专升本英语第三天语法讲解

1、 重庆专升本英语 2015年第一页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。专升本英语第五天课程安排：上午： 1.名词性从句讲解 2.作业评讲 下午： 1.单词讲解（264-329） 2.写作讲解 3.听力练习第二页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。定语从句（形容词性从句）名词性从句状语从句（副词性从句）句子分类： 简单句 并列句 复合句复合句第三页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。一 含义：名词性从句：起名词作用的句子。二 分类：主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句名词性从句第四页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。名词性从句一、名词性从句包括：主语从句 What you need is more practice.宾语从句

2、We must find out who did all this.表语从句 The question is whether it is worth doing.同位语从句 The visitor expressed his hope that he would visit China again.二、学习要领：1.连接词(重点)2.从句中的语序（陈述句语序）3.时态一致（宾从）第五页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。名词从句连接词连接词是否作成分连接词是否省略对应的简单句类型从属连词: that不作成分且无实义在宾语从句中可以省略陈述句从属连词：whether ; if 不作成分“是否” 不能省（

3、是否）一般疑问句连接副词：when where why how 连接代词：Who whom what which whose作状语：“何时” “何地” “为什么” “怎样”作主语、宾语、表语： who whom what 作定语：which +n. “哪个”Whose +n. 不能省略（既作成分，又有意义）特殊疑问句第六页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。（一）.主语从句 考点1. what “什么” “所的” 引导的主语从句居多What confuses me is they leave me alone. 主语 系动词 表语 what 在主语从句中，可做主语，宾语，表语What I said i

4、s absolutely true.我所说的全是事实。 The words/thing that I said is absolutely true.第七页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。What makes me disappointed is that you lied to me. The thing that makes me disappointed is that you lied to me.什么情况下，选择what? 前无先行词，后面句子不完整。第八页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。练习题1. _ makes his shop different is that it offers m

5、ore personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever10年 23. _ surprises me most was to see some of the villagers seated on the benches.A. It B. That C. What D. Which第九页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。2. Whether “是否” 2. Whether he will come is unknown. 主语 系动词 表语他是否要来还不从得知。12年 23._ we will hold a sports meeting

6、 or not has not been decided yet.A. Whether B. As though C. If D. Once第十页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。That the manager should consider our requirement is likely . （that 不可省略）主语 系动词 表语为避免头重脚轻，用it 作为形式主语， that 真正主语放在句尾3. that 引导主语从句It is likely that the manager should 主语consider our requirement.第十一页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。It

7、is likely that the manager should consider our requirement.句型一：It is/was +adj.+ that 从句(should do/be done)表虚拟 表命令，建议，要求，请求这一类词的v. n. adj. 后面用that 引导的主语从句（should do/be done）should 可以省略，表虚拟语气。表坚持：insisted(坚决主张);表命令： commanded; ordered; 表建议： suggested ; advisable; proposed;表要求： demanded; desired; requi

8、red; requested; 第十二页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。 necessary=essential 必要的 important=vital 重要的 natural 自然的； strange 奇怪的； decided 决定的；urgent 急切的；It is essential that all these figures _ twice.A. check B. checkedC. are checked D. be checked第十三页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。主语从句 固定句型句型一：It is/was +adj.+ that 从句(should do)表虚拟句型二：It is

9、/was + adj. +n.+ that 从句 句型三：It is / was + v.过去分词 +that 从句1. _ hard water does not mix well with soap.A. That is a well-known factB. That is a well-known fact in whichC. It is a well-known fact thatD. It is a well-known that不一定用should do 表示虚拟语气第十四页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。主语从句 句型三：It is / was + v.过去分词 +that 从句

10、2._ every magnet is surrounded by a magnetic field.A. It believes that B. It believed that C. It is believed thatD. It is believing thatC第十五页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。主语从句 练习题1. It is obvious _ on more important things.A. which the money should we spendB. what the money should we spendC. that the money should w

