economist经济学家学习资料

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。economist经济学家-economist经济学家socialisteconomy社会主义经济capitalisteconomy资本主义经济collectiveeconomy集体经济plannedeconomy计划经济controlledeconomy管制经济ruraleconomics农村经济liberaleconomy经济mixedeconomy混合经济politicaleconomy政治经济学protectionism保护主义autarchy闭关自守primarysector初级成分priva

2、tesector私营成分,私营部门publicsector公共部门,公共成分economicchannels经济渠道economicbalance经济平衡economicfluctuation经济波动economicdepression经济衰退economicstability经济稳定economicpolicy经济政策economicrecovery经济复原understanding约定concentration集中holdingcompany控股公司trust托拉斯cartel卡特尔rateofgrowth增长economictrend经济趋势economicsituation经济形势in

3、frastructure基本建设standardofliving生活标准,生活水平purchasingpower,buyingpower购买力scarcity短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment不发达underdeveloped不发达的developing发展中的initialcapital创办资本frozencapital冻结资金frozenassets冻结资产fixedassets固定资产realestate不动产,房地产circulatingcapital,workingcapital流动资本availablecapital可用资产capitalgo

4、ods资本货物reserve准备金,储备金callingupofcapital催缴资本allocationoffunds资金分配contributionoffunds资金捐献workingcapitalfund周转基金revolvingfund循环基金,周转性基金contingencyfund意外开支,准备金reservefund准备金bufferfund缓冲基金,平准基金sinkingfund偿债基金investment投资,资产investor投资人self-financing自筹经费,经费自给bank银行currentaccount经常帐户（美作:checkingaccount）curr

5、ent-accountholder支票帐户（美作:checking-accountholder）cheque支票（美作:check）bearercheque,chequepayabletobearer无记名支票,来人支票crossedcheque划线支票travellerscheque旅行支票chequebook支票簿,支票本（美作:checkbook）endorsement背书transfer转让,转帐,过户money货币issue发行readymoney现钱cash现金readymoneybusiness,nocreditgiven现金交易,概不赊欠change零钱banknote,not

6、e钞票,纸币（美作:bill）topay（in）cash付现金domesticcurrency,localcurrency本国货币convertibility可兑换性convertiblecurrencies可兑换货币exchangerate汇率,兑换率foreignexchange外汇floatingexchangerate浮动汇率freeexchangerates汇兑市场foreignexchangecertificate外汇兑换券hardcurrency硬通货speculation投机saving储装,存款depreciation减价,贬值devaluation（货币）贬值revalua

7、tion重估价runawayinflation无法控制的通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩capitalflight资本外逃securitiesbusiness证券市场stockexchange贡市场stockexchangecorporation证券交易所stockexchange证券交易所,贡交易所quotation报价,牌价share股份,贡shareholder,stockholder贡持有人,股东dividend股息,红利cashdividend现金配股stockinvestment贡投资investmenttrust投资信托stock-jobber贡经纪人stockcompany,

8、stockbrokeragefirm证券公司securities有价证券share,commonstock普通股preferencestock优先股incomegain股利收入issue发行贡parvalue股面价格,票面价格bull买手,多头bear卖手,空头assigned过户openingprice开盘closingprice收盘hardtimes低潮businessrecession景气衰退doldrums景气停滞dull盘整ease松弛raisinglimit涨停板break暴跌bond,debenture债券WallStreet华尔街shorttermloan短期贷款longter

9、mloan长期贷款mediumtermloan中期贷款lender债权人creditor债权人debtor债务人,借方borrower借方,借款人borrowing借款interest利息rateofinterest利率discount贴现,折扣rediscount再贴现annuity年金maturity到期日,偿还日amortization摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押allotment拨款shorttermcredit短期信贷consolidateddebt合并债务fundeddebt固定债务,长期债务floatingdebt流动债务

10、drawing提款,提存aid援助allowance,grant,subsidy补贴,补助金,津贴shorttermloan短期贷款longtermloan长期贷款mediumtermloan中期贷款lender债权人creditor债权人debtor债务人,借方borrower借方,借款人borrowing借款interest利息rateofinterest利率discount贴现,折扣rediscount再贴现annuity年金maturity到期日,偿还日amortization摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押allotment拨款s

