高考英语语法专题复习-情态动词和虚拟语气

1、情态动词重点难点解析情态动词的高考命题导向：情态动词表示说话者的情感和态度，有一定的含义，但是不能单独做谓语，必须与其他动词连用。注意区别具有相同功能的，意思相近的情态动词的用法。情态动词基本用法一览表情态 动词用法例句注息事项cancould表许可（和may可互换卜能力 表怀疑、猜测、可能性（用于 否定和疑问句中）You can/may sit here.He can swim.He cant be sixty.Could you come again tomorrow?can和be able to都可表能力, 但 be able to可表达“某事终于成 功”，有更多的时态。may migh

2、t表可以（问句中表请求，might更婉转）表口能，或许（might语气更加不肯定）表祝愿（用于倒装句中）May/Might I use your bike? He may/might be at home. May you succeed!1回答May-do？的否定用 mustn t/can t2 回答 May/Might do ?的否定用 can /might notmust表必须，应该（表主观要求） 表推测（用于肯定句）,“准是，一定”You must study hard.She must be tired.否te式 mustnt表小准，禁止；否定回答用 neednt/dont/does

3、nthave to（不必）have to只好，不得不（客观的必须， 有时态人称变化）Without help, I had to do it myself.must表主观思识。have to有多 种时态。ought to应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用shouldYou ought to obey laws.否定用 oughtn t疑问句用Ought - to do ？shall用干-三人称的疑问句，表征 询意见用于二人称,表小许诏、叩W、 WB 口 7Shall we go now?The sign there reads, No person shall smoke here.”should

4、表建议或劝告，“应该” 表出乎意料，“竟然” 本该（含有立备意味）You should learn from each other.You should have given him help.willwould表思志或决心疑问句中用于第二人称表请 求，would比较委婉He promised he would never smoke again.Will/Would you like some tea?would表示过去的习惯或售好，不涉及现在；used to表小过去常 常做现在已经不再有的习惯.dare敢（常用于否定句、疑问句和 条件从句中）He dare not/daren slefep

5、t alone. Dare you touch it?过去式dared;可作实义动词need需要，必须（常用于否定句和疑 问句中）You needn t dhe work now.Need- - do - ?的肯定回答：Yes,must.可作实义动词used to过去常常（现在已/、冉）He used to play football.否定式 usedn t/usen t to dodidn t use to ;do疑问 Used to do？Did use to do ?第1页共11页“情态动词+进行式”和“情态动词 +完成式”用法一览表句式说明例句can +be doingcan +hav

6、e done表示“可能”，附于否定句和疑问句 （could也可能有此用法，只是语气更委婉）He cant be telling lies.He cant have told lies.could+ have done指过去没实现的动作，表“本来可以”It s too late. You could have told him earlier.may+ be doingmay+ have done表示“可能，也许”，用于肯定句He may be doing homework.He may have missed the train.must+ be doingmust+ have done肯定句

7、表示“一定在干某事” 用于肯定句，表示“准是干了某事”The light is on. He must be working.He is sad. He must have failed the exam.neednt+ have done“本来不必做”，只附于否定句You needn t have lent the book to him. He bought it already.should/ought to+ have done肯定句表示“本应该做而实际没做”；否定句表示“不应该做而实际却做了”I should have bought it.You shouldn t have sco

8、lded him.填入情态动词的恰当形式或根据括号所提供的词填入情态动词恰当的结构。I should have been there, but I find the time.Helen go on the trip with us, but she isn t quite sure yet.Tom, you not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!You cant imagine that a well behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady.It has been announced that

9、 candidates remain in their seats until all thepapers have been collected.-Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.-She. I ve already borrowed one.John, look at the time.you play the piano at such a late hour?-this book be yours?-No, it not be mine. It be his.As a girl, she get up at six every d

10、ay.he to clean the classroom after school?You be tired after the long trip, aren t you?-Whats the name?-Khulaifi.I spell that for you?You(see) the film, haven t you?You(talk) on the phone at that time, for I couldn t get through.They(miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming f

11、or some reason.you pass the college entrance examinations!He had known the matter before you told him, so you(not tell) it to him.第2页共11页虚拟语气重点难点解析虚拟语气的高考命题导向：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、 假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客 观存在的事实。真实语气与虚拟语气的区别主要在谓语动词的形式上。 在做题时，要根据语 境，判断出是与那种时态相反的虚拟语气。虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表类别用法例句与现在事实相反If条件句的动词：过去式（be用were

