8视觉信号通信

1、8 Visual Signaling视觉信号通信8 Visual Signaling确保船舶在任何时候都能与外界联系，不仅是海上航行和生产所必需的，而且与海上人命和财产安全息息相关。STCW公约明确要求负责航行值班的驾驶员应能用视觉通信发出和接收信号，具备用莫尔斯灯收发信息的能力及使用国际信号规则的能力。可见，视觉和声响通信与无线电通信一样都是船舶驾驶人员必须掌握的基本技能之一。视觉和声响通信包括：灯光通信、旗号通信、手旗或手臂通信、音响通信和强力扬声器喊话等。8 Visual Signaling8.1 船舶信号设备及配备8.2 船舶信号设备的保养8.3 国际信号规则8.4 船舶挂旗常识8.5

2、 通信要素的表示方法8.6 船舶呼号8.1 船舶信号设备及配备8.1.1 HAND FLAGS 手旗是2面方形旗，边长40cm，根部套有一根木棍。分为字母“O”和字母“P”两种，根据通信时的不同背景选用。适用于白天、距离较近且视距良好的情况下，一般为13n mile。手旗信号8.1 船舶信号设备及配备8.1.2 International signal flagsIt is used in day time under good visibility.5 Colours: Red, Yellow, White, Black, Blue40 pieces in total :Alphabetic

3、al flag: A-Z , 26 pieces in total;Numeral flags: 0-9, 10 pieces in total;Substitutes: first substitute, second substitute, third substitute, 3 pieces in total;Answering pendant: 1 piece.8.1 船舶信号设备及配备8.1.2 International signal flagsShapes of signal flags Burgee flag letter flag A,B Rectangular flag C

4、Z Pennant numeral flag & answering flag Triangular substitute flagInternational signal flags信号旗规格表号数长方旗燕尾旗三角旗梯形旗LBLBL1HBHBB112100180024001800800270018004500130030021350120016001200530180012002500900200小2号103090012009004001350900190060015037006008006002709006001200380100450035063035021070035075025060

5、信号旗配备表8.1 船舶信号设备及配备8.1.3 灯光通信设备（Flashing light）（1）手提式：定向，通信用（2）旋转座架式：定向，通信用（3）桅顶式：环照，避让用8.2 船舶信号设备的保养8.2.1 旗绳新的旗绳要放在干燥的地方，以免受潮。桅上的各挂旗绳，在日落后都要放松，防止由于其伸缩性而断掉。靠近烟筒的绳子要经常保持清洁。旗绳一般是每年换一次，换下的绳子还可挑选一部分用作间索。8.2.2 旗帜各种旗帜使用完毕后，应按规定卷好放入旗柜，但若受潮湿，则必须阴干后才能卷起来，防止腐烂。旗帜经过久雨或阴天之后，遇有太阳时必须拿出来晒一下。一 般在暴晒之后还要晾干，防止发生虫蛀。8.2

6、 船舶信号设备的保养8.2.3 灯光通信设备各种灯光通信设备应经常清洁使玻璃外罩保持良好的透明度。每天在天 黑前应测试一次，检查电源是否接好，保险丝是否有断。对遮板的转轴要经常清洁灰尘和加润滑油；经常检查弹簧的磨损情况，防止在通信中途折断。使用完毕后应用盒盖好，避免碰坏。8.2.4 音响通信设备每次在船舶停靠之后应该对音响器具包括汽笛、电力音响装置等进行清洁检查保养。8.3 International Code of Signal国际信号规则（International Code of Signals，ICS）是由世界各国政府共同协商订立的。 制定该规则的目的主要是为了各国船舶、飞机、岸台之间

7、在各种情况下进行通信联系。特别是在危及航行和人命安全而又存在语言障碍时，该规则提供了合适的通信方法和工具。即使不存在语言隔阂， 该规则也可以使通信变得简洁而有效。现行规则是1969年4月1日开始生效的。我国政府于1975年7月1日起正式承认并执行该规则。目前， ICS经过了1981年、1987年和2003年三次修订。8.3 International Code of Signal根据 SOLAS 公约规定， ICS是船舶必备的航海图书之一，也是ISM规则要求港口国检查官必查的图书资料。8.3 International Code of Signal8.3.1 Main Contents of