11、horttermcredit短期信贷consolidateddebt合并债务fundeddebt固定债务,长期债务floatingdebt流动债务drawing提款,提存aid援助allowance,grant,subsidy补贴,补助金,津贴cost成本,费用expenditure,outgoings开支,支出fixedcosts固定成本overheadcosts营业间接成本overheads杂项开支,间接成本operatingcosts生产费用,营业成本operatingexpenses营业费用runningexpenses日常费用,经营费用miscellaneouscosts杂项费用ov

12、erheadexpenses间接费用,管理费用upkeepcosts,maintenancecosts维修费用,养护费用transportcosts运输费用socialcharges社会负担费用contingentexpenses,contingencies或有费用apportionmentofexpenses分摊费用income收入,收益earnings利润,收益grossincome,grossearnings总收入,总收益grossprofit,grossbenefit毛利,总利润,利益毛额netincome纯收益,净收入,收益净额averageincome平均收入nationalinc

13、ome国收入profitability,profitearningcapacity利润率,赢利率yield产量收益,收益率increaseinvalue,appreciation增值,升值duty税taxationsystem税制taxation征税,纳税fiscalcharges财务税收progressivetaxation累进税制graduatedtax累进税valueaddedtax增值税incometax所得税landtax地租,地价税excisetax特许权税basisofassessment估税标准taxableincome须纳税的收入fiscality检查tax-free免税的t

14、axexemption免税taxpayer纳税人taxcollector收税员ChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,C.C.P.I.T.中国国际贸易促进委员会NationalCouncilforUS-ChinaTrade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-ChinaEconomicAssociation日中经济协会AssociationforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,JapanHYPERLINK/riyu_Japanese/t_blank日本国际贸易促进会BritishCouncilfortheProm

15、otionofInternationalTrade英国国际贸易促进委员会InternationalChamberofCommerce国际商会InternationalUnionofMarineInsurance国际海洋运输保险协会InternationalAluminaAssociation国际铝矾土协会UniversalPostalUnion,UPU万国邮政联盟CustomsCo-operationCouncil,CCC关税合作理事会UnitedNationsTradeandDevelopmentBoard联合国贸易与发展理事会OrganizationforEconomiccooperati

16、onandDevelopment,DECD经济合作与开发组织EuropeanEconomicCommunity,EEC,EuropeanCommonMarket欧洲经济共同体EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation,EFTA欧洲贸易联盟EuropeanFreeTradeArea,EFTA欧洲贸易区CouncilforMutualEconomicAid,CMEA经济互助委员会Eurogroup欧洲集团GroupofTen十国集团CommitteeofTwenty（ParisClub）二十国委员会CoordinatingCommittee,COCOM巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean

17、CommonMarket,CCM,CaribbeanFree-TradeAssociation,CARIFTA加勒比共同市场（加勒比贸易同盟）AndeansCommonMarket,ACM,AndeansTreatyOrganization,ATO安第斯共同市场LatinAmericanFreeTradeAssociation,LAFTA拉丁美洲贸易联盟CentralAmericanCommonMarket,CACM中美洲共同市场AfricanandMalagasyCommonOrganization,OCAM非洲与马尔加什共同组织EastAfricanCommonMarket,EACM东非共

18、同市场CentralAfricanCustomsandEconomicUnion,CEUCA中非关税经济同盟WestAfricanEconomicCommunity,WAEC西非经济共同体OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries,OPEC石油输出国组织OrganizationofArabPetroleumExportingCountries,OAPECHYPERLINK/alaboyu_Arabic/t_blank阿拉伯石油输出国组织CommonwealthPreferenceArea英联邦特惠区CentreNationalduCommerceE

19、xterieur,NationalCenterofExternalTrade法国对外贸易中心PeoplesBankofChina中国人银行BankofChina中国银行InternationalBankforReconstructionanddevelopment,IBRD国际复兴开发银行WorldBank世界银行InternationalDevelopmentassociation,IDA国际开发协会InternationalMonetaryFoundAgreement国际货币基金协定InternationalMonetaryFound,IMF国际货币基金组织EuropeanEconomic

20、andMonetaryUnion欧洲经济与货币同盟EuropeanMonetaryCooperationFund欧洲货币合作基金BankforInternationalSettlements,BIS国际结算银行AfricanDevelopmentBank,AFDB非洲开发银行Export-ImportBankofWashington美国进出口银行NationalcityBankofNewYork花旗银行AmericanOrientalBankingCorporation美丰银行AmericanExpressCo.Inc.美国万国宝通银行TheChaseBank大通银行Inter-America

