人工智能词汇1217

1、常用英语词汇-andrew Ng课程intensity 强度Regression 回归Loss function损失函数non-convex 非凸函数neural network 神经网络supervised learning 监督学习regression problem回归问题处理的是连续的问题classification problem 分类问题discreet value 离散值support vector machines 支持向量机learning theory 学习理论learning algorithms 学习算法unsupervised learning 无监督学习gradie

2、nt descent 梯度下降linear regression 线性回归Neural Network 神经网络gradient descent 梯度下降normal equationslinear algebra 线性代数superscript 上标exponentiation 指数training set训练集合training example 训练样本hypothesis假设，用来表示学习算法的输出LMS algorithm “ least mean squares 最小二乘法算batch gradient descent才批量梯度下降constantly gradient descen

3、t 随机梯度下降 iterative algorithm 迭代算法partial derivative 偏导数contour等高线quadratic function 二元函数locally weighted regression 局部加权回归underfitting 欠拟合overfitting 过拟合non-parametric learning algorithms 无参数学习算parametric learning algorithm 参数学习算法activation 激活值activation function 激活函数additive noise 加性噪声autoencoder自编

4、码器Autoencoders自编码算法 average firing rate 平均激活率average sum-of-squares error 均方差 backpropagation 后向传才播 basis 基basis feature vectors 特征基向量batch gradient ascent 批量梯度上升法Bayesian regularization method 贝叶斯规则化方法Bernoulli random variable 伯努利随机变量 bias term偏置项binary classfication 二元分类 class labels类型标记concatenat

5、ion 级联conjugate gradient 共轭梯度contiguous groups 联通区域convex optimization software 凸优化软件 convolution 卷积cost function 代价函数covariance matrix 协方差矩阵DC component直流分量 decorrelation 去相关 degeneracy 退化 demensionality reduction 降维 derivative 导函数 diagonal对角线diffusion of gradients 梯度的弥散eigenvalue 特征值eigenvector特征向

6、量error term 残差feature matrix 特征矩阵feature standardization 特征标准化 feedforward architectures 前馈结构算法 feedforward neural network 前馈神经网络feedforward pass 前馈传导fine-tuned 微调first-order feature 一阶特征forward pass前向传导forward propagation 前向传才播Gaussian prior高斯先验概率generative model 生成模型gradient descent 梯度下降Greedy lay

7、er-wise training逐层贪婪训练方法 grouping matrix 分组矩阵Hadamard product阿达马乘积Hessian matrix Hessian 矩阵hidden layer 隐含层norm constrained 范数约束hidden units隐藏神经元normalization 归化Hierarchical grouping 层次型分组numerical roundoff errors 数值舍入误差higher-order features 更高阶特征numerically checking 数值检验highly non-convex optimizati

8、on problemnumerically reliable数值计算上稳定高度非凸的优化问题object detection 物体检测histogram直方图objective function 目标函数hyperbolic tangent 双曲正切函数off-by-one error 缺位错误hypothesis 估值，假设orthogonalization 正交化identity activation function 恒等激励函数output layer 输出层IID独立同分布overall cost function 总体代价函数illumination 照明over-complete

9、 basis 超完备基inactive 抑制over-fitting 过拟合independent component analysis 独立成份分析parts of objects目标的部件input domains 输入域part-whole decompostion 部分-整体分解input layer 输入层PCA主元分析intensity亮度/灰度penalty term惩罚因子intercept term 截距per-example mean subtraction 逐样本均值消减KL divergence 相对嫡pooling 池化KL divergence KL 分散度pret

10、rain预训练k-Means K-均值principal components analysis 主成份分析learning rate 学习速率quadratic constraints 二次约束least squares 最小二乘法RBMs 受限 Boltzman 机linear correspondence 线性响应reconstruction based models 基于重构的模型linear superposition 线性叠力口reconstruction cost 重建代价line-search algorithm 线搜索算法reconstruction term 重构项loca

