成不同的颜色？(2) 画画描绘 The girl is good at painting landscapes(山水画, 风景画).这个女孩擅长画山水画。paint n. 油漆, 颜料, 涂料Theres paint on your clothes. 你衣服上有油漆。Fresh paint! 美 (=英Wet paint !)油漆未干!paint

21、er n. 画家, 油漆匠19. enormous adj. 巨大的, 庞大的an enormous house巨大的房子an enormous amount of time大量的时间an enormous amount of money大量的钱an enormous amount of information大量的信息The problems facing the president is enormous.总统面临的问题是巨大的.20. heat (1) n. 热, 热度, 热烈, 高潮, 压力 the heat of the sun 太阳的热力 get into a white heat

22、白热化This fire doesnt give out much heat. 火没有发出很多热。The heat from the fire dried their wet clothes.火子的高温烘干了他们的湿衣服。 In the heat of the argument, Mr. Rogers lost his self-control. (喻)在这激烈的争论中,罗杰斯先生失去了自制力。(2) vt., vi. 把.加热, 激昂, 发热, 发怒 We heated the soup on the cooker. 我们在炉子上热汤。The room is heated by stove.

23、 这房间用火炉取暖。If heated, water can turn into steam(蒸汽). The sun heats the earth, causing the air to rise and the winds to blow.太阳给地球热量,引起空气上升,刮起风来。 heated adj. 热的, 激昂的, 兴奋的, 激烈的 heatedly adv. 激烈地 a heated argument 激烈的争论21. drive vt. (1) 迫使某人行动或进入某一状态drive sb. mad 将某人逼疯drive sb. out of ones mind 使某人丧失理智d

24、rive sb. into a corner逼得某人走投无路drive sb. to work hard 迫使某人拼命干活The loud noise of the people in the street almost drove me mad.街上人们的喧闹声几乎使我发疯.He was driven by hunger to steal.=Hunger drove him to steal. 他因饥饿而被迫偷窃.(2) 驱赶The farmer is driving many sheep to market. 那位农民正把羊赶到市场去The Chinese people drove the

25、ir enemies out of their country.中国人民把敌人从自己的国土上赶了出去.drive n.乘车之行 an hours drive一个小时的开车路程.lets go out for a drive.我们出去开车兜兜风吧 22. condition (1)处境，状况，现状，健康状况 (表示人或事物自身的“状况”时，多作不可数名词） be in poor condition 处于坏的状况 be in good condition处于好的状况be in excellent condition 处于极佳的状况 sb. be in excellent condition身体极好

26、sb. be out of condition身体欠佳He is in excellent condition for a man of his age.就其年龄而言，它身体极好。The ship is in no condition to make a long journey. 此船的现状不适宜远航。(2)条件(可数)Ability is one of the conditions of success. Their working conditions must be improved.(3)环境，情况（常用复数）（指人们所处的生活，工作，气候等境况时，是可数名词，且多用复数）under

27、 existing conditions在现有的情况下housing/living conditions住房条件词组: in good condition状态良好，身体健康，完好无损 out of condition 身体不适 in no condition to do不适宜做某事on condition that 条件是，只要 on no condition决不You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the riverside.你可以去游泳,只要不要离河岸太远.You must on no conditio

28、n tell him what happened.你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。23. uncover vt. 揭露,发现,揭开 uncover the pan 揭开锅盖Police have uncovered a plot (阴谋) to steal the money of the bank.警察已揭露一起从银行偷钱的阴谋。 He uncovered the scandal.他揭露那件丑闻。discover vt.发现，发觉Who discovered the new continent (大陆, 陆地)?24. feed vt. 1).给人或动物食物，喂养，饲养feed sb.(on)

29、sth. feed sth.to sb. What do you feed your dog on?She fed some more milk to the baby.feed on以 为主食 Cows feed on grass .提供原料feed A with B= feed B into A The moving belt feeds the machine with raw material. = The moving belt feeds raw material into the machine.传送带向机器输送原料/把原料输入机器中 be fed up with 对厌烦，不高兴