21、nDevelopmentBank,IDB泛美开发银行EuropeanInvestmentBank,EIB欧洲投资银行MidlandBank,Ltd.米兰银行UnitedBankofSwitzerland瑞士联合银行DresdenBankA.G.德累斯敦银行BankofTokyo,Ltd.东京银行HongkongandShanghaiCorporation香港汇丰银行InternationalFinanceCorporation,IFC国际金融公司LaCommunauteFinancieveAfricane非洲金融共同体EconomicandSocialCouncil,ECOSOC联合国经济及社

22、会理事会UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram,NUDP联合国开发计划署UnitedNationsCapitalDevelopmentFund,UNCDF联合国资本开发基金UnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization,UNIDO联合国工业发展组织UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment,UNCTAD联合国贸易与发展会议FoodandAgriculturalOrganization,FAO粮食与农业组织,粮农组织EconomicCommissionforEurope,ECE欧洲

23、经济委员会EconomicCommissionforLatinAmerica,ECLA拉丁美洲经济委员会EconomicCommissionforAsiaandFarEast,ECAFE亚洲及远东经济委员会EconomicCommissionforWesternAsia,ECWA西亚经济委员会EconomicCommissionforAfrica,ECA非洲经济委员会OverseasChineseInvestmentCompany华侨投资公司NewYorkStockExchange,NYSE纽约证券交易所LondonStockMarket伦敦贡市场BalticMercantileandShip

24、pingExchange波罗的海商业和航运交易所instruction,education教育culture文化primaryeducation初等教育secondaryeducation中等教育highereducation高等教育thethreeRs读、写、算schoolyear学年term,trimester学季semester学期schoolday教学日schoolholidays假期curriculum课程subject学科discipline纪律timetable课程表class,lesson课homework家庭作业exercise练习dictation听写spellingmis

25、take拼写错误（short）course短训班seminar研讨班playtime,break课间,休息toplaytruant,toplayhooky逃学,旷课course（ofstudy）学业studentbody学生（总称）classmate,schoolmate同学pupil小学生student大学生schoolboy男生schoolgirl女生auditor旁听生swot,grind用的学生oldboy老生grant,scholarship,fellowship奖学金holderofagrant,scholar,fellow奖学金获得者schooluniform校服teaching

26、staff教育工作者（总称）teachers教师（总称）primaryschoolteacher小学老师teacherlecturer大学老师professor教授schooling教授,授课assistant助教headmaster校长（女性为:headmistress）deputyheadmaster,deputyhead副校长rector校长dean教务长laboratoryassistant,labassistant实验员beadle,porter门房,学校工友gamesmaster,gymteacher,gyminstructor体育教师privatetutor私人教师,家庭教师pe

27、dagogue文学教师（蔑称）ofschoolage教龄beginningofterm开学matriculation注册toenroll,toenroll予以注册totakelessons（学生）上课toteach（老师）上课tostudy学习tolearnbyheart记住,掌握torevise,togoover复习test考试totest考试totakeanexamination,tositanexamination,todoanexamination参加考试convocationnotice考试通知examiner考试者boardofexaminers考试团examinationoral

28、,writtenexamination口试,笔试question问题questionpaper试卷crib夹带（美作:trot）topassanexamination（或exam）,通过考试pass,passinggrade升级prizegiving分配奖品tofallanexamination未通过考试failure未考好torepeatayear留级degree学位graduate毕业生tograduate毕业project,thesis毕业论文GeneralCertificateofEducation中学毕业证书（美作:highschooldiploma）holderoftheGener

29、alCertificateofEducation中学毕业生（美作:holderofahighschooldiploma）doctorate博士学位doctor博士competitiveexamination答辩考试Chinese语文English英语JapaneseHYPERLINK/riyu_Japanese/t_blank日语mathematics数学science理科gymnastics体育history历史algebra代数geometry几何geography地理biology生物chemistry化学physics物理physicalgeography地球物理literature文

30、学sociology社会学psycology心理学philosophy哲学engineering工程学mechanicalengineering机械工程学electronicengineering电子工程学medicineHYPERLINK/yixueyingyu/t_blank医学socialscience社会科学agriculture农学astronomy天文学economics经济学politics政治学commercialscience商学biochemistry生物化学anthropology人类学linguistics语言学accounting会计学law,jurisprdence

