石材专业术语

1、石材专业术语-一般术语 建筑石材building stone具有一定的物理、化学性能可用作建筑材料的岩石。装饰石材decorative stone具有装饰性能的建筑石材，加工后可供建筑装饰用。品种variety按颜色、花纹等特征及产地对饰面石材所做的分类。饰面石材facing stone用来加工饰面板材的石材。饰面板材facing slab用饰面石材加工成的板材，用作建筑物的内外墙面、地面、柱面、 台面等。大理石marble商业上指以大理岩为代表的一类装饰石材，包括碳酸盐岩和与其有关的 变质岩，主要成分为碳酸盐矿物，一般质地较软。花岗石granite商业上指以花岗岩为代表的一类装饰石材，包括各

2、类岩浆岩和花岗质的 变质岩，一般质地较硬。石材专业术语-产品术语.毛料untrimmed quarry stone由矿山直接分离下来，形状不规则的石料。.荒料quarrystone由毛料经加工而成的，具有一定规格，用以加工饰面板材的石料。.料石squared stone用毛料加工成的具有一定规格，用来砌筑建筑物用的石料。.规格料dimension stone符合标准规格的荒料。.协议料agreeddimension stone由供需双方议定规格的荒料。.毛板flag slab由荒料锯解成的板材。.粗面装饰板材（粗面板）roughing slab表面平整粗糙具有较规则加工条纹的板材。.剁斧板材a

3、xed slab指用斧头加工成的粗面饰面板。.锤击板材hammer dressed slab指用花锤加工成的粗面饰面板。.烧毛板flamed slab指用火焰法加工成的粗面饰面板。.机刨板材planed slab指机刨法加工成的粗面饰面板。.细面板材（磨光板）rubbed slab表面平整光滑的板材。.镜面板材（抛光板）polished slab表面平整，具有镜面光泽的板材。.薄板thin slab厚度小于等于mm的板材。.厚板thick slab厚度大于mm的板材。.普型板normal slab正方形或长方形的板材。.异型板irregular slab非正方形或长方形的板材。.协议板agre

4、eddimension slab由供需双方议定的板材。石材专业术语-性能及缺陷术语.毛料untrimmed quarry stone由矿山直接分离下来，形状不规则的石料。.荒料quarrystone由毛料经加工而成的，具有一定规格，用以加工饰面板材的石料。.料石squared stone用毛料加工成的具有一定规格，用来砌筑建筑物用的石料。.规格料dimension stone符合标准规格的荒料。.协议料agreeddimension stone由供需双方议定规格的荒料。.毛板flag slab由荒料锯解成的板材。.粗面装饰板材（粗面板）roughing slab表面平整粗糙具有较规则加工条纹的

5、板材。.剁斧板材axed slab指用斧头加工成的粗面饰面板。.锤击板材hammer dressed slab指用花锤加工成的粗面饰面板。.烧毛板flamed slab指用火焰法加工成的粗面饰面板。.机刨板材planed slab指机刨法加工成的粗面饰面板。.细面板材（磨光板）rubbed slab表面平整光滑的板材。.镜面板材（抛光板）polished slab表面平整，具有镜面光泽的板材。.薄板thin slab厚度小于等于mm的板材。.厚板thick slab厚度大于mm的板材。.普型板normal slab正方形或长方形的板材。.异型板irregular slab非正方形或长方形的板材

6、。.协议板agreeddimension slab由供需双方议定的板材。石材专业术语-开采及加工术语采场quarry回采矿石的场地。回采quarrying由矿体分离矿石的过程剥离overburden stripping回来前将矿体周围的非矿体物质清除掉的过程。锯解sawcutting将荒料加工成毛板的过程。切割cutting将板材加工成一定尺寸的过程磨光rubbing将毛板表面加工成具有平整光滑的过程。抛光polishing将细面板表面加工成具有镜向光泽的过程。石材专业术语-地质术语.石英quartz二氧化硅晶体。长石feldspar钾、钠、钙的架状结构铝硅酸盐矿物。.碱性长石alkalife

7、ldspar富含碱金属钾、钠的长石的总称。.斜长石plaginclase富含钠、钙的长石的总称。.云母mica铁、镁、钾等的层状结构铝硅酸盐水合物，具有极完全的片状解理，可沿解理 剥成具有弹性的薄片。.白云母muscovite含钾的云母。.黑云母biotite含铁、镁的云母。.角闪石amphibole含氢氧根（0H-）的铁、镁、钙、钠、铝的链状结构硅酸盐矿物。.辉石pyroxene铁、镁、钙、钠、铝的链状结构硅酸盐矿物。.方解石calcite碳酸钙矿物。.白云石dolomite碳酸钙镁矿物。.橄榄石olivine镁和铁的硅酸盐矿物。.蛇纹石serpentine硅酸镁的水合物。.黄铁矿pyrit

