高中英语人教版选修八-unit导学案教师版知识讲解

1、精品文档年级： 班级： 学生姓名： : 月日Part III (Para 4-6)Part IV(Para7-8)精品文档黄州西湖中学高二英语学科导学活页案Unit 3 Inventers and inventions课型一： 阅读课 (warming up, pre-reading, reading and comprehending)课型二： 词?匚课 (Discovering useful words and phrases)课型三：语法课(Discovering useful structure)课型四；语言技能课 (Using language)课型五：写作课(Reading and

2、 writing)课型六：测试课课型一：阅读课教学内容 Warming up; Pre-reading; Reading; Comprehending 教学目标了解科学发现与创造发明的区别及发明产生的过程和专利认 定的标准。2,掌握本单元教学目的和要求中的词汇和短语的用法。3,熟悉掌握过去分词做定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法。4,进一步熟悉打电话用语和书信格式，并学会写求职信。短语：patent, courtyard,distinguish, monitor, release, claim, file, bear, dot, tap, reproduce, merciful, product,

3、cube, cubic, caution, valid, convenient, expectation, passive, merry, seize, criterion, ripe, string, glue, freezing, greengrocer, identification, directory, dial, file, ripe, dynamic, tap, wire, straw, current, helicopter, triangle, stable, associate, practical, court, extension, version, competenc

4、ePeriod 1自主学习&合作探究Warming upTask 1.说说中国古代的四大发明是那些。Gun powder （火药） compass 脂南针）printing papermaking Task 2.讨论 Warming up问题，欣赏一些图片，说一说哪些是发现，哪些是发明，并总结出发现和发明的特点。Task 3.说一说你所知道的伟大发明以及这些发明对人类生活的 产生了哪些重大影响。Pre-readingTask 4.讨论Pre-reading中的问题，了解发明家为了让其发明得 到认可所必须通过的六个程序，并预测一下这几个程序的先后顺序。Task 5.预习课文，试着翻译下面的句子，

5、可以小组讨论 .Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既 可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed t

6、o kill snakes.我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的任何产品能帮助我。但是，看来只有一种毒蛇的药粉。Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes then cooled, I put the bowl into the fridge and waited for 24 hours.在碗的内壁和外壁都抹上果冻，这些果冻冷却后会冻结。我把这 个碗放进冰箱，冷冻了24个小时。The next morning I carried in my hand a sma

7、ll net used for catching fish.This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. But monitored carefully, the snake s proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan.第二天早晨我的手里拿了一个捕鱼用的小网。这是因为我预料蛇还全再咬人。但是经过仔细监视，证明这些蛇是制造不了麻烦 的，一切都按计划进行着。Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided t

8、o seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.由于朋友和亲戚的敦促，我决定把我这次的发明运到专利局去， 请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. (P21)(评定)专利标准非常严格，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很 难被接受成果

9、展不Task 6展示自主学习&合作探究任务成果。Period 2|自主学习&合作探究ReadingTask 1. Fast-reading.找出文章主旨大意。1) The text tells the problems of and presents the procedures of them and applying for a.2)将课文分为四部分，找出每个部分的大意。(Para1)The requirement of getting a patent.(Para2-3)The attempts to catch the snakes.The discovery of the probl

10、em of the snake.The research on the approaches to solve the problem.Task 2. Detailed reading 完成下列表格ParagraphStagesExamples in this story1Find a problemThe snake must be butnotDo researchLook forof removal; theof snakesTest the solution several timesTry times to make itwork7Apply for a patentFill in

11、the form and filed patent application with the Paten OfficeTask 3完成课后练习一（P21）成果展不.展示自主学习&合作探究任务成果。.教师总结并评价。检测反馈Period 3-4精品文档课型二： 词?匚课 (Discovering useful words and phrases) 学习目标:学习并掌握本单元所学的词汇和短语。自主学习：1.【原句】 When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. (P20)我给住在

12、乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。观察例句：?Your letter calls up those pleasant days when we worked together.你的来信使我回想起往日我们一起工作的快乐日子。?The makers have called in some cars with dangerous faults.制造商已经要求把某些有大毛病的汽车收回。?Success calls for hard work.要想成功，必须苦干。归纳总结：call upcall back call outcall in call atcall forcall on根据提示写出下面电