31、法学banking银行学metallurgy冶金学finance财政学mass-communication大众传播学journalism新闻学atomicenergy原子能学civilengineering土木工程architecture建筑学chemical,engineering化学工程accountingandstatisics会计统计businessadministration工商管理library图书馆学diplomacy外交foreignlanguage外文botany植物major主修minor辅修school学校kindergarten幼儿园infantschool幼儿学校pr

32、imaryschool,juniorschool小学secondaryschool中学highschool,secondaryschool专科学校businessschool商业学校technicalschool工业学校technicalcollege专科学校（university）campus大学university大学boardingschool供膳宿的学校dayschool日校,无宿舍学校,走读学校daystudentwhohaslunchatschool提供午餐的走读学生academy专科学院faculty系hallofresidence学校公寓classroom教室lectureth

33、eatre阅览室（美作:lecturetheater）amphitheatre阶梯教室（美作:amphitheater）staffroom教研室headmastersstudy,headmastersoffice校长办公室（assembly）hall礼堂library图书馆playground操场desk课桌blackboard黑板（apieceof）chalk粉笔slatepencil石板笔wallmap挂图skeletonmap廓图,示意图globe地球仪textbook课本dictionary词典encyclopedia百科全书atlas地图集satchel书包exercisebook练

34、习本roughnotbook草稿本（美作:scribblingpad）blottingpaper吸墨纸tracingpaper描图纸squaredpaper,graphpaper坐标纸（fountain）pen自来水笔biro,ballpoint（pen）圆珠笔pencil铅笔propellingpencil自动铅笔pencilsharpener铅笔刀,转笔刀ink墨水inkwell墨水池rubber,eraser橡皮ruler,rule尺sliderule计算尺setsquare三角板protractor量角器compass,pairofcompasses圆规MinistryofLabour

35、劳工部（美作epartmentofLabor）labourmarket劳工市场,劳务市场Labourexchange,Employmentexchange职业介绍所（美作:EmploymentBureau）labourmanagement职业介绍经纪人fullemployment整日制工作tobepaidbythehour按小时付酬seasonalwork季节工作pieceworkwork计件工作timeworkwork计时工作teamworkwork联合工作shiftwork换班工作assemblylinework组装线工作（美作:serialproduction）workshop车间han

36、dicrafts,crafts手艺,技艺trade,craft行当profession,occupation职务employment,job工作situation,post位置job一件工作vacancy空缺,空额workpermit工作许可证toapplyforajob求职,找工作application（forajob）求职toengage,toemploy雇用workcontract劳务合同industrialaccident劳动事故occupationaldisease职业病vocationalguidance职业指导vocationaltraining职业训练retraining,re

37、orientation,rehabilitation再训练,再培训holidays,holiday,vacation假期labourcosts,labourinput劳力成本fluctuationoflabour劳力波动（美作flabor）worker工作者permanentworker长期工,固定工personnel,staff人员employee职员clerk,officeworker办公室人员salaryearner雇佣工人workman工人organizedlabour参加工会的工人skilledworker技术工人unskilledworker非技术工人specializedwork

38、er熟练工人farmworker农场工人labourerworker农业工人daylabourer日工seasonalworker季节工collaborator合作者foreman工头trainee,apprentice学徒工apprenticeship学徒artisan,craftsman工匠specialist专家nightshift夜班shortageoflabour,shortageofmanpower缺乏劳力workingclass工人阶级proletarian无产者proletariat无产阶级tradeunion工会（美作:laborunion）tradeunionist工团主义

39、者tradeunionism工团主义guild行会,同会,公会association,society,union协会emigration移,移居employer雇主,老板shopsteward（工厂的）工会代表（美作:uniondelegate）delegate代表representative代表workscouncil劳资联合委员会labourlaw劳工法workingday,workday工作日full-timeemployment,full-timejob,full-timework全天工作part-timeemployment,part-timejob,part-timework半日工

40、作workinghours工作时间overtime业余时间remuneration报酬pay,wage,salary工资wageindex工资指数minimumwage最低工资basicwage基础工资grosswages全部收入net,realwages实际收入hourlywages,wagerateperhour计时工资monthlywages月工资weeklywages周工资pieceworkwage计件工资maximumwage最高工资（美作:wageceiling）slidingscale按物价计酬法paymentinkind用实物付酬dailywages日工资premium,bon