11、l mean subtraction 局部均值消减redundant 冗余local optima局部最优解reflection matrix 反射矩阵logistic regression 逻辑回归regularization 正则化loss function损失函数regularization term 正则化项low-pass filtering 低通滤波rescaling 缩放magnitude 幅值robust鲁棒性MAP极大后验估计run行程maximum likelihood estimation 极大似然估计second-order feature 二阶特征mean平均值sig

12、moid activation function S 型激励函数MFCC Mel倒频系数significant digits 有效数字multi-class classification 多元分类singular value 奇异值neural networks 神经网络singular vector 奇异向量neuron神经元smoothed L1 penalty平滑的L1范数惩罚Newton s method 牛顿法Smoothed topographic L1 sparsity penaltynon-convex function 非凸函数平滑地形L1稀疏惩罚函数non-linear f

13、eature 非线性特征smoothing 平滑norm范式Softmax Regresson Softmax 回归norm bounded有界范数sorted in decreasing order 降序排列合匕能匕average activation 平均活跃度 derivative checking method 梯度验证方法 empirical distribution 经验分布函数 energy function 能量函数Lagrange dual拉格朗日对偶函数log likelihood对数似然函数pixel intensity value 像素灰度值 rate of conve

14、rgence 收敛速度ROC Curve/AUC Roc曲线下面积General Intelligence/AGI 通用人工智ArtificialAssociation anaNormalization/BN 批量归一化 decision rule贝叶斯判定准则Model Averaging/ BMA贝叶斯模型平均optimal classifier贝叶斯最优分类器source features 源特征 sparse autoencoder 消减归一化 Sparsity稀疏性 sparsity parameter 稀疏性参数 sparsity penalty 稀疏惩罚 square funct

15、ion 平方函数 squared-error 方差 stationary平稳性（不变性） stationary stochastic process 平稳随机过程 step-size步长值 supervised learning 监督学习 symmetric positive semi-definite matrix 对称半正定矩阵symmetry breaking 对称失效 tanh function双曲正切函数 the the the the the the the the topographic cost term 拓扑代价项 topographic ordered 拓扑秩序 trans

16、formation 变换 translation invariant 平移不变性 trivial answer 平凡解 under-complete basis 不完备基 unrolling组合扩展 unsupervised learning 无监督学习 variance 方差 vecotrized implementation 向量化实现 vectorization 矢量化 visual cortex 视觉皮层 weight decay权重衰减 weighted average 加权平均值 whitening 白化 zero-mean均值为零Accumulated error backpro

17、pagation 累积误差逆传 播Activation Function 激活函数Adaptive Resonance Theory/ART 自适应谐振理论Addictive model 加性学习Adversarial Networks 对抗网络 Affine Layer 仿射层Affinity matrix 亲和矩阵Agent代理/智能体Algorithm 算法Alpha-beta pruning a - 3 剪枝Anomaly detection 异常检测Approximation 近似Area UnderArtificialIntelligence/AI 人工智能lysis关联分析Att

18、ention mechanism 注意力机制Attribute conditional independence assumption属性条件独立性假设Attribute space 属性空间Attribute value 属性值Autoencoder自编码器Automatic speech recognition 自动语音识另UAutomatic summarization 自动摘要Average gradient 平均梯度Average-Pooling 平均池化Backpropagation Through Time通过时间的反向传播Backpropagation/BP 反向传播Base

19、learner基学习器Base learning algorithm 基学习算法BatchBayesBayesBayesBayesian decision theory 贝叶斯决策论Bayesian network贝叶斯网络Between-class scatter matrix 类间散度矩阵Bias偏置/偏差Bias-variance decomposition 偏差-方差分解Bias-Variance Dilemma 偏差-方差困境Bi-directional Long-Short Term Memory/Bi-LSTM双向长短期记忆Binary classification 二分类Bin

20、omial test 二项检验Bi-partition 二分法Boltzmann machine 玻尔兹曼机Bootstrap sampling自助采样法/可重复采样Bootstrapping 自助法Break-Event Point / BEP 平衡点Calibration 校准Cascade-Correlation 级联相关Categorical attribute 离散属性Class-conditional probability 类条件概率Classification and regression tree/CART 分类与 回归树Classifier 分类器Class-imbalan