30、 相当于 be tired ofWe are fed up with his long boring speech.用feed with, feed on, feed into的适当形式填空1). Dont _ the baby _ spoon.2). The woman usually _ the baby _ milk.3). Every day he _ the computer _ a lot of information.4). Every day he _ a lot of information _ the computer.5). People in Jiangsu _ mai

31、nly _ rice. 25. solution n. 解决办法 a solution to sth. 某事的解决办法There is no simple solution to this question.这个问题没有简单的解决方法. solve vt. 解决 solve a problem 26. faithful adj. 忠实的 a faithful servant 一个忠实的仆人a faithful friend 一个忠实的朋友 a faithful dog 一条忠实的狗be faithful to sth/sb对忠诚 He remained faithful to the idea

32、l (理想) of the party until his death.他对党的信念至死忠贞不俞I have been a faithful reader of your newspaper for many years.多年来我一直是贵报的忠实读者.27. concerned adj. 担心的,关心的,有关的Concerned parents held a meeting忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次会.All members concerned are present at the meeting.所有相关的成员都出席了会议.be concerned about 关心They are very

33、much concerned about the future of their country.他们非常关心国家的前途.be concerned with与有关,涉及This book is concerned with the relationship between two nations. 这本书涉及两国之间的关系.28. concern 1) vt. 涉及, 影响, 关心, 让担忧What happens there directly concerns us. 那儿发生的一切和我们有直接关系.She is always concerning herself about what ot

34、her people say.她总是关心别人对她的评价.2) concern n. 担心,关心,关心的事I feel no concern about the matter.我不担心这件事。She shrowed a great deal of concern for her sons illness.她非常担心她儿子的病情。29. bomb 1) n. 炸弹, 原子弹a time bomb 定时炸弹 a smoke bomb烟幕弹 a bomb attack炸弹攻击 set off a bomb引爆炸弹Has the country got the bomb now?那个国家现在有原子弹吗？

35、 (go) like a bomb （车）快速（行驶）；非常成功My new car goes like a bomb. 我的新汽车开起来好极了。2) vt. 投弹于, 轰炸 In 1941, Pearl Harbor was heavily bombed by the Japanese.珍珠港被日本人严重地轰炸了. A bomb exploded. = A bomb went off. 一颗炸弹爆炸了。 30. board1) n. 木板, (供特殊用途的)木板, 甲板, 膳食费用, 会议桌, 部on board 在船上，在飞机上（在公共交通工具内）；上船（飞机或火车） We went on

36、 board the ship. = We got on board the ship. 我们登上了轮船。The moment we went/got on board the train, it started.我们一上火车,车就离开了.Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. 飞机上的人都很着急,而且我们急于想了解出了什么事。As soon as Im on board, I feel sick.我一上船,就感到恶心.There are 500 passengers o

37、n board the plane在飞机上有5000名乘客. 2) vt. 上船；坐船；搭乘（公共交通工具）He boarded the bus. 他上了公共汽车。31. sink v. 下沉, 使下沉 (sank, sunk)Wood does not sink in water. They sank the ship by making a hole in the bottom.他们在船底挖了个洞使船下沉.be sunk in sth. 陷入不快或深思中she just sat there, sunk in thought.sink into渗入,渐渐进入(不快,消极)状态The rain

38、 sank into the dry ground.雨水渗入干旱的土地中.She sank into a deep sleep/low mood. 她渐渐睡着/陷入消极的情绪.sunken ship 沉船32. declare vt., vi. 公告；布告；宣告；声明1）declare sth. 宣布某事declare the result of election 公布选举结果declare war 宣战 declare war against/ on 对宣战 The US president declared war against/on Japan.美国总统宣布了对日本的战争.2）decl

39、are doing sth. 宣布做某事 （无declare to do sth.）3）declare sth (tobe) sth. 或 declare sth (tobe) adj.This area has been declared (to be) a national park. 这地区被宣布为国家公园。I declare this bridge (to be)open我宣布这座大桥正式开通.4）declare常与that从句连用 “声称；郑重地说；断言”I declared at the meeting that I did not support him.我在会上声明我不支持他。

40、33.influence 1) v. 影响, 改变The weather in summer influences the rice crops.夏天的天气影响稻谷的收成.2) n.影响,感化,势力,有影响的人或事(C)have influence on=have an effect/impact on对有影响The book had a great influence on his life. 这本书对他的人生有很大的影响。a man of influence有权势的人under the influence of 受的影响, 由于的作用34. trade n.1）买卖；交易；贸易；Trade