8、ICSPart 1. Text. 14 chapters , including all kinds of methods, processes, definite and rules.Part 2. Main body. Codes and the meanings that they represent.Code: single-letter ; general section; medical section.Part 3. Appendix. Distress signal & Life-saving signal; procedure of transmission of messa

9、ge.8.3 International Code of Signal8.3.2 Single letter signals:Single letter signals which is from A to Z (except the R) havebeen allocated to signals which are very urgent or very important or of very common use. They may be made by any method of signaling, and their meaning should be always commit

10、ted to memory.Single letter signalsA - I have a diver down; keep well clear at slow speed.B*- I am taking in, or discharging, or carrying dangerous goods.C*- Yes (affirmative or “The significance of the previous group should be read in the affirmative”).D*- Keep clear of me; I am maneuvering with di

11、fficulty.E*- I am altering my course to starboard.Single letter signalsF - I am disabled; communicate with me.G*- I require a pilot. When made by fishing vessels operating in close proximity on the fishing grounds it means: “I am hauling nets”.H - I have a pilot on board.I* - I am altering my course

12、 to port.J - I am on fire and have dangerous cargo on board, keep well clear of me, or I am leaking dangerous cargo.Single letter signalsK - I wish to communicate with you.L - You should stop your vessel instantly.M - My vessel is stopped and making no way through the water.N - No (negative or “The

13、significance of the previous group should be read in the negative”). This signal may be given only visually or by sound. For voice or radio transmission the signal should be “NO”.O - Man overboard.Single letter signalsP - In harbor. All persons should report on board as the vessel is about to procee

14、d to sea. At sea. It may be used by fishing vessels to mean: “My nets have come fast upon an obstruction”. It may also be used as a sound to mean: “I require a pilot”.Q - My vessel is “healthy” and I request free pratique.S*- I am operating astern propulsion.T*- Keep clear of me; I am engaged in pai

15、r trawling.Single letter signalsU - You are running into danger.V - I require assistance.W - I require medical assistance.X - Stop carrying out your intentions and watch for my signals.Y - I am dragging my anchor.Z*- I require a tug. When made by fishing vessels operating in close proximity on the f

16、ishing grounds it means: “I am shooting nets”.MORSE SYMBOLSMORSE SYMBOLSNumeralsSymbolsNumeralsSymbols1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 0 8.4 船舶挂旗常识一、船舶挂旗类别1、船头公司旗停泊时悬于船首最前端旗杆上，航行时不挂。2、公司旗 （该船所属公司的标志旗）悬于后桅顶。8.4 船舶挂旗常识一、船舶挂旗类别3、国旗国旗代表国家主权和尊严。各国对国旗的悬挂均有各自的要求。中国籍船舶及进入中国内水、港口、锚地的外国籍船舶都应该遵守我国的船舶升降国旗管理办法。规定如下： （1）悬挂时间：每日

17、早升、晚降，恶劣天气除外。船舶在航行、锚泊时，由48点的值班水手负责升降；靠泊时由相应班次的值班水手负责。8.4 船舶挂旗常识一、船舶挂旗类别3、国旗（2）悬挂位置：中国籍船悬挂于船尾旗杆上。无船尾旗杆的挂于驾驶台信号桅顶部或右横桁。外国籍船悬挂中国国旗时，应悬挂于前桅或驾驶台信号桅顶部或右横桁。当中国国旗与其他旗帜同时悬挂于右横桁时，中国国旗应挂于最外侧。（3）船舶所悬挂的中国国旗，应当整洁，不得破损、污损、褪色和不合规格。8.4 船舶挂旗常识二、各类旗帜升降时间1、不论在航行或停泊时，应悬挂的各类旗帜通常应在日出时升起，日落时降下。2、在升旗时，应首先升起国旗，随后升起其他各旗；降旗时，应