13、话用语 call up = ring up= ring= call 打电话 call back = ring back回 电话hang on/ hold on不挂断电话ring off挂断电话 answer the phone接电话即学即练：根据句意填入适当的介、副词The government calls the youth to donate their bloodvoluntarily.He is ill; you should call the doctor right away.Please tell him to call. My number is 5766490.I shall

14、 cal his home tomorrow, and could you go with me?. Snakes come near the house now and then and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree. (P20) 蛇时不时地爬到房子附近，似乎是在房子附近离胡桃树不远的地*X岁可点津/ (very now andnow nnd then 不时一事承次都需要不时地得到鼓励。,?He went to see his grandmother every now and the

15、n.他时常去看他的祖母。思考：表示“时而，有时”的同义词或短语还有哪些？【思考提示】 sometimes; from time to time; every now and again, at times, once in a while, occasionally 等。_归纳总结：now and then 偶尔； 有时即学即练：他时常提出一些奇怪的问题。He raises some strange questions now and then .我喜欢偶尔去看电影。I d like to go to the cinema now and then .原句 Here was a chance

16、for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. (P20)这次我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某 种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，又不会伤害它们。1)distinguish观察例句：?Jim distinguished himself in the examinations, reaching the top place in all his subjects.吉姆考试成绩突出，所有的科目都名列前茅。?People who cant d

17、istinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.不能辨别颜色的人被称为色盲。What was it that distinguished her from her classmates?是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？归纳总结：distinguish vi. &vt.显示的差别，使有所不同；辨别distinguished adj.卓越的,著名的，杰出的 distinguishable adj.易分辨的，能区分的distinguish between.and.区分 /辨别和distinguish.from.使有别于，使具有区别于的特

18、征be distinguished for.因而出名distinguish oneself (as.)(作为)表现突出distinguish by 以为特征即学即练：完成句子作为运动员她已经享有盛名。She has already distinguished herself as an athlete. (distinguish)孩子们几岁的时候才能明辨是非？At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong? (distinguish)是什么使得她有别于她的同班同学？What was it that dis

19、tinguished her from her classmates? (distinguish) Merciful观察例句：?The merciful king saved the young officer from death.仁慈的国王把年轻的军官从死神手中救了出来。?They had little mercy on their enemy.他们对敌人决不留情。?They were lost at sea, at the mercy of the wind and weather.他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。归纳总结：merciful adj.mercy n.merciful

20、ly adj. mercilessly adv.show no mercy tohave mercy onat the mercy of即学即练：用mercy的不同形式填空The merciless king showed no mercy and decided to kill all the prisoners; at last the merciful queen saved them.原句I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. (P20)于是我就着手研究蛇的习性

21、，以便能找到最简单的方法来捕蛇。观察例句：?We set about our task at once with great enthusiasm.我们立刻兴致勃勃地开始我们的任务。? Setting the chair aside, he sat on the floor.他把椅子搁到一旁，坐在地板上。思考：set about和set out表示开始做”时在形式上有什么不同？不同点主要体现在其后所接的非谓语形式上，即：set about doing sth. set out to do sth.归纳总结：精品文档set aboutset out set offset back set dow

22、nset aside即学即练：完成句子她每周都省出一点钱以备将来之需。She set aside a little money each week for future use. (set)如果你想赶上火车，你最好立刻动身去火车站。If you want to catch that train you d better set off for the train station immediately.(set).【原句】 They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. (P20)它们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里了。

23、观察例句：?The school is at convenient distance from my home.学校在我家附近。?The place is convenient for bathing.这地方适合游泳。?Come by to pick me up at your convenience.在你方便的时候来接我。?在你方便的时候请来看我们。误 Please come to see us when you are convenient.正 Please come to see us when it is convenient for you.归纳总结：Convenient adj.便