21、ce类别不平衡Closed -form 闭式Cluster簇/类/集群Cluster analysis 聚类分析Clustering 聚类Clustering ensemble 聚类集成Co-adapting 共适应Coding matrix编码矩阵COLT国际学习理论会议Committee-based learning基于委员会的学习Competitive learning 竞争型学习Component learner 组件学习器Comprehensibility 可解释性Computation Cost 计算成本Computational Linguistics 计算语言学Computer

22、 vision计算机视觉Concept drift概念漂移Concept Learning System /CLS 概念学习系统Conditional entropy 条件嫡Conditional mutual information 条件互信息Conditional Probability Table / CPT 条件概率表Conditional random field/CRF 条件随机场Conditional risk 条件风险Confidence 置信度Confusion matrix 混淆矩阵Connection weight 连接权Connectionism 连结主义Consist

23、ency 一致性/相合性Contingency table 列联表Continuous attribute 连续属性Convergence 收敛Conversational agent 会话智能体Convex quadratic programming 凸二次规划 1Convexity 凸性Convolutional neural network/CNN 卷积神经网络Co-occurrence 同现Correlation coefficient 相关系数Cosine similarity 余弦相似度Cost curve成本曲线Cost Function成本函数Cost matrix成本矩阵Co

24、st-sensitive 成本敏感Cross entropy 交叉嫡Cross validation 交叉验证Crowdsourcing 众包Curse of dimensionality 维数灾难Cut point截断点Cutting plane algorithm 割平面法Data mining数据挖掘Data set数据集Decision Boundary 决策边界Decision stump 决策树桩Decision tree决策树/判定树Deduction 演绎Deep Belief Network深度信念网络Deep Convolutional Generative Adversa

25、rialNetworkDCGAN深度卷积生成对抗网络Deep learning深度学习Deep neural network/DNN 深度神经网络Deep Q-Learning 深度 Q 学习Deep Q-Network 深度 Q 网络Density estimation 密度估计Density-based clustering 密度聚类Differentiable neural computer 可微分神经计算机Dimensionality reduction algorithm 降维算法Directed edge 有向边Disagreement measure 不合度量Discrimina

26、tive model 判别模型Discriminator 判别器Distance measure 距离度量Distance metric learning 距离度量学习Distribution 分布Divergence 散度Diversity measure 多样性度量/差异性度量Domain adaption领域自适应Downsampling 下采样D-separation (Directed separation) 有向分离Dual problem对偶问题Dummy node哑结点General Problem Solving 通用问题求解Dynamic Fusion 动态融合Genera

27、lization 泛化Dynamic programming 动态规划 1Generalization error 泛化误差Eigenvalue decomposition 特征值分解Generalization error bound 泛化误差上界Embedding 嵌入Generalized Lagrange function 广义拉格朗日函数Emotional analysis 情绪分析Generalized linear model 广义线性模型Empirical conditional entropy 经验条件嫡Generalized Rayleigh quotient 广义瑞利商E

28、mpirical entropy 经验嫡Generative Adversarial Networks/GAN 生成对抗网Empirical error 经验误差络Empirical risk 经验风险Generative Model 生成模型End-to-End 端到端Generator生成器Energy-based model基于能量的模型Genetic Algorithm/GA 遗传算法Ensemble learning 集成学习Gibbs sampling吉布斯采样Ensemble pruning 集成修剪Gini index基尼指数Error Correcting Output Co

29、des / ECOC 纠错输出码Global minimum 全局最小Error rate错误率Global Optimization 全局优化Error-ambiguity decomposition 误差-分歧分解Gradient boosting 梯度提升Euclidean distance 欧氏距离Gradient Descent 梯度下降Evolutionary computation 演化计算Graph theory 图论Expectation-Maximization 期望最大化Ground-truth 真相 /真实Expected loss期望损失Hard margin 硬间隔

30、Exploding Gradient Problem 梯度爆炸问题Hard voting 硬投票Exponential loss function 指数损失函数Harmonic mean 调和平均Extreme Learning Machine/ELM 超限学习机Hesse matrix 海塞矩阵Factorization 因子分解Hidden dynamic model 隐动态模型False negative 彳假负类Hidden layer 隐藏层False positive 假正类Hidden Markov Model/HMM隐马尔可夫模型False Positive Rate/FPR