18、先降下其他各类旗帜，最后降下国旗。3、在极地航行时，冬天应在能看得见的情况下悬升相关旗帜。4、船舶在进出港或其他必要显示国籍的情况下，国旗及各旗的是升降时间视需要提早或延迟。8.4 船舶挂旗常识三、升、降旗的正确操作方法1、国旗国旗是代表一个国家的尊严。保护国旗是所有海员的光荣职责，应时刻注意国旗的悬挂状态。升国旗时应缓慢升起，并应升到顶后系劳旗绳，防止松弛滑下。国旗应保持飘扬，不应卷叠。收下后平整叠好，放在旗柜内。如有破损应及时缝补。8.4 船舶挂旗常识三、升、降旗的正确操作方法2、船舶间致敬航行中在较近距离与本国及友好国家的海军舰艇和商船相遇时，应用国旗敬礼，以示敬意。敬礼的方法，是在驶近

19、对方船的正横方向前，将国旗降到一半高度；对方船亦应同样将国旗降至一半高度，随即再拉到顶表示回礼。我船亦同时将国旗升到顶。敬礼全过程结束。在下半旗期间敬礼时，应先将国旗升到顶后再降到一半高度处。敬礼毕后还应该将国旗升到顶然后再降到半旗位置。8.4 船舶挂旗常识三、升、降旗的正确操作方法3、下半旗凡遇哀悼日，应按国务院指示、规定下半旗致哀。在挂半旗时，应先将国旗升到顶随后再降到一半高度。在日落后降旗时，仍应先将升到顶后再降下。在国外港口是否需要降半旗，都应根据我国驻外使领馆的正式通知执行。8.4 船舶挂旗常识三、升、降旗的正确操作方法4、挂满旗凡遇国庆及重大节日，停泊中的船舶应挂满旗致庆。主要方式

20、是，在主桅顶上升国旗，从船首、尾到前后桅以及桅间用绳索以滑车固定穿引，将国际信号旗连接并绕缠于张索上，然后升起装饰全船。挂满旗挂满旗8.4 船舶挂旗常识三、升、降旗的正确操作方法4、挂满旗（1）将全部国际信号旗从形状（方旗与尖旗）与色泽上做好搭配。（2）升降索以及主旗绳应采用白棕绳，信号旗应与主旗绳牢固连接。（3）航行中不挂满旗但中、前、后桅顶分别悬挂国旗。船首公司旗、船尾国旗等仍应悬挂。（4）按照船舶的大小及类型，悬挂满旗也可采取不同的形式。（5）在国外港口遇该国国庆及重大节日是否挂满旗，需按驻在国使领馆指示执行。8.4 船舶挂旗常识三、升、降旗的正确操作方法5、船舶进出港时应悬挂的旗号（1

21、）不同的港口国或不同的抵达港对船舶应悬挂的信号旗有不同的要求。船舶在进入这些水域之前或当时，应设法了解这方面的有关规定以便正确悬挂。（2）需要引水时，先挂出“G”旗（我船需要引水员）。当引水登船后应降下“G”旗，升上“H”旗（我船上有引水员）。当引水离船后应立即降下“H”旗。8.4 船舶挂旗常识三、升、降旗的正确操作方法5、船舶进出港时应悬挂的旗号（3）船抵国外港口或返航抵达国内第一港时，到检疫锚地锚泊应悬挂出“Q”旗。待检疫结束，领到进口检疫证后，可降下“Q”旗。（4）抵达泊位并系泊结束后，即可降下船舶呼号旗、泊位旗和引航旗等。（5）船舶在预计开航前12h，应在明显位置悬挂“P”旗。当引水抵

22、达，将船舶呼号旗、引航旗升起，解掉第一根缆绳时，既降下“P”旗。8.5 通信要素的表示方法Transmission Method of Communication Elements in Signal Code Message8.5.1 Name of Vessels and /or PlacesSpelled the name of vessels and places directly.E.g. RV Shanghai = You should proceed to Shanghai.HY1 Merry Trans = The vessel Merry trans with I have

23、been in collision has resumed her voyage.8.5 通信要素的表示方法8.5.2 How to signal numbers(a) Numbers are to be signaled as follows:Flag signaling: by the numeral pennants of the Code.Flashing light or sound signaling: usually by the numerals in the Morse Code; they may also be spelled out.Radiotelephony or