11、e spendD. that we should spend the moneyD第十六页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。主语从句 真题回顾 10年 23. _ surprises me most was to see some of the villagers seated on the benches.A. It B. That C. What D. Which12年 23._ we will hold a sports meet or not has not been decided yet.A. Whether B. As though C. If D. OnceCA第十七页，编辑于星期六

12、：九点 三分。4. 作状语成分的连接副词 when where why how4.1 when 连接主语从句，在其所引导的从句中充当时间状语When the meeting will be begun is doubtful. 主语 系动词 表语这会议何时开始还被受疑问中。When he comes to me is still unknown. 他什么时候来看我还不知道。第十八页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。4.2 where 连接主语从句，在其引导的从句中充当地点状语。Where his pen is lost is unknown. 主语 系动词 表语他的钢笔在哪里弄丢还不曾得知。Wher

13、e the bridge will be built is under discussion.第十九页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。4.3 why 连接主语从句，在其引导的从句中充当原因状语。Why he did not go to school is not important. 主语 系动词 表语他为什么不来学校不重要。第二十页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。4.4 how 引导主语从句，在其所引导的从句中充当方式状语。How he managed to across the channel draws 主语 谓语peoples attention.宾语他是怎样跨越那海峡的吸引人们的注意力。第二

14、十一页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。宾语从句：跟在及物动词或介词或形容词后作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。通常由“that” 引导，that 可省略。（二）宾语从句 考点1. 连接词从句是陈述的语气 用that从句是一般疑问语气 用if / whether从句是特殊疑问语气 用 wh 开头的特殊疑问词who/whom/what/whose/which/when/where/why/howeg：Im afraid that you are right. We do not care for whether he will come or not.No one knows when the new fil

15、m starts.第二十二页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。2. 宾语从句中的时态2.1 主句是一般现在时，从句什么时态都行eg: He says (that） he is reading a book now. 2.2 主句是一般过去时，从句用过去范畴的时态eg：He said (that) he would work hard.eg: They said (that) they had been to France.但若从句表示客观规律，真理，事实，用一般现在时态。 The students asked me if the earth goes round the sun. 第二十三页，编辑于

16、星期六：九点 三分。宾语从句：跟在及物动词或者介词后作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。1. 通常由“that” 引导，that 可省略。Eg: I want to tell (that) you are the winner 主语 谓语 宾语of the game. Eg: That man said （that） he would bounce back 主语 谓语 宾语 before long. Eg: I am excessively sorry (that) the price of raw materials have been increased. （二）宾语从句 考点第二十四页，编辑于星

17、期六：九点 三分。2. whether & if 引导宾语从句的区别相同点：whether & if 都可放在know, ask, care, wonder后面。不同点：. Prep. +whether:Eg: we can not find out _(whether/if) he leaves.(2). whether to do :I can not decide _(whether/if) to stay.第二十五页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。whether & if 区别(3).引导主语从句时，whether 可位于句首 , 且与or not 连用，但if 却不能。Whether w

18、e join in the competition or not has not decided.12年 23._ we will hold a sports meeting or not has not been decided yet.A. Whether B. As though C. If D. Once第二十六页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。3. it 作形式宾语，真正宾语放于句后。 3.1 think/find/ feel/consider/ make/ believe/regard/hate/take/owe/have/see to +it+ (adj./n.) +to do st

19、h. think/find/ feel/consider/ make/ believe/regard/hate/take/owe/have/see to +it+ (adj./n.) +宾语从句Eg: I think it necessary to take plenty of hot water every day.Eg: I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.第二十七页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。Eg: I took it for granted that they were not coming.E

20、g: I will see to it that everything is ready in time.Eg: I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 练习题：1. They felt it difficult _(finish) the task in such a short time.2. I find it pleasant _(work) with him.3. I think it my honor_ (invite) to speak here. 第二十八页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。4. 其他连接词引导宾语从句4