31、假正例率Hierarchical clustering 层次聚类Feature engineering 特征工程Hilbert space希尔伯特空间Feature selection 特征选择Hinge loss function合页损失函数Feature vector 特征向量Hold-out留出法Featured Learning 特征学习Homogeneous 同质Feedforward Neural Networks/FNN 前馈神经网络Hybrid computing 混合计算Fine-tuning 微调Hyperparameter 超参数Flipping output 翻转法Hy

32、pothesis 假设Fluctuation 震荡Hypothesis test彳假设验证Forward stagewise algorithm 前向分步算法ICML国际机器学习会议Frequentist频率主义学派Improved iterative scaling/IIS 改进的迭代尺度法Full-rank matrix 满秩矩阵Incremental learning 增量学习Functional neuron 功能神经元Independent and identically distributed/i.i.d.Gain ratio增益率独立同分布Game theory 博弈论Indep

33、endent Component Analysis/ICA 独立成分分析Gaussian kernel function 高斯核函数Indicator function 指示函数Gaussian Mixture Model 高斯混合模型Individual learner 个体学习器Induction 归纳Inductive bias 归纳偏好Inductive learning 归纳学习Inductive Logic Programming/ ILP 归纳逻辑程序设Linear Discriminant Analysis/ LDA 线性判别分析Linear model线性模型Linear R

34、egression 线性回归Link function联系函数计Local Markov property局部马尔可夫性Information entropy 信息嫡Local minimum 局部最小Information gain 信息增益Log likelihood 对数似然Input layer 输入层Log odds / logit 对数几率Insensitive loss不敏感损失Logistic Regression Logistic 回归Inter-cluster similarity 簇间相似度Log-likelihood 对数似然InternationalConferenc

35、eforMachineLog-linear regression 对数线性回归Learning/ICML 国际机器学习大会Long-Short Term Memory/LSTM 长短期记忆Intra-cluster similarity 簇内相似度Loss function损失函数Intrinsic value 固有值Machine translation/MT 机器翻译Isometric Mapping/Isomap 等度量映射Macron-P宏查准率Isotonic regression 等分回归Macron-R宏查全率Iterative Dichotomiser 迭代二分器Majorit

36、y voting绝对多数投票法Kernel method 核方法Manifold assumption 流形假设Kernel trick 核技巧Manifold learning 流形学习Kernelized Linear Discriminant Analysis/ KLDAMargin theory间隔理论核线性判别分析Marginal distribution 边际分布K-fold cross validation k折交叉验证/ k倍交叉Marginal independence 边际独立性验证Marginalization 边际化K-Means Clustering K -均值聚类M

37、arkov Chain Monte Carlo/MCMCK-Nearest Neighbours Algorithm/KNN K 近邻算法马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法Knowledge base 知识库Markov Random Field马尔可夫随机场Knowledge Representation 知识表征Maximal clique 最大团Label space 标记空间Maximum Likelihood Estimation/MLELagrange duality拉格朗日对偶性极大似然估计/极大似然法Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日乘子Maximum margin 最大间隔L

38、aplace smoothing拉普拉斯平滑Maximum weighted spanning tree 最大带权生成树Laplacian correction 拉普拉斯修正Max-Pooling最大池化Latent Dirichlet Allocation 隐狄利克雷分布Mean squared error 均方误差Latent semantic analysis 潜在语义分析Meta-learner元学习器Latent variable 隐变量Metric learning 度量学习Lazy learning懒惰学习Micro-P微查准率Learner学习器Micro-R微查全率Learn

39、ing by analogy 类比学习Minimal Description Length/MDL 最小描述长度Learning rate 学习率Minimax game极小极大博弈Learning Vector Quantization/LVQ 学习向量量化Misclassification cost 误分类成本Least squares regression tree 最小二乘回归树Mixture of experts 混合专家Leave-One-Out/LOO 留法Momentum 动量linear chain conditional random fieldMoral graph道德图