41、us,extrapay奖励payday发工资日,付薪日payslip工资单payroll薪水册unemploymentbenefit失业救济old-agepension退休金,养老金collectiveagreement工会代表工人与资方代表达成的协议retirement退休claims要求strike罢工striker罢工者go-slow怠工（美作:slow-down）lockout停工（业主为抵制工人的要求而停工）staggeredstrike阶段性罢工strikepicket罢工纠察队员strikepay罢工津贴（由工会给的）strikebreaker,blackleg破坏罢工者down

42、tools,sit-downstrike静坐demonstration,manifestation示威sanction制裁unemployment失业seasonalunemployment季节性失业underemployment不充分就业unemployedman失业者（个人）theunemployed失业者（集体）todischarge,todismiss辞退,开除,解雇dismissal开除,解雇toterminateacontract结束合同,结束契约negotiation谈判collectivebargaining劳资双方就工资等问题谈判receptionist接待员typist打字

43、员keypuncher电脑操作员stenographer速记员telephoneoperator电话接线员programmer电脑程序员systemanalyst系统分析员shorthandtypist速记打字员officegirl女记事员publicservants公务员nationalpublicservant国家公务员localpublicserviceemployee地方公务员nationrailroadman国营铁路职员tracer绘图员illustrator汇稿员saleswoman女店员pilot驾驶员simultaneous同时译员publisher出版人员graphicdes

44、igner美术设计员deliveryboy送报员secretary秘书policeman警察journalist记者editor编辑interpreter通译者director导演talent星探actor男演员actress女演员photographer摄影师scholar学者translator翻译家novelist小说家playwright剧作家linguist语言学家botanist植物学家economist经济学家chemist化学家scientist科学家philosopher哲学家politician政治学家physicist物理学家astropologist人类学家archae

45、ologist考古学家geologist地质学家expertonfolklore俗学家mathematician数学家biologist生物学家zoologist动物学家statistician统计学家physiologist生理学家futurologist未来学家artists艺术家painter画家musician音乐家composer作曲家singer歌唱家designer设计家sculptor雕刻家designer服装设计师fashioncoordinator时装调配师dressmaker女装裁剪师cutter裁剪师sewer裁缝师tailor西装师傅beautician美容师mode

46、l模特ballerina芭蕾舞星detective刑警chiefofpolice警察局长taxidriver出租车司机clerk店员mailman邮差newspaperboy报童bootblack擦鞋童poet诗人copywriter撰稿人producer制片人newscaster新闻评论人milkman送奶人merchant商人florist卖花人baker面包师greengrocer菜贩fish-monger鱼贩butcher肉贩shoe-maker鞋匠saleswoman女店员stewardess空中小姐conductor车掌stationagent站长porter行李夫carmecha

47、nic汽车修理师architect建筑师civilplanner城市设计师civilengineer土木技师druggist,chemist,pharmacist药剂师guide导游oilsupplier加油工（public）healthnurse保健护士dentist牙科医生supervisor监工forman工头doctor医生nurse护士宏观经济的macroeconomic通货膨胀inflation破产insolvency有偿还债务能力的solvent合同contract汇率exchangerate紧缩信贷tightencreditcreation私营部门privatesector财政

48、管理机构fiscalauthorities宽松的财政政策slackfiscalpolicy税法taxbill财政publicfinance财政部theMinistryofFinance平衡预算balancedbudget继承税inheritancetax货币主义者monetariest增值税VAT（valueaddedtax）收入revenue总需求aggregatedemand货币化monetization赤字deficit经济不景气recessionaperiodwhentheeconomyofacountryisnotsuccessful,businessconditionsarebad

49、,industrialproductionandtradeareatalowlevelandthereisalotofunemployment经济好转turnabout复苏recovery成本推进型costpush货币供应moneysupply生产率productivity劳动力laborforce实际工资realwages成本推进式通货膨胀cost-pushinflation需求拉动式通货膨胀demand-pullinflation双位数通货膨胀double-digitinflation极度通货膨胀hyperinflation长期通货膨胀chronicinflation治理通货膨胀tofig

50、htinflation最终目标ultimategoal坏的影响adverseeffect担保ensure贴现discount萧条的sluggish认购subscribeto支票帐户checkingaccount货币控制工具instrumentsofmonetrycontrol借据IOUs（Ioweyou）本票promissorynotes货币总监controllerofthecurrency拖收系统collectionsystem支票清算或结算checkclearing资金划拨transferoffunds可以相信的证明credentials改革fashion被缠住entangled货币联盟M