12、）;主句动词：should/would/could/might + 动词原形If he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反If条件句的动词：had +过去分词；If I had been free, I would have visited you.if引导的主句动词：should/would/could/might +have条件从句+过去分词与将来事实相反If条件句的动词：过去式 /should +动词原形/were+不定式；主句动词:should/would/could/might + 动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, w

13、e would not go camping.其他状语 从句as if引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式They are talking as if they had been friends for years.even if/though引导的从句,从句用过去时，主句用should/would +动词原形分别表小与现在将来/事实相反；与过去事实相反：从句用had +过去分词；主句：should/would+have +过去分词Even if they were to fail, they wouldnt lose courage.从句中的 虚拟：宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句 和同位语

14、 从句demand, suggest, order, insist等表命令、建议、要求后的从 句中动词（should） +动词原形He suggested that we not change our mind.在 It is necessary/important/strangethat ， It issuggested/demanded/ordered/requested that 等从句 中, 谓语 动词用(should) +动词原形It is strange that such a person should be our friends.idea, advice, order, de

15、mand, request 等表命令、 建议、的词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词用（should） +动词原形My advice is that you (should) finish your homework first.The idea that you (should) go is right.wishwish后的从句中分别用过去式、过去元成式和could/would+ 动词原形表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反I wish I could be a pop singer.其他句型It is time that句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形Its high time tha

16、t we left.would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去兀成式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望If only our dream had come true!表示“建议、命令、要求“含义的词语:ask要求advise劝告determine决定decide决定command命令 insist坚持 intend 打算 move 提议 prefer宁愿 propose提议 order 命令 recommend 推荐 request 要求 require 要求 suggest

17、建议 urge 主张 demand 要求 desire 渴望 direct 命令第3页共11页二其他要注意的事项虚拟语气中出现 be的过去式，只能用 were。suggest表暗示、表明”和insist表示坚持认为，其后的宾语从句用陈述句语气。 例如： You pale face suggests that you are ill.He insisted that he was right.if虚拟语气条件句中如有had, should, were,可省略if,将其提前引起倒装。例如： Were I you, I would remain.Had you told me earlier, I

18、wouldn t have missed it.可用with, but for代替虚拟语气条件句。例如： But for your help. I would have failed the exam.Without air there would be no life.as if/though, even if/though也可以不用虚拟，表示真实的情况。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.用所给动词的适当形式填空-If he(warn), he(not take) that food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospi

19、tal immediately.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it(break).I would rather they(not hear) of the news.I wish I(have) a room of my own when I was a child.To the surprise of the public, the identification of the cause of such a simple event (take) more than a year.Without air

20、 to hold some of the sun s heat, the earth at night(be) freezing cold, too cold for us to stay.If I had worked harder at school, I(sit) in a comfortable office now.Her pale face suggested that she(be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she(have) a medical examination.I insisted he (go) to see a

21、doctor, but he insisted nothing (be) wrong with him.He asks that he(give) an opportunity to explain why he s refused to go there.It is high time we(get) down to discussing this plan.If it were not for the fact that you(be) too busy, I would ask you to help me do this right now.Who do you suggest(sen

22、d) to work there?I would have come earlier, but I(not know) that you were waiting for me.If it(rain) tomorrow, the outing would be cancelled.I did not call to make any airline reservation but I.The light is out. They(not work) now.-My cat is really fat.-You(not give) her so much food.第4页共11页第二节，完形填空

23、(共 20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项A, B, C, D,中选出最佳选项，并填在答题卡上。Communication is part of our everyday life . Humans are social beings and we need to 36 withother people. When we communicate , we can make use of both 37 and written language . But arethey 38 ? The answer is No. Sometim

24、es we have to communicate by using body movements instead of 39 . This is called body language . Body language is very important in our lives for several 40 . Firstly, it makes our communication more colorful . It s really41 to imagine a conversation without any body language 42 . How dull and borin

25、g it will be to just talkwithoutany gestures, facial expressions 43 any other body movements ! Body language makes our talkingmore 44 and interesting .Secondly, it makes our communication more 45 . Sometimes a gesture or a facial expressioncan make us more easily and quickly understood . 46 a good s

26、peaker for example: his or her body movements will help him or her leave a deeper and stronger impression on 47.Finally, sometimes we 48 to use body language. On some occasions, we are not allowed tospeak 49 . Examples of this are in the library or in the 50 classroom. Then body language willbe 51 n

