语法五(英语状语从句)

1、状语及状语从句 第一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。 第二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。第三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。状语一般分为九大类时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 目的状语 结果状语 条件状语 方式状语 比较状语 让步状语第四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。什么能做状语？1 副词2 介词短语 ：he traveled in Africa for six weeks.3 形容词: my u

2、ncle stood there, died. he finally came back, tired and cold.4 with复合结构: with a lot of work to do, I think I have no time to accompany you.5 独立主格结构: he lay on his bed, his hands under his head.6 非谓语动词：to do doing / having done done7 状语从句 第五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。1.时间状语从句： 当时候: when, while, as, 一就： the mo

3、ment, the minute, as soon as, immediately, directly，no soonerthan, hardlywhen每当：every time, each time其他：before, after, till, until, since第六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。When -当时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。When I opened the window, I saw him come up.When I have time , I will go to see you. （主将从现）第七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五

4、十三分。When - 正在（要）的时候，突然。在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。I was walking along（正在） the street , when I met him.I was about to(正要) fall asleep when my sister came in.I am going to (正要)leave when the telephone rings.第八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakf

5、ast.When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived.第九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。When the children had gone to bed, she began toprepare her lessons. When=after第十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。While -在期间，往往指一段时间。While we were in America, we saw him twice.While we were talking, he came in.Strike while the iron is hot. 第十

6、一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。While -表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powder the face.第十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows. 第十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。小结1.when1

7、）当时 表示时间点时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示时间段时，从句中用延续性动词。When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in.当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（时间段）He waved a hello when he saw her.当他看见她的时候，就挥手打了个招呼。（时间点）温馨提示：第一个句子中的when可以用while替换，但是第二个句子的when不可以。第十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。2）正在这时 常用句型： be doingwhen 正在干某事这时be about to dowhen 即将干某事

8、这时had done when 刚一这时He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang.他正要上床睡觉，忽然门铃响了。They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.他们正看着世界杯比赛，突然灯灭了。温馨提示：when只能放在前一个分句后；句子谓语动词只能用过去式。第十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。2.while1）while通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用延续性动词作谓语。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。2）while

9、有时可以作并列连词，表示对比， 可译成“而”。I am fond of English while he likes maths.我喜欢英语，而他却喜欢数学。第十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。We slept while the captain kept watch.我们睡觉，而上尉担任警戒。3）while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是虽然。While they love their children, they are strict with them.虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。第十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。As - 一边一边,强调从句和主句中两个动作交

10、替进行或同步进行。 随着She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As she grew older, she became more beautiful.第十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。As - 当时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。=WhenAs I was going out, it began to rain.I saw Mary as she was going on the bus.第十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。As he was eating his breakf

11、ast, he heard someone knock at the door.Someone patted me on the shoulder as I was standing before the shop window.第二十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。The moment - 一就 =as soon as , immediately,-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.第二十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Not unti

12、l - 直到才He didnt leave the office until he finished the work.=He left the office when he finished the work.Not until 可以和 when 互换第二十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Before - 在之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.Did you work as a stewardess before you come to this company?

13、第二十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。It was not long before I forgot it all.(It was /will be before 是常用句型)He ran off before I could stop him. 第二十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。After - 在 之后The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.The plane took off after the air traffic controller gave

14、clearance.第二十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Since -自从, 通常主句用现在完成时I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.The captain has traveled almost everywhere in the world since he became a pilot.第二十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。It is just a week since we arrived here. (It is /has been since是常用句型）第二十七页，编辑

15、于星期五：二十点 五十三分。As soon as - 一就Jack went to school as soon as he got well.Ill ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him. 第二十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。No sooner than - 一就No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.no sooner than 用于句首要求倒装Hardly whenScarcely when第二十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Once you see him

16、, you will never forget him. Once - 一但就第三十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Every time, each time 每次whenever 每当Each time he came to town, he would visit our school. Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 第三十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。 2.条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有:If, unless, as long as, in case, provided that, on

17、condition that第三十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。If -如果If you dont hurry up, you will miss the plane.If it snows tomorrow, the flight will be canceled.If you leave at 6 oclock tomorrow morning, youd better get to bed now. 第三十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Unless - 如果不, 除非=if notWe cant get there on time unless we book the e

18、arliest flight= We cannot get there on time if we dont book the earliest flight.第三十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Dont trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you. He will not join us unless he changes his mind.第三十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。As long as - 只要We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.You cant play games

19、 as long as you remember the rules.A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.第三十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。As (so) far as - 据所知As far as I know, he speaks English very well.As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA. 第三十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。In case - 万一The plane cannot take off in case it rains.Sen

20、d us a message in case you have any difficulty. 第三十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Provided that 如果,有时省略 thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.You can become a stewardess provided that you are in good shape and you have got the proper education.第三十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。

21、On condition that - 条件是He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.第四十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。If he arrives tomorrow, I will be w