24、利的；方便的；就近的 convenience n.方便，便利；适宜；省事It is convenient for sb.to do sth.做某事对某人来说是方便的be convenient to.到达某处很方便at one s convenience在方便的时候；在适宜的地方at your earliest convenience 尽早for convenience 为了方便即学即练：完成句子如果你方便的话我想去拜访你。I would like to visit you if it is convenient for you . (convenient)互联网让我们间的联系便利了。Inter

25、net makes it convenient for us to get in touch with each other. (convenient).原句 This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite 精品文档again. (P21)这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。观察例句：?He took an umbrella with him in expectation of rain.他预料天会下雨，带了一把伞。?The plan has succeeded beyond our expectation.这项计划竟出乎我们意料地获得了成

26、功。归纳总结：expectation n.预料；期待；期望come/ live up to ones expectationbeyond expectationin expectation of即学即练：完成句子他的表演辜负了我们的期望。His performance didn t live up to our expectations . (expectation)我一向喜欢他的电影，但最新的一部没有我料想的那么好。I usually enjoy his movies , but the latest one didn t come up to my expectations . (expe

27、ctation) 难句解析：. The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. (P20)我所做的第一件事就是看有没有什么产品能帮 助我，但是，看来只有一种毒死蛇的药粉。，点拨：市 勺if引导的宾语从句1其中含有dial弓I导的定语从句一.was to see Cif ihert? wcrcb * that help nic) 系表结构表语是不定式魅语第二分句：过

28、去分词题语作后 置定语修锦 powdcrs|there nly seeTiicd io be powders (iokjjl snwkcr)I herc be句型的变.体(2) there seemed to be是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有”there be句型中的be有时还可以换成其他表示“有，存在”的词, 如 live , stand, lie, remain 等。即学即练：一句多译由于没有牛奶了，所以他去超市买一些。As there was no milk, he went to the supermarket to buy some.(主从复合句) There bein

29、g no milk, he went to the supermarket to buy some.(独立主格结构)8.Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. (P21)只有得到那种认可，你才可以说自己 是一个真正的发明家。点拨：only +状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时， 句子需部分倒装。?Only when the war was over was he able to get back to work.只有战争结束了，他才能回去工作。?Only y

30、ou are responsible for what you will become in the future.只有你对你自己的未来负责。即学即练：只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。Only in this way can you learn English well .Period 5课型三： 语法课(Discovering useful structure)教学内容:复习过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语掌握过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语。自主学习&合作探究Task 1找出划线部分在句中所做的成分。The first thing I did was to see if there were

31、 any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.I placed the frozen bowl over the snakes habitat The next morning I carried in my hand a small net used for catching fish.Look at the excited boy!So many thousands of terrified people died.Everyone present

32、was very inspired at his speech.You seem frightened.We found everything around changed.The readers wished the serial story continued.精品文档Task 2观察下列例句，归纳过去分词用法。一、过去分词作定语?The question discussed yesterday was very important.昨天讨论的问题很重要。?fallen leaves 落叶?faded flowers 凋谢的花1）过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义归纳总结：及物动词的过去分词作

33、定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已完成；不 及物动词的过去分词作定语时仅表示完成。2）位置?A watched pot never boils.心急锅不开。?This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.这本小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。?The suggestion （which had been） sent to the committee was adopted.呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。对十点潭/ amaze embarrass - interest excii过去| disap

34、point encourage * move. surprise aslonisli * deli昌hl frighten inspire * please puEsle terrify 5hock - sfitisfy T worry * con fuse amuse lire 等这 些动词构成的过去分词实际上已经成了形容词它 们常常用来修肺人口r点建/迂去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状 态动词的被动语 态表示 主语是 动作的 承受者.强 调动作V The cup is broken.杯子破了 （强调杯子的状态） The cup was l）rokci） ly Jim. 杯子是吉姆打破的口

35、（强调动作）I must get my bike repaired.我必须请人修理自行车。The girl was found beaten black and blue.人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。?When we got to school , we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，我们看到门被锁上了。?They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色。归纳总结：作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动词，通常和宾语有逻辑动宾关系。观察以下几组例句，总结出过去分词做宾语补足语的