27、ecessary. Also, when we meet someone in the street, there is no need for us to 52 for achat, so a nod or wave of hand may be OK .Your body language sends a strong message to others, so be aware that 53 you have your arms folded across your chest while you talk, you are 54 others out, for example . I

28、f you land aninterview, 55 your body language, ask good questions, and convey confidence and enthusiasm.Your body language indicates your level of self esteem. So understanding body language is a crucial (决定性的) part of meeting someone new and can not be overlooked .()36. A.dealB .workC. doD .live()3

29、7. A.bodyB .nativeC. spokenD .foreign()38. A.enoughB .goodC. correctD .useful()39. A.sentencesB .messagesC. wordsD .noises()40. A.timesB .reasonsC. occasionsD .places()41 . A.pleasantB .commonC. dyingD .hard()42. A.involvedB .madeC. talkedD .told()43. A.andB .butC. soD .or()44. A.aliveB .livelyC. si

30、lentD .difficult()45. A.complicatedB .reasonableC. effectiveD .interesting()46. A.SetB .TakeC. makeD .Turn第5页共11页()47. A. readersB studentsC listenersD people()48. A. haveB likeC oughtD get()49. A. quicklyB secretlyC loudlyD publicly()50. A. emptyB brightC largeD quiet()51 A muchB quiteC moreD hardl

31、y()52. A. hurryB stopC sitD catch()53. A. thoughB unlessC untilD if()54 A makingB showingC shuttingD. carrying()55 A sendB useC giveD mind第三部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40分）第一一节 （共15题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读卜列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AI had worked long and hard on this project . Knowing it was finally com

32、pleted gave me great satisfaction. Perfect“ I said Now, all I haVe ts to keep the dogs off it . I went about setting up barriers using old fence, deck chairs, planters, and anything I could find so as to avoid footprints both on the oil paint and our carpet . It worked perfectlyJust before returning

33、 to the house and to a much needed shower, I took one last look at this fine work of art . What is that? I saidhere did that come from ?” Clearly marked and evenlyspaced across the entire area, the tiny marks ran in straight lines.I carefully stepped to our flower garden. It was there I found severa

34、l of the small markings . Now, almost frozen in place by this shocking discovery, I remained in position so as to prevent further damage to my work . Just then, off to my left, it appeared . A chipmunk (花栗鼠). He was as surprised as I was. We stood there face to face looking at each other, wondering

35、who would make thefirst moveThe warm , humid air was now getting the best of me . Sweat now ran freely over my head, and in poor timing into my eyes I reached up to rub them and when I opened my eyes he was goneMy only satisfaction was in thinking that when he returned home he tracked oily footprint

36、s into his own home And , hoping he was married , his wife would not let him live it down for the rest of his life I stood up, shook my head, laughing about it and walking into my houseYes, I tracked oil on the carpet. I am married . My wife will not let me live it down for the rest of my life()56.

37、What was the project the author completed in the passage ?A. PaintingB . A carpetC. A fenceD. A flower garden()57. We can know from the passage that the chipmunk .A made fun of the authorB stole something important in the housespoiled the author s work D came for some food()58. What did the author d

38、o to the chipmunk ?A He made fun of the authorB He frightened it awayC He tried to catch it but failed第6页共11页He didn t do any harm to it()59. We can conclude from the passage that.A . the author was not satisfied with his family lifethe author was quite satisfied with his projectthe barriers the aut

39、hor set up were quite successfulthe chipmunk had a happy family just like the authorBIn most parts of the world, as far back as anyone can remember , there has been a puppet (木 偶)tradition . Although some of us think of puppets as children s entertainment, the-aiwfereoften still are used to tell ser

40、ious stories to adult audiences . Even in these days of special effects, the puppet theatre still has a special place in many cultures .The best known puppet characters in Britain are Punch and Judy, glove puppets with wooden heads. In summer, one basic play of about half an hour is performed on bea

41、ches all around Britain . Mr . Punch, who has an enormous nose and wears a curved hat, gets into trouble and has arguments with his wife, Judy . A policeman , a crocodile, and a hangman, and all of them run after Mr . Punch . He ,of course, invariably manages to survive to fight another day .In Belg

42、ium wooden puppets first appeared in the 1820s in cities like liege . The liege puppets are in fact string puppets without strings ! They have a single rod(棒)attached to their heads, which means the puppeteers aren t able to raise the arms and legs, but can move the body up and down and the head fro