40、/端正图线性链条件随机场Multi-class classification 多分类Multi-document summarization 多文档摘要Multi-layer feedforward neural networks多层前馈神经网络Multilayer Perceptron/MLP 多层感知器Multimodal learning 多模态学习Multiple Dimensional Scaling 多维缩放Multiple linear regression 多元线性回归Multi-response Linear Regression / MLR多响应线性回归Mutual inf

41、ormation 互信息Naive bayes朴素贝叶斯Naive Bayes Classifier朴素贝叶斯分类器Named entity recognition 命名实体识别Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural language generation/NLG 自然语言生成Natural language processing 自然语言处理Negative class 负类Negative correlation 负相关法Negative Log Likelihood 负对数似然Neighbourhood Component Analysis/NCA近邻成分分析Neura

42、l Machine Translation 神经机器翻译Neural Turing Machine 神经图灵机Newton method 牛顿法NIPS国际神经信息处理系统会议No Free Lunch Theorem / NFL没有免费的午餐定理Noise-contrastive estimation 噪音对比估计Nominal attribute 列名属性Non-convex optimization 非凸优化Nonlinear model非线性模型Non-metric distance 非度量距离Non-negative matrix factorization 非负矩阵分解Non-or

43、dinal attribute 无序属性Non-Saturating Game 非饱和博弈Norm范数Normalization 归化Nuclear norm 核范数Numerical attribute 数值属性Letter OObjective function 目标函数Oblique decision tree 斜决策树Occam s razor奥卡姆剃刀Odds几率Off-Policy 离策略One shot learning 一次性学习One-Dependent Estimator / ODE 独依赖估计On-Policy在策略Ordinal attribute 有序属性Out-of

44、-bag estimate 包夕卜估计Output layer 输出层Output smearing输出调制法Overfitting过拟合/过配Oversampling 过采样Paired t-test 成对 t 检验Pairwise成对型Pairwise Markov property 成对马尔可夫性Parameter 参数Parameter estimation 参数估计Parameter tuning 调参Parse tree解析树Particle Swarm Optimization/PSO 粒子群优化算法Part-of-speech tagging 词性标注Perceptron 感知

45、机Performance measure 性能度量Plug and Play Generative Network 即插即用生成网 络Plurality voting相对多数投票法Polarity detection 极性检测Polynomial kernel function 多项式核函数Pooling 池化Positive class 正类Positive definite matrix 正定矩阵Post-hoc test后续检验Post-pruning 后剪枝potential function 势函数Precision查准率/准确率Prepruning 预剪枝Principal com

46、ponent analysis/PCA 主成分分析Principle of multiple explanations 多释原贝寸Prior先验Probability Graphical Model 概率图模型Proximal Gradient Descent/PGD 近端梯度下降Pruning 剪枝Pseudo-label 伪标记Quantized Neural Network 量子化神经网络Quantum computer 量子计算机Quantum Computing 量子计算Quasi Newton method 拟牛顿法Radial Basis Function / RBF 径向基函数

47、Random Forest Algorithm 随机森林算法Random walk随机漫步Recall查全率/召回率Receiver Operating Characteristic/ROC受试者工作特征Rectified Linear Unit/ReLU 线性修正单元Recurrent Neural Network 循环神经网络Recursive neural network 递归神经网络Reference model 参考模型Regression 回归Regularization 正则化Reinforcement learning/RL 强化学习Representation learnin

48、g 表征学习Representer theorem 表示定理 reproducing kernel Hilbert space/RKHS再生核希尔伯特空间Re-sampling重采样法Rescaling再缩放Residual Mapping 残差映射Residual Network 残差网络Restricted Boltzmann Machine/RBM 受限玻尔兹曼机Restricted Isometry Property/RIP 限定等距性Re-weighting重赋权法Robustness稳健性/鲁棒性Root node根结点Rule Engine规则引擎Rule learning规则学

49、习Saddle point 鞍点Sample space样本空间Sampling 采样Score function 评分函数Self-Driving自动驾驶Self-Organizing Map / SOM 自组织映射Semi-naive Bayes classifiers半朴素贝叶斯分类器Semi-Supervised Learning 半监督学习 semi-Supervised Support Vector Machine半监督支持向量机Sentiment analysis 情感分析Separating hyperplane 分离超平面Sigmoid function Sigmoid 函数