36、四个结构：We thought the game lost.我们认为球赛输了。She felt a great weight taken off her mind.她觉得心里轻松了些。1）归纳总结：see, hear, watch, feel, find, observe, notice, look at, listen to 表示感 觉和心理状态的动词；I have my hair cut once a month.我每个月理一次发。He was trying to make himself understood.他正努力使别人听懂自己。“have +宾语+ done”结构有三个含义：（请人

37、）把某事做完。She had her house repaired.她请人把屋子修好了。Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪儿理的发 ？遭遇某种意外情况。He had his hat blown away on his way home.在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。 完成某事（自己也可能参与）。I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected.我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。He has had one thousand yua

38、n saved this year.他今年已存了 1000元。学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。3）归纳总结：动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like, want, wish, expect, order等”这一类动词的后 面作宾语补足语。With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。With fallen leaves buried in

39、the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.随着落叶每年被埋在土里，土壤变得越来越肥沃。4）归纳总结：过去分词用在“ with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语 之间是动宾关系。四、现在分1同与过去分匐的区别i司过去分同田r7 H 12rAi田r7个 a?I know the?1地解anman standing theie. 故以i 以/64 ythingiglanned如前即物令或“进行工2）使役动词的-ing形 式表示事物具有的 性质和特征，上那儿日勺那人。免畲州后羽嚷京被动“ 或“完成，2）使役动词的-心日形 式

40、表示人所处的状 态。表语宾补Period 7-8课型四；语言技能课 (Using language) 教学内容 Listening and speaking & Reading,了解电话发明者贝尔的发明及其成功的原因。自主学习&合作探究.Task1讨论：归纳总结：过去分词作表语，通常表示主语所处的状态，这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。常见的有：seated,surprised, astonished, amazed, moved, exhausted, worried, devoted, pleased, inspired, encouraged, excited, d

41、elighted, satisfied, scared, frightened, disappointed 等。三、过去分词作宾语补足语2）归纳总结：动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括 make,get, have, keep, leave, hold 等。He won t like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。The students wish the TV serial plays continued.Task 2. Get the main idea of the text.The te

42、xt mainly tells us some information about Bell and his精品文档What great inventors do you know? What are their great inventions?精品文档inventionsTask 3. Get some general information of Bell.DateInformationIn 1K47He was young11 years oldIn 187675 years oldTask 4.完成课后练习 P26.自主学习&合作探究Language points：.【原句】 I c

43、annot bear the smell of sausage burnt on the barbecue. (P24)我忍受不了烤肉架上烤香肠的味道。观察例句：?We will bear all the expenses.我们将承担所有的费用。?She was unable to bear.她忍受不了啦。?Hecan_ t bear being laughed at.他不能容忍被嘲笑。CTormus bear in mind what your parents have told youbear表示“忍受”的4普自用词上endure指对重大灾祸和困难的长时间.忍受，5 land表示“忍受”时

44、用于口语.?You must be ready to endure hardships and even death.你必须准备忍受艰苦，甚至死亡。归纳总结：bear vt. （bore, born （e）忍受；忍耐；负担bear doing/n./to do.忍受bear sb./sb. s doing sth.忍受某人做某事bear sb./sth.out 证实；为作证bear with sb./sth.耐心对待；容忍bear sth.in mind 牢记精品文档bear the responsibility/ blame 承受责任 /受责备即学即练：翻译下列各句中动词 bear的汉语意思

45、 I cannot bear his speaking to me in that rude manner.（忍受，容忍） He was born with a good memory.（出生） The trees have borne rich fruit.（结果实） She has already borne several children.（生育） His shoulders can bear a heavy load.（负担）.【原句】 Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. （ P25）偶尔离开平路去

46、寻求困境。观察例句：?Diving into her bag, she found a handkerchief just in time.她迅速地在她的提包里翻了一下，正好找到了一块手帕。?Jim dived into the argument as usual without thinking.吉姆同往常一样不加思考便加入了这场争论。?The men are diving for pearls.这些人正在潜水采集珍珠。?When the shots sounded in the street, he made a dive for the nearest doorway.街上响起枪声时，他

47、一头钻进最近的门口里。归纳总结：divedive into向某方向冲去或奔去；跳入（头朝下） ；一心投入dive for go divingmake a dive for sthtake a dive into（the subject ）即学即练：根据句意用dive的正确搭配填空Professor Smith is taking a dive into a new project. （dive n.）史密斯教授正在潜心钻研一个新的项目。 The main purpose of his holiday to Greece is to go diving （dive v.）他到希腊度假的主要目的就

48、是去潜水。The swimmer dived into the river to save the drowning child. （dive v.）这位游泳者跳入河里去营救那个溺水的小孩。.【原句】 Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph. （P25） 贝尔并非一 开始就要发明电话，他本来想设计的东西是多路电报。观察例句：?The government has set out to make many needed reforms.