24、loud hailer: by the Code words of the Figure Spelling.Figure Spelling Table8.5 通信要素的表示方法8.5.2 How to signal numbers(b) Figures which form part of the basic signification of a signal are to be sent together with the basic group.Examples:“DI 20” = “I require boats for 20 persons.”“FJ 2” = “Position of

25、 accident (or survival craft) is marked by sea marker”.8.5 通信要素的表示方法8.5.2 How to signal numbers(c) A decimal point between numerals is to be signaled as follows:Flag signaling: by inserting the answering pennant where it is desired to express the decimal point.Flashing light and sound signaling: by

26、“decimal point” signal “AAA”.Voice: by use of the word “DECIMAL” as indicated in the Figure Spelling Table.8.5 通信要素的表示方法8.5.3 Azimuth or bearingThey are to be expressed in three figures denoting degrees from 000 to 359, measured clockwise. If there is any possibility of confusion, they should be pre

27、ceded by the letter “A”. They are always to be true unless expressly stated to be otherwise in the context.Examples:LW 005 = I receive your transmission on bearing 005.LT A120 T1540 =Your bearing from me is 120 at (local time) 1540.8.5 通信要素的表示方法8.5.4 CourseCourse is to be expressed in three numerals

28、 denoting degrees from 000 to 359, measured clockwise. If there is any possibility of confusion, they should be preceded by the letter “C”. They are always to be true unless expressly stated to be otherwise in the context.Examples:MD 025 =My course is 025.GR C240 S18 =Vessel coming to your rescue is

29、 steering course 240, speed 18 knots.8.5 通信要素的表示方法8.5.5 DateDates are to be signaled by two, four, or six numerals preceded by the letter “D”. The first two numerals indicate the day of the month. When they are used alone they refer to the current month.Example:“D15” transmitted on the 15th or any o

30、ther date in April means “15 April”.“D1504” means “15 April”.“D181063” means “18 October 1963”.8.5 通信要素的表示方法8.5.6 LatitudeLatitude is expressed by four figures preceded by the Letter “L”. The first two figures denote the degrees and the last two the minutes. The letters “N” (North) or “S” (South) fo

31、llow if they are needed; however, for reasons of simplicity they may be omitted if there is no risk of confusion.Example:“L3740S” = “Latitude 3740S”.8.5 通信要素的表示方法8.5.7 LongitudeLongitude is expressed by four or, if necessary, five figures preceded by the letter “G”. The first two (or three) figures

32、denote the degrees and the last two the minutes. When the longitude is more than 99, no confusion will normally arise if the figure indicating hundreds of degrees is omitted. However, where it is necessary to avoid confusion the five figures should be used. The letters “E” (East) or “W” (West) follo

33、w if they are needed, otherwise they may be omitted, as in the case of latitude.Example:“G13925E” = “Longitude 13925 E”.8.5 通信要素的表示方法8.5.8 DistanceFigures preceded by the letter “R” indicate distance in nautical miles.Example:“OV A080 R10” = “Mine(s) is (are) believed to be bearing 080 from me, dist

34、ance 10 miles”.The letter “R” may be omitted if there is no possibility of confusion.8.5 通信要素的表示方法8.5.9 SpeedSpeed is indicated by figures preceded by:(a) the letter “S” to denote speed in knots, or(b) the letter “V” to denote speed in kilometers per hour.Examples:“BQ S300” = “The speed of my aircra

35、ft in relation to the surface of the earth is 300 knots”.8.5 通信要素的表示方法8.5.10 TimeTimes are to be expressed in four figures, of which the first two denote the hour, from 00 (midnight) up to 23 (11 p.m.), and the last two denote the minutes (from 00 to 59). The figures are preceded by:(a) the letter “T” indicating “Local time”, or(b) the letter “Z” indicating “Greenwich Mean Time”.Example:“RX Z0830” = “You should proceed at GMT 0830”.8.5 通信要素的表示方法8.5.11 DepthWherever the text allows depths, etc., to be s