21、.1 Who 引导宾语从句，做主语/宾语/表语 1. I dont know who is on duty today. 2. Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 3. He asked who could answer the question. 第二十九页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。其他连接词Eg: He asked me where Mr. Wang was. eg: I asked me which job I will choose.Eg: My friend asks me when I will graduate. 第三十页，

22、编辑于星期六：九点 三分。（二）宾语从句 考点注意： 动词和介词后面才跟宾语1. He is wondering _ will be his wife.2.listening carefully to _ in class means less work later.A. what does the teacher sayB. what the teacher saysC. that the teacher saysD. which the teacher sayswhoB第三十一页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。(三) 表语从句 考点考点：表语从句一般是位于系动词尤其是be 动词（如is /wa

23、s）之后.固定结构：The reason for +n./n.短语+ is/was that The reason why+句子+is/was that T or FThe reason for his absence was because he has left the city.第三十二页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。1. The reason for my return is _ I left my keys behind.A. because B. it C. that D. why2. Thisis_theyoncelived.A . What B . Where C. WhenD.

24、 that 第三十三页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。表语从句 练习1. the reason why we are so late is _.A. because of the car breaking downB. due the care broke downC. that the car broke downD. because the car broke downC第三十四页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。表语从句 练习2. stopping pouring polluted water into the river is _the factory has to solve at prese

25、nt.A. what B. which C. as D. that3.The question is _we arrive in New York.A. what B. when C. where D. thatAB第三十五页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。(四) 同位语从句1.同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。We were all overjoyed at the news_ the experiment turned out a success.A. which B. that C. when D. what2.同位语从句一般位于如下词汇后面，通常用that 引导，但也可由其他词引导。（

26、1）.news/fact/hope/idea/doubt/information/message/word/problem/promise/wish/question/truth/evidencethat 第三十六页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。(2). 表命令、建议、要求、请求的名词(同位语从句中用should do 表虚拟):表坚持：insistence表命令:order/command表建议:suggestion、advice、proposal表要求、请求： demand /desire/require/requestHe made the suggestion that we shoul

27、d go by train.第三十七页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。3.同位语从句说明的名词有时会和后面的同位语从句分隔： An idea came to her _she might do the experiment in another way.A. that B. what C. when D. whichthat第三十八页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。补充考点：强调句型加分句型1. 句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分注意：此句型不强调谓语；谓语动词由do/does/did +do表强调。2. 判断是否为强调句型：将it is/wasthat/who 去掉，句

28、子仍然成立，则为强调句型。Eg: I met Mary in library this morning.It was I that/who met Mary in library this morning.It was Mary that/who I met in library this morning.It was in library that I met Mary this morning.It was this morning that I met Mary in library.I do meet Mary in library this morning.强调谓语第三十九页，编辑于

29、星期六：九点 三分。区分：that 引导的不同从句 难点 总结：that 句型It is/was+ adj. +that It is/was+ n. + that It is/was+被强调部分+that第四十页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。It is important that we should go to bed early.It is the park that I have seen before.It is a good news that we have no class on Friday.It is in the park that I will meet my BF.主语从

30、句定语从句同位语从句强调句型区分：that 引导的不同从句 难点第四十一页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。09年 25. it was in the park _ I met Mary yesterday.A. that B. where C. what D. when10年 24. it is in room 315_ the meeting will be held .A. where B. in which C. that D. when第四十二页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。定语从句：N./pron+从句（完整或不完整）同位语从句：n. 特定的+that 从句（完整句子）主语从句: 从句+b

31、e/v.宾语从句：v./prep./adj.+从句表语从句：be/feel/looks+从句第四十三页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。11年 21.We expressed the hope _ they would visit China again.A. how B. that C. what D. which11年 23. It was this pen _ I bought yesterday.A. that B. what C. who D. which第四十四页，编辑于星期六：九点 三分。12年 22. The village _my grandfather grew up is not far from town.