51、onetaryUnion再购协议repo精明的讨价还价交易horse-trading欧元euro公共债务membershipcriteria汇率机制REM储备货币reservecurrency劳动密集型labor-intensive贡交易所bourse竞争领先frontrun牛市bullmarket非凡的牛市aragingbull规模经济scaleeconomcies买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价bid-askspreads期货（贡）futures经济商行brokeragefirm回报率rateofreturn贡equities违约default现金外流cashdrains经济人佣金broker

52、agefee存款单CD（certificateofdeposit营业额turnover资本市场capitalmarket布雷顿森林体系TheBrettonWoodsSystem经常帐户currentaccount套利者arbitrager远期汇率forwardexchangerate即期汇率spotrate实际利率realinterestrates货币政策工具toolsofmonetarypolicy银行倒闭bankfailures跨国公司MNC（Multi-NationalCorporation）商业银行commercialbank商业票据comercialpaper利润profit本票，期

53、票promissorynotes监督tomonitor佣金（经济人）commissionbrokers套期保值hedge有价证券平衡理论portfoliobalancetheory外汇储备foreignexchangereserves固定汇率fixedexchangerate浮动汇率floating/flexibleexchangerate货币选择权（期货）currencyoption套利arbitrage合约价exerciseprice远期升水forwardpremium多头买升buyinglong空头卖跌sellingshort按市价订购贡marketorder贡经纪人stockbroke

54、r国际货币基金theIMF七国集团theG-7监督surveillance同业拆借市场interbankmarket可兑换性convertibility软通货softcurrency限制restriction交易transaction充分需求adequatedemand短期外债shorttermexternaldebt汇率机制exchangerateregime直接标价directquotes资本流动性mobilityofcapital赤字deficit本国货币domesticcurrency外汇交易市场foreignexchangemarket国际储备internationalreserve

55、利率interestrate资产assets国际收支balanceofpayments贸易差额balanceoftrade繁荣boom债券bond资本captial资本支出captialexpenditures商品commodities商品交易所commodityexchange期货合同commodityfuturescontract普通贡commonstock联合大企业conglomerate货币贬值currencydevaluation通货紧缩deflation折旧depreciation贴现率discountrate归个人支配的收入disposablepersonalincome从业人员

56、employedperson汇率exchangerate财政年度fiscalyear企业freeenterprise国生产总值grossantionalproduct库存inventory劳动力人数laborforce债务liabilities市场经济marketeconomy合并merger货币收入moneyincome跨国公司MultinationalCorproation个人收入personalincome优先贡preferredstock价格收益比率price-earningratio优惠贷款利率primerate利润profit回报returnoninvestment使货币升值rev

57、aluation薪水salary季节性调整seasonaladjustment关税tariff失业人员unemployedperson效用utility价值value工资wages工资价格螺旋上升wage-pricespiral收益yield补偿贸易compensatorytrade,compensateddeal储蓄银行savingsbanks欧洲联盟theEuropeanUnion单一的实体asingleentity抵押贷款mortgagelending业主产权ownersequity普通股commonstock无形资产intangibleassets收益表incomestatement营

58、业开支operatingexpenses行政开支administrativeexpenses现金收支一览表statementofcashflow贸易中的存货inventory收益proceeds投资银行investmentbank机构投资者institutionalinvestor垄断兼并委员会MMC招标发行issuebytender定向发行introduction代销offerforsale直销placing公开发行publicissue信贷额度creditline国际债券internationalbonds欧洲货币Eurocurrency利差interestmargin以所借的钱作抵押所获

59、之贷款leveragedloan权利股发行rightsissues净收入比例结合netincomegearing外贸中常见英文缩略词1C2T/T（telegraphictransfer）电汇3D/P（documentagainstpayment）付款交单4D/A（documentagainstacceptance）承兑交单5C.O（certificateoforigin）一般原产地证6G.S.P.（generalizedsystemofpreferences）普惠制7CTN/CTNS（carton/cartons）纸箱8PCE/PCS（piece/pieces）只、个、支等9DL/DLS（do

60、llar/dollars）美元10DOZ/DZ（dozen）一打11PKG（package）一包，一捆，一扎，一件等12WT（weight）重量13G.W.（grossweight）毛重14N.W.（netweight）净重15C/D（customsdeclaration）报关单16EA（each）每个，各17W（with）具有18w/o（without）没有19FAC（facsimile）传真20IMP（import）进口21EXP（export）出口22MAX（maximum）最大的、最大限度的23MIN（minimum）最小的，最低限度24M或MED（medium）中等，中级的25M/V