8、e二硫化铁矿物。.竭铁矿limonite以氧化铁的水合物为主要成分的混合物。.磁铁矿magnetite四氧化三铁矿物，具磁性。.全晶质结构holocrystalline texture组分完全结晶而不含有玻璃质的结构。.隐晶质结构cryptocrystalline texture组分结晶很细仅能在显微镜下分辩的结构。.玻璃质结构glassy texture组分没有结晶，为纯碎玻璃质的结构。.等粒结构eguigranular texture岩石中主要矿物颗粒大小基本一致的结构。.斑状结构porphyritic texture岩石中有大小截然不同的结晶颗粒，大颗粒称为斑晶， 小颗粒称为基质。.鲕状

9、结构oolitic texture由球形或椭球形颗粒组成，其颗粒外形、大小象鱼卵。.碎屑结构clastic texture岩石中碎屑含量大于的结构。.生物结构biogenetic texture岩石中生物骨骼的含量大于的结构。.块状构造massive structure岩石中矿物排列无次序、分布均匀的构造。.条带状构造banded structure岩石中不同结构，不同矿物颗粒组成的不同颜色的条带 相间排列的构造。.片麻状构造gneissic structure岩石中矿物呈定向排列的构造。.岩浆岩magmatic rock由岩浆冷凝而形成的岩石。.沉积岩sedimentary rock由沉积物

10、固结而形成的岩石。.变质岩metamorphic rock原有的岩石经变质作用后形成的岩石。.橄榄岩dunite主要由橄榄石和辉石组成的深成超基性岩浆岩。.辉长岩gabbro主要由基性斜长石和单斜辉石组成的深成基性岩浆岩。.辉绿岩diabase主要由辉石和基性斜长石组成的浅成基性岩浆岩。.玄武岩basaIt成分与辉长岩相当的喷出的基性岩浆岩。.闪长岩diorite主要由中性斜长石和角闪石组成的深成中性岩浆岩。.花岗岩granite主要由石英、长石、云母和少量其他深色矿物组成的深成酸性岩浆岩。.白云岩dolomite主要由白云石组成的沉积岩石。.石灰岩limextone主要由方解石组成的沉积岩石

11、。.鲕状灰岩oolitic limeston具鲕状结构的石灰岩。.生物碎屑灰岩bioclastic由破碎的生物贝壳被碳酸钙胶结而成的石灰岩。.竹叶状灰岩wormkalk由圆形、椭圆形扇平砾石平行排列组成的石灰岩，在垂直切面 上砾石的形状象竹叶。.叠层灰岩stromatolithic limestone具平行细纹层的灰岩。.大理岩marble碳酸盐矿物（方解石、白云石为主）大于50%的变质岩。.蛇纹石化大理石serpentinized marble含有大量蛇纹石的大理岩。.片麻岩gneiss具片麻状构造的，主要成分为长石、石英、云母的变质岩。石材专业术语-石材表面加工英文术语Polished:

12、To smooth or brighten a surface increasing the reflective quality and luster by chemical or physical processes. Generally gloss levels should be + 90 as measured by a gloss meter. To achieve this, final polishing should have been done by latest Italian/ French machines using imported abrasives.Buffi

13、ng: Using a non-abrasive pad attached to a machine, which rotates the pad in a circular fashion over the stone, generally between 150-300 RPM. Polishing formulations containing micro-fine abrasive materials are used with buffing to produce a more reflective gloss on the surface of stone. Waxes are a

14、lso used with buffing to enhance the gloss of polished stone.Honed: To grind a surface with a high grit material to a uniform specification without producing a reflective surface.Sawn: i.e. unpolished. It is not advisable to buy this way because : floor polishers do not give as good a polish as fact

15、ory machine polishers. many defects are not visible easily before polishing.Calibration: To grind a surface with a high grit material to a uniform surface to maintain the thickness variation.Gangsaw: To grind two sides of the stone surfaces with a high grit material to a uniform specification withou

16、t producing a reflective surface.Shade variation: Slabs / tiles should be sorted to ensure uniformity of shade. Normally, any colour can be sorted into three shades. Sorting is simple -just lay all the material on the floor and look from different directions.Colour patches: These are darker or light

17、er patches or bands of single colours due to mineral localisation.Scratches: The marring of the surface caused by physical trauma such as small stones or sand embedded in shoes scraping across a marble floor.Staining: The absorption of foreign pigments or oils into the porous stone causing discolora

18、tion.Double color: Sometimes two different grain sizes occur in the same slab, giving the appearance of a double colour.Free lengths: i.e. lengths varying randomly while width is constant are also very attractive. Choose the widths as per the expected floor area. Buy random lengths and cut at your site to fit.Flatness TolerancesA 4 dimension in any direction on the surface shall determine variation from true plane, or fl surfaces. Such v