50、Similarity measure 相似度度量Simulated annealing 模拟退火Simultaneous localization and mapping同步定位与地图构建Singular Value Decomposition 奇异值分解 Slack variables 松弛变量Smoothing 平滑Soft margin 软间隔Soft margin maximization 软间隔最大化Soft voting 软投票Sparse representation 稀疏表征Sparsity稀疏性Specialization 特化Spectral Clustering 谱聚类S

51、peech Recognition 语音识另USplitting variable 切分变量Squashing function 挤压函数Stability-plasticity dilemma 可塑性-稳定性困境Statistical learning 统计学习Status feature function 状态特征函Stochastic gradient descent 随机梯度下降Stratified sampling 分层采样Structural risk 结构风险Structural risk minimization/SRM 结构风险最小化 Subspace子空间Supervise

52、d learning监督学习/有导师学习 support vector expansion 支持向量展式 Support Vector Machine/SVM 支持向量机 Surrogat loss替代损失Surrogate function 替代函数Symbolic learning 符号学习Symbolism符号主义Synset同义词集T-Distribution Stochastic Neighbour Embedding t-SNE T -分布随机近邻嵌入Tensor张量Tensor Processing Units/TPU 张量处理单元The least square method

53、最小二乘法Threshold 阈值Threshold logic unit阈值逻辑单元 Threshold-moving 阈值移动 Time Step时间步骤Tokenization 标记化Training error 训练误差Training instance训练示例/训练例 Transductive learning 直推学习 Transfer learning 迁移学习Treebank 树库algebra线性代数Tria-by-error 试错法asymptotically 无症状的True negative 真负类appropriate 恰当的True positive 真正类bias

54、偏差True Positive Rate/TPR 真正例率brevity简短，简洁；短暂Turing Machine 图灵机800 broader 广泛Twice-learning 二次学习briefly简短的Underfitting欠拟合/欠配batch批量Undersampling 欠采样convergence 收敛，集中到一点Understandability 可理解性convex凸的Unequal cost非均等代价contours 轮廓Unit-step function单位阶跃函数constraint 约束Univariate decision tree 单变量决策树constan

55、t 常理Unsupervised learning无监督学习/无导师学习commercial 商务的Unsupervised layer-wise training 无监督逐层训练complementarity 补充Upsampling 上采样coordinate ascent 同等级上升Vanishing Gradient Problem 梯度消失问题clipping剪下物；剪报；修剪Variational inference 变分推断component分量；部件VC Theory VC 维理论continuous 连续的Version space版本空间covariance 协方差Vite

56、rbi algorithm 维特比算法canonical正规的，正则的Von Neumann architecture 冯诺伊曼架构concave耳非凸 的Wasserstein GAN/WGAN Wasserstein 生成对抗网络corresponds相符合；相当；通信Weak learner弱学习器corollary 推论Weight权重concrete具体的事物，实在的东西Weight sharing 权共享cross validation 交叉验证Weighted voting加权投票法correlation相互关系Within-class scatter matrix 类内散度矩阵

57、convention 约定Word embedding 词嵌入cluster 簇Word sense disambiguation 词义消歧centroids质心，形心Zero-data learning 零数据学习converge 收敛Zero-shot learning 零次学习computationally 计算（机）的approximations 近似值calculus 计算arbitrary随意的derive获得，取得affine仿射的dual二元的arbitrary任意的duality二元性；二象性；对偶性amino acid 氨基酸derivation求导；得到；起源amenab

58、le经得起检验的denote预示，表示，是的标志；意味着，逻指称axiom公理，原则divergence散度；发散性abstract 提取dimension尺度，规格；维数architecture架构，体系结构；建造业dot小圆点absolute绝对的distortion 变形arsenal军火库density概率密度函数assignment 分配discrete离散的足）discriminative有识别能力的diagonal 对角dispersion 分散，散开determinant决定因素disjoint不相交的encounter 遇到ellipses 椭圆equality 等式extra额外的empirical经验；观察e