22、aiting for him at the airport.He said he would not leave unless it was fine next day.第四十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。3.地点状语从句 地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where, wherever第四十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Where - 在地方Put the medicine where you can easily get it.Where that high building stands, there used to be some low, deserted houses.Wh

23、ere there is a will, there is a way.第四十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Wherever - 无论哪里He follows her wherever she goes.Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.第四十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。4.原因状语从句 because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.第四十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五

24、十三分。Because - 因为（直接）,通常从句放在主句后.Mr Smith was very upset because he couldnt find his luggage.He said that he couldnt work because the computer was out of order.第四十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。I succeed because I willed it, I never hesitated.I do it because I like it. 第四十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。As - 因为（解释）, 通常放在句首As

25、it is quite windy today, he decidesAs he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.第四十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Since -既然（众所周知） 因语气较弱, 常译为既然Since everybody has come, we can set off.Since the purser didnt tell us what to do, we can relax.第四十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Now that - 既然Now that you are here, you can

26、 join us.Now that all airlines offer discount prices, we should do the same.第五十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。considering that - 顾及到 Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job. 第五十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。seeing that - 鉴于 Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided toput the

27、 meeting off. 第五十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。5.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that, sothatsuchthat第五十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。So that - 太以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用thatBoeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb.The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.第五十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。So th

28、at - 因而，以便，为了 有时so 可以省去Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can put mine in the overhead bin too.Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.第五十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。When you skin your customers, you should leave some skin on to grow so that you can skin them again.

29、第五十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Such that -太以至于 用法与sothat相同，但such 后面应用名词。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.第五十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。The Canadian airlines hangar is such a huge building that it can hold two medium-range jets at the same time.第五十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。 6.目的状语

30、从句 引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest第五十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Lets take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.(So) that - 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等 第六十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。in order that - 为了, 与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, mi

31、ght, should等 School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm. 第六十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。for fear that - 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)He took the name down for fear that he should forget it. The instructor emphasized on the issue three times for fear that the students did not pay eno

32、ugh attention to the problem.第六十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。in case - 万一 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.Please take an umbrella in case it rains.第六十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Lest - 以防万一The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be

33、 angry with him.The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime lest they wouldnt finish the task on time.第六十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。7.比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的连词有：Asas, not so (as)as, .than, the more the more. 第六十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Asas - 像一样If you dont want to miss the flight, you need to be at the

34、 airport as early as possible.My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the body.第六十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Not so (as) as - 不像The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.The flight was not so/as harmful as the captain

35、 predicted.第六十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。than -比怎么样，用于事物间的比较，more 后面用形容词或副词People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs.I personally think that the American movies are more interesting than Chinese ones第六十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。The more, the more - 越 越The more he listened to that

36、 song, the less he enjoyed it.The more things a man is ashamed of, the more respectable he is.第六十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。8.让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether第七十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Although, though -虽然 although 和though 可以互换，但although

37、常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off. Although it was not his fault, he took all the blame.第七十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Though he did his best, he didnt succeed.Child though he was, he did quite well.第七十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。As - 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。Busy as

38、he is, he never misses a football match.Hard as she works, she makes little progress.第七十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Even if /even though -即使Even if you dont like your boss, you should do your work.Even if you are not fond of flowers, you shouldnt miss the chrysanthemum exhibition.第七十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Even t

39、hough I might be wrong, I will go my way.Even though his dean didnt mean it, he still felt embarrassed.第七十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。However - 不论， however 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装He couldnt get there on time however fast he drove.The father couldnt make his daughter smile however hard he tried.第七十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分

40、。N o matter (what, when, where, how) -无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）The old man wouldnt believe anything no matter what you said.Please tell me the result no matter when you get it.第七十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。He wouldnt forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.I will find you no matter where you hide.第七十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点

41、五十三分。Whatever - 不管Whatever other people may say, she wont change her mind.Whatever you do, it wont affect our plan.第七十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。While -尽管While I have sympathy for you, I cant help you.While its none of my business, I will watch you.第八十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。Whether -不管，常与or not 连用Whether he is g

42、ood or not, the company decided to send him abroad.Whether his proposal is practical or not, the department plans to adopt.第八十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。9. 方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由:as, as if, as though第八十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。as -与 一样 Do in Rome as the Romans do. Leave things as they are. 第八十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。as if, a

43、s though - 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气 She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting forsomeone. 第八十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。1._ you decide to take up, you should try to make it a success.A. If B. Whenever C. Unless D. Whatever第八十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。2.It is foolish to take a taxi you can

44、easilywalk to the station.A. before B. that C. unless D. when第八十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。3.Ill accept any job, _ I dont have to get up early.A. even though B. though C. in case D. as long as第八十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。4._ problems you have, you can always come tome for help.A. What B. Whatever C. Whichever D. W

45、hich第八十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。5. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter第八十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。6.-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?- Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her.A. while B. the moment C.suddenly D. once第九十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十三分。7. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever第九十一页，编