49、 政府开 始进行许多必要的改革。归纳总结：set out to do sth.开始做某事;着手进行(计划) set off _ set up_ set asideset aboutset in思考：并写出下列划线短语的意义 We set off at dawn so that we could get to the coast before lunch time.（出发，动身） The novel is set in pre-war London. （以为背景）The demonstrators set fire to the mayor s house.（放火烧） He set aside

50、his work and came to help his friend out. 把置于一 边） We set about our task at once with great enthusiasm.开始着手做）hey set out lui he资以Ua fr Britain to travel yesterday.actory for making television sets? sei out”出发，开始”,侧重于开始做某事，还有规 划,展现的意思，后加不定式.set about“开始，着手”，与号它1 out意思相近,后加-U, -ing 形式 0即学即练：根据句意填入适当的介词

51、或副词他问我他该如何着手学习德语。He asked me how he should set about learning the German language.咱们把个人感情放在一边。Let s set aside our personal feelings.第二天一早，他就动身步行去长沙。Early the next morning he set out/off on foot for Changsha.政府已成立了一个委员会来调查捕鱼业。The government has set up a committee to examine the fishing industry.Altho

52、ugh he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody s life. （ P26） 虽然经常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他实际上是一位为精品文档改善人民的生活质量而不断寻求切实有效方法的探索者。观察例句：?We associated with all sorts of people.我们与各种各样的人打交道。?I

53、often associate summer with holidays.我常把夏日与假日联系起来。?In association with his friends, he runs a big business.与朋友联合，他经营着一笔大生意。归纳总结：associate vt.联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴associated adj有关联的，相关的association n.联合；联想；交往；协会，团体associate A with B把A和B联系在一起；由 A联想到Bbe associated with.和有关associate with sb.与某人交往或常打交道in associati

54、on with.与合伙 /合作归纳总结：他不让他的儿子与那个坏小子交往。He won t have his son associate with that bad guy. (associate)一闻到花香我就联想到我的童年。I always associate the smell of those flowers with my childhood. (associate).【原句】Hang on, please.请稍等。(P26)观察例句：?I m sorry the line is busy, would you like to hang on? 很遗憾电话 占线，请稍等一下好吗？?Wi

55、ll you hang on a minute? I m not quite ready.等一下好吗？我还没准备妥当呢。?It s hard work, but if you hang on, you are sure to succeed in the end.工作是够艰苦的，但只要坚持下去，最终你会成功的。?Why do these young fellows hang about all day doing nothing?这些小伙子为什么整天闲逛无所事事呢？?We tried to get her to go swimming with us, but she hung back.我们

56、尽力让她和我们去游泳，但她犹豫不决。归纳总结：hang on不挂断；紧紧握住；稍等；坚持 hang up挂断电话 hang about/ hang around 闲荡，陪伴 hang back 犹豫，退缩 hang together团结一致，紧密团结归纳总结：精品文档翻译下列各句中hang on的意义 I asked him to hang on while I ran for a pencil and a sheet of paper.（不挂断，等一等） He did not expect them to hang on much longer. （坚持）（D Although the branch was breaking, he hung on to it.（紧紧抓住）.原句I m sorry, but this phone is out of order. （P26）对不起，电话坏了。观察例句：?The lift was out of order and we had to walk up to the tenth floor.电梯坏了，我们不得不徒步登上第十层楼。?Just give me five minutes to put my desk in order.给我五分钟整理一下书桌。归纳总结：out of order发生故障；次序颠倒；有毛病；状况不佳in