41、 with other countries is important. 与其他国家进行贸易很重要。Since joining the WTO, Chinas trade with Europe has greatly increased.2）行业；同行者；同业者the clothes trade服装行业3）职业；行当；手艺He is learning the carpenters trade. 他在学木匠手艺。Shes a dressmaker by trade. 她是女服裁缝。4）贸易额；交易量a good trade in flowers 卖花的生意很好 trade v. trade wi

42、th与做交易 trade in oil/fur经营石油/毛皮 trade sth. for sth. 用换 trade on sth. 利用用介词填空1.His father trades _fruit.2.I have traded _ the company for 20years3.The child didnt trade his candy _ a watch.4.He shouldnt trade _ her kindness to take her in(欺骗她).( in, with, for, on )35. likewise adv. 同样地；也Paul always fi

43、nishes his work you should do likewise.保罗总是能完成他的工作，你应该也一样。 They went there on foot and I did likewise.他们步行去,我也步行去.Pleased to meet you. 见到你很高兴。likewise我也是36. similarity n. 类似, 相似, 近似；相似点；类似处a similarity between the sisters 两姐妹之间的相似之处similarity between A and BThere is some similarity between her and h

44、er sister.她和她的姐姐有一些相似之处。similarity to sb in sth 与某人在某方面的相似之处,She has a striking similarity to her mother in the way they behave.她在行为方式上与她的妈妈很像。37. similar adj. 相像的，相似的；近似的All big cities are quite similar. 所有的大城市差不多大同小异。be similar to in 与相似 My new dress is similar to the one you have. 我的新衣服和你的那件相似。be

45、 similar to in 在某方面与相似 Your clothes are similar to mine in color. 你的衣服和我的在颜色上很相似.The two houses are similar in size.两座房子在大小上很相似.38. spread vt., vi. (spread, spreading) 1)张开；伸展；延长；加宽（常与out连用）spread out a map 摊开地图Father spread the world map out flat on the floor and tried to find out the town where hi

46、s son was fighting.父亲把世界地图平摊在地板上,努力寻找他儿子正在战斗的小镇。The bird spread its wings. 这只鸟展开翅膀。2) 覆盖；涂敷a field spread with wild flowers 野花遍地的田野spread butter on bread =spread bread with butter 在面包上涂奶油3) 分布；分配，分摊, 把.分期, 使延长 spread the cost over 3 years将费用分摊三年4) 传播，传布, 蔓延；扩散 spread news 传播消息 spread across other co

47、untries 传播到其它国家 Flies spread disease. 苍蝇传染疾病。The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby. 火从工厂蔓延到附近的房舍。 The illness spread through the village. 这种病在村里蔓延开了。The news of victory spread apace. (apace adv. 快速地；飞快地)胜利的消息迅速传开。5) 摆桌子以备进餐；上菜spread tea on the table把茶点摆在桌子上Its time to spread for dinn

48、er. 是(摆桌子)开饭的时候了。spread n 蔓延；扩展；伸张；传播 39. explode vt., vi. 1） 爆炸；爆发The boiler exploded and a big fire ensued. (ensue v. 跟着发生)锅炉爆炸了,随着而来的就是一场大火。 2）发作explode with anger 勃然大怒 explode with laugher哄堂大笑40. memorial 1) n. 纪念品物, 日, 馆, 碑; 纪念仪式 2) adj. 记忆的; 纪念的; 追悼的 41. confuse vt. 1）使混乱；使迷惑We tried to confus

49、e the enemy. 我们试图迷惑敌人。I was confused by all the noise. 一片嘈杂声把我弄得昏头昏脑。They asked me so many questions that I got confused.他们问了我许许多多的问题， 把我弄糊涂了。2）混淆；混同；分不清两物之间的不同to confuse black and white 混淆黑白to confuse Mr. A with Mr. B 分不清甲先生和乙先生 Dont confuse Austria with / and Australia.不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混淆了。42. confusio