43、m side to side . Many of the stories used to be historical or religious but it is Tchantches, a comic character wit patched trousers and a big black hat, who is the best loved character today. Like Mr . Punch, he is a simple man who is also greedy, quarrelsome and lazy. He makes fun of everyone, but

44、 is often warm-hearted and tender .()60. We can learn from the first paragraph that .A . puppets are much more popular nowadays .people prefer puppets to special effectspuppets were mainly intended for childrenpeople used puppets to make fun for adults)61. The underlined word invaribly in paragraph

45、2 is closest in meaning to.A . constantlyB . naturallyC. immediately D . bravely)62. The biggest difference between puppets in Britain and puppets in Belgium istheir.performing timeoperating waysproducing materialdecorating characters()63. The passage is mainly about.different kinds of puppetshow pu

46、ppets came into beingwhy puppets are popularstory-telling through puppetsCOur Web Editor Jan Fields has always loved two things writing and teaching, so she s第7页共11页done both throughout her professional career. After graduating from college with a BA in Journalism, she quickly found that writing for

47、 newspapers didn t fu18kb ishedreamswitched to magazines and soon began teaching magazine writing . Still, something didn t feel quite right . She wanted more challenges and creativity .In the 1980s, Jan answered a call to rewrite a year s childrenShenquibk11yssonfound that writing stories and activ

48、ities for children offered all she desired . She dove in and has never looked back. Her work has appeared in Ladybug, Shining Star and many others As Jan continued building credits in children s magazines, educational magazines, andparenting magazines, she looked for opportunities to pass along what

49、 she had learned to other writers . Soon, teaching small community college classes wasn-shewaetadjt0nhelpother writers to find success in creating material for childrenIn 2001, she discovered the Institute of Children s Literature and she s been happilyinstructing students here ever since. To best m

50、eet her students needs, she s constantly searching out new information . As a web editor, Jan looks after the needs of all the visitors to this site. She moderates the Scheduled Events discussion groups and the Writer s Retreatforum, writes for the Writer s Support Room, and edits the WriterRoom and

51、 s SupportWriting Tips articles Jan is always open to suggestions for new ways to meet the needs of the writing community . Feel free to email her. She s eager to hear from you ()64. Jan Fields finds what she really wants most .A . writing for newspapers .teaching magazine writing .writing stories a

52、nd activities for childrenteaching small community college classes .()65. Jan Fields gave up her first two jobs mainly because .she was badly paid as a journalistthe job didn t seem challenging or creativeC she was not good at writing at collegeD she likes teaching better than writing()66. It can be

53、 inferred that the Institute of Children s Literature isA where Jan Fields graduatedB where she cooperates with other writersC where writing materials are on saleD children are taught writing by Jan Fields()67. Which of the following is true according to the passage ?A . Jan fields is now working fo

54、r magazines like Scheduled Events, and Writer s Retreat B. Jan has stopped writing for magazines related to children, education and parenting . C. Jan works for web sections like Writer s Support Room and Writing TipsD. The passage is an advertisement to sell a childrens church curriculaD“The child

55、has become part of the management of family life,“ says Adele Schwartz, researcdirector for Stars for Kids, a children s ma-rkeiearch firm . This is a big role change infamily life . Housework is changing . It used to be to take out the garbage and walk the dog. This is a little bit bigger than that

56、 .”第8页共11页Three-quarters of students between the ages of 8 and 14 say they have completed anonline transaction (交易),according to a national survey on May 9 . Nearly one-fourth of the 6,000 young people asked say they shop with their parents credit cards, 26 percent usegift cards, and 8 percent say t

57、hey use their own credit card . Almost half say they help with electronic transactions because their parents are helpless online. Onethird help because their parents don t have enough time to shop“Kids do a large amount of comparison shopping, . Schwartz sMIss,a includingclothing, household items, f

58、amily vacations, and even large items like a car .All this cyber- help “ clearly gives kids a power that they might not have had before, Gary Rudman, in San Francisco . Parents still make the decisions, but kids have more and more effect than ever before, because they have access to information . Th

59、ey are more involved with the household, so they have more effect on some of the decisions .”Parents have different opinions about letting their children use credit cardsonline. Mr. Rudman says, “ Some parents are open to it, others are not for itLike many parents, Mrs, Hanstein keeps a watchful eye

60、 on Jacob s Internetnusteves to order something, but it s always with our guHadoesn t understand that a lot of thepop up advertisement You ve woH this You can get this for $1 is a scam”()68. is playing a more and more important role in the family management .A.The InternetB.The electronic transactio