机械工程专业英语教程（第２版）Lesson 46

1、Lesson 46 Machining of Engineering CeramicsTerminologyText tour 8/5/20221机械工程专业英语教程Terminology8/5/20222机械工程专业英语教程Ultrasonic machiningUltrasonic machining (USM) is a mechanical material removal process for brittle materials which uses high frequency oscillations of a shaped tool using an abrasive slu

2、rry.超声加工: 超声加工是一种使成型工具产生高频振动，通过悬浮磨料的作用对脆性材料采用机械方式进行材料去除的过程。机械工程专业英语教程8/5/2022Slurry A thin mixture of a liquid, especially water, and any of several finely divided substances.悬浮液：一种液体，尤指水和几种颗粒细小的物质的较稀的混合物。 3Engineering ceramic materials have attractive properties: high hardness, high thermal resista

3、nce, chemical inertness, and low thermal or electrical conductivity, to name a few. However, these properties make ceramics extremely difficult to machine, whether by abrasive or nonabrasive processes.工程陶瓷材料具有许多引人注目的特性，诸如：高硬度，高耐热性，化学惰性，低的导热性和导电率等。然而，这些特性使得陶瓷的机械加工非常困难，不管是采用磨削或者非磨削的方法都是如此。机械工程专业英语教程8/

4、5/2022Text tour4Grinding involves a complex interaction between a number of variables: workpiece material properties, wheel specifications, machine tools selection, and wheel preparation. This interaction, called “grindability,”can be quantified in terms of material-removal rate, power or grinding f

5、orce required, surface roughness, tolerances, and surface integrity.磨削涉及到工件的材料性能、砂轮规格、机床的选择与砂轮准备等许多变量之间复杂的相互影响。这种相互影响叫做“磨削性”，它可以用材料去除速度、所需要的动力或者磨削力、表面粗糙度、公差和表面完整性等项指标的数量大小来表示。机械工程专业英语教程8/5/20225There are no heat effects nor large mechanical forces in water-jet machining, so that even the most therma

6、l-shock sensitive, weakest ceramics can be cut without damage. Chatter, vibration, surface distortion, and subsurface damage of the workpiece also are eliminated.水射流加工既无热影响也不需要大的机械力，因此在切削对热冲击最敏感的和最脆弱的陶瓷时，都不会造成工件的损坏。这种加工方法可以避免产生颤振、振动、工件的表面变形或表面层下的损伤。机械工程专业英语教程8/5/20226Ultrasonic machining is another

7、abrasive process that has certain advantages over conventional grinding. Sometimes called impact grinding, it is a mechanical process that uses a high frequency transducer. As the electrical energy is converted into mechanical motion, a low-amplitude vibrationis produced.超声加工是另外一种磨削加工过程，它具有一些优于常规磨削的

8、特点。超声加工有时被称为冲击磨削，它是使用高频换能器的一种机械加工过程。当电能转换为机械运动时，就会产生小振幅的振动。机械工程专业英语教程8/5/20227Abrasionless machining, such as laser-beam and electron-beam machining (LBM, EBM), is not limited by the hardness of ceramics and therefore offers an alternative to conventional grinding. In LBM, a laser focuses an intense

9、 beam of light onto the workpiece to vaporize material. Because the laser beam is mechanically positioned, it is not as fast as EBM.非磨削加工，诸如激光束加工和电子束加工，不受陶瓷硬度的限制，因此可以用来代替常规磨削加工。在激光束加工中，激光器将能量密度高的光束聚焦在工件上，使工件材料蒸发。由于激光束是由机械定位的，因此没有电子束加工快。8机械工程专业英语教程8/5/2022Machining rate is controlled by the rate at which material, which is melted and vaporized, is