50、n n. 混乱；紊乱；无秩序confusion of ideas 观念混乱 fall into confusion 陷入混乱状态in a state of mental confusion 精神错乱43. arrange v. 安排, 筹划, 整理, 布置 He arranged the books on the shelf. 他把书架上的书整理了一下。 常见短语：1）arrange for 为安排arrange a party for them为他们安排一个晚会 2）arrange for to do 安排做 arrange for him to meet her 安排他跟她见面Ive ar

51、ranged for a car to pick them up at the station.我已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。3）arrange to do 约定做I arranged to meet him at 6 oclock. 我约定在6点钟跟他见面。4）arrange with sb. to do 与某人约定做arrange with her to meet at 8 和她商定8点钟见面5）arrange + that 从句 (从句用should + v.) 商定, 安排He arranged that the meeting should be put off for a wee

52、k. 他安排把会议延后一星期召开。44. found vt. 建立; 创建; 创办Her family founded the college in 1895. 她家族1895年创办了这所学院。The town was founded by English settlers in 1790. 这座城市是英国移民于1790建立的。found on/ upon 建立在基础上；以为根据 （被动形式： be founded on/ upon）a story founded on fact 一个以事实为根据的故事This story is founded on / upon fact. 这故事是有事实依

53、据的。Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱情和相互尊重的基础上的。（mutual adj. 共同的; 互相的；彼此的）45. They are kept exactly as they were 2,000 years ago. 他们保持着和二千年前一样的姿势。keepas they were (/ as it was) 这里意思是“保持着原来的样子”。as是连词意思是“照的方式”如:Leave the books as they are. 别去碰那些书。Put the papers as they w

54、ere. 把文件放到原来的样子。短语： 1. win a place赢得一席之位2. be known as 以而著称3. be buried alive 被活埋4. cause damage to do damage to 给造成损失/破坏5. wall paintings 壁画6. be off to + 地点(将)去某地7. A saying goes that俗话说8. go to a lecture 去听演讲 have a lecture 听演讲 give a lecture 作演讲 give sb. a lecture, give a lecture to sb. 给某人作演讲9.

55、 dig for treasure挖找财宝dig in the area for treasure 10. be made director of the Pompeii dig 11. after several days of travelling 12. in the 8th century BC, in 89 BC , in AD79 13. find some stone with writing on it 14. pour out of the volcano onto the surrounding countryside15. discover the ruins of th

56、e Loulan Kingdom16. find the ruins most interesting 17. go through the middle of the city 18. look at the volcano through a pair of binoculars19. feel sorry about sth. 20. lost civilization失落的文明21. be involved in sth/doing sth 参与，与有关联22. take over , take control of占领/接管 23. a ruined city城市废墟24. be i

57、n good condition 状况良好25. be concerned about 关心/关注27. set off a bomb引爆炸弹28. be on board 在船上，飞机上或火车上29. by the time 到时候30. a surprise attack 突然袭击31. set sail for起航去某地32. declare war against 向宣战33. manage to do sth. 经过努力,克服困难做成某事比较: try to do sth 某人尽力做,但不一定成功34. be off to 出发去 35. pour out 涌出，倾泻 36. as

58、early as 早在 37. lead to 导致 38. pour out 涌出，倾泻 39. go to a lecture去听演讲 40. be covered with被覆盖 41. prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事42. in memory of 纪念In memory of the Americans who died in the attack, a national memorial was built in Pearl Harbor类似表达有: in search of 寻找 in honor of 为表达敬意 in the hope

59、of抱着的希望 in praise of赞扬43.be in use在使用中The laboratory was built in 1900 and is still in use now.实验室建于1900,现在仍在使用。 be out of use 已不使用 come into use 投入使用 put sth. to use 使/将投入使用It is no use doing / to do sth做.是无用的44.in return (for)作为回报If you give me your photo, Ill give you mine in return.What can I do

60、 in return for your help?我该做什么来回报你对我的帮助呢?He gave me a book, and in return, I gave him a stamp.他给了我一本书,作为回报,我给了他一张邮票.43. carry out 完成,实现,贯彻,执行carry out ones plan 实行自己的计划carry out ones promise 履行诺言 carry out ones duty 履行职责carry out an experiment 做实验carry out an experiment on对做实验,carry out an experimen