英语词性与句子成分课件

1、取得英语语法成功的基石词性与句子成分复习：词性根据词的特点我们把词划分为名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、冠词等。 词类作 用例 词1. （n.）名 词表示人或事物的名称。I bought a book .She is a student.2. (pron.）代词代替名词、数词等。This is my friend. He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him. Parts of Speach3. （adj.）形容词表示人或事物的特征或性状。He is small but he is clever. The red pen i

2、s useful for the teacher. He painted the wall white yesterday.4. (num.）数词表示数目或顺序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.5. （v.）动 词表示动作或状态。We are working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.6. （adv.）副 词表示动作的特征或性状特征。I like English very much.The teacher treats us kindl

3、y .The train goes fast. He seldom comes to see us. 7. (prep.）介 词表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.8. （conj.）连词连接词与词或句与句的作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends. Two or three of us can dance well but I cant .9. (interj.）感叹词表示强烈的感情Oh ! How beautiful the scene is! Wh

4、at a good idea! Goodness !10. （art.）冠词用来限制名词的意义I have a pet dog . The dog is very lovely. He is an old man but very strong.1.名词 表示人和事物的名称。学校 寒假 圣诞节 城市 猫咪 书本 李白 友谊 school winter vacation Christmas city cat book Li Bai friendship专有名词 eg:Women in Love,James,the Alps普通名词注意：可数名词（cn.）不可数名词（un.）eg:advice,

5、baggage, furniture, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress（名词的数与格）refuseschool/visit/writeart America /musicpaint/build/write/learn/feelact/dicide/solvepure/real/majorrefusalscholar/visitor/writerartistAmerican/musicianpainting/building/writing etc.action/decision/solutionp

6、urity/reality/majoritytreat/move/judge/punish/argue/developkind/tired/darkdeep/long/strong/true/wide/warm/growtreatment/movement/judgment/punishment/argument/developmentkindness/tiredness/darknessdepth/length/strength/width/truth/warmth/growth2.代词:代替名词等 eg:he his this himself what when something etc

7、.人称代词, 物主代词, 指示代词, 反身代词, 疑问代词, 关系代词, 不定代词 etc.3.形容词：表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词eg:beautiful flowers something important(good better best)value/move/rely/comfort/reasonnature/nation/traditionabsence/difference/distance/importanceinterest/disappoint/carevaluable/movable/reliable/comfortable/reasonablenatural/na

8、tional/traditionalabsent/different/distant/importantinteresting/interested/disappointing/disappointed/caringchild/fool/selfact/create/impressbeauty/care/helpvary/danger/couragehome/breath/harmchildish/foolish/selfishactive/creative/impressivebeautiful/careful/helpfulvarious/dangerous/courageoushomel

9、ess/breathless/harmless4.数词：表示数目多少(基数词)或顺序多少的词(序数词) eg:two ,second(twice, one-third etc.) 5.动词:表示动作或者状态eg:run,work,sleep按功能：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词（eg: sleep remain have can）按形态:原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词etc.(时态与语态)(eg:do does did done doing) 时态 主动语态一般将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时

10、will dowould dodo / does didis / am / are doingwas / were doinghas / have donehad donehas / have been doinghad been doing will have done 时态 被动语态一般将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时will be donewould be doneis/am/are donewas/were doneis/am/are being donewas/were being donehas/ha

11、ve been donehad been donewill have been done6.副词:在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。eg: always outside properly very howI like English very much注意：adj adv（一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y） 1).直接+lycareless,quiet,different,beautiful,careful,recent2). 以le 结尾的形容词去e + y terrible terribly p

12、ossible possibly comfortable comfortably gentle gently simple simply reasonable reasonably probable probably3).以e 结尾的wise wisely nice nicely polite politely fortunate fortunately close closely immediateimmediately注意：true truly dull dully whole wholly full fully 4).以“y”结尾的,读音为 / i /,变“y”为“i+ly” eg:ha

13、ppy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily 读音为 / ai /， 直接加lyeg：dry-dryly; sly-slyly; shy-shyly5).以ic结尾的+ally energetic energetically scientific scientifically public publicly （例外）7.介词：词与词、词与句之间的关系eg:beside，along，across, throughin front of 8.连词:连接词与词，短语与短语，句与句eg:and, but, or, nor, so, as

14、well as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, (and) thenwhen ,where, because9.感叹词Wow!Eh.etc.10.冠词eg: the a an / But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (2009) We should consider the (important) of this matter seriously.choiceimportance

15、 被形容词修饰,用名词被冠词修饰，用名词We felt a great sense of (achieve) when we finally entered the key universities.achievement 作介词of的宾语，用名词 This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their （nature） course. (2008) Mary felt (please), because there were many empty seats in the room .naturalpleased用形容词修饰名词作表语

16、用形容词，表人感到怎样，用-ed形式 Having sports makes us (health) and strong.healthy 作补语用形容词 We drank together and talked （merry） till far into the night. (2007) His teacher took a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. (2010)merrilywarmly 修饰动词 talked 用副词 修饰动词 smiled 用副词

17、He must be (mental) disabled. (2011) (luck) , the hero died in a car accident two years ago.mentallyUnluckily 修饰形容词disabled 用副词 修饰后面整个句子 用副词The water was simply the container for an act ofkindness and love. Nothing could be_ (sweet).” (2010) But he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”_ （high）。(

18、2008)sweeterhigher 否定加比较级等最高级，按句意：没有什么比这更甜的了。修饰动词 grow 还是用副词，按句意：的确长得更高了。 After the earthquake many people become_(home).It is (legal) to break into other peoples houses and steal things.homelessillegal 系动词后用形容词，按句意：地震后很多人变得无家可归。 系动词后用形容词，按句意：闯进别人家偷东西是违法的。组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语

19、等。句子成分一、主语主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于_ 。1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.二、谓语谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由_ 充当.动词情

20、态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.1）状态系动词：be(am is are was were)He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词:keep, remain, stay etc.He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 系动词3）看起来像:seem, appear, look etc.He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.4）感官系动词：feel

21、, smell, sound, tasteThis flower smells very sweet. 5）变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come etc.He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词:prove, turn outThe rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。三、宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_或_后面.1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said th

22、at he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.及物动词介词表语：跟在系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful .四、表语定语：用来修饰_. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to

23、 tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.五、定语名词状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 六、状语John often came to chat with me( ) As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. ( )She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. ( )My father worked i

24、n this school ten years ago.( )Though he is young, he knows a lot.( )He came running.( )程度，目的地点，伴随地点，时间让步方式原因补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。七、补语Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreig

25、n friends.八、同位语一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear that the elephant

26、 is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用it作形式主语？ 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who

27、 will come. ( ) 说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。二、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take

28、 good care of them.( )名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示： He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( ) What surprised me

29、 most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( )名词代词数词从句形容词/副词介词短语分词三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：Its a red car.( )They live in the room above.( )My brother is a teacher.( )We belong to the third world.( )Lucys father is a poor worker.( )Mother made a birthday cake for me.( )The man under the tree is my teacher.( )

30、The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容词副词代词数词名词所有格名词介词短语现在分词三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.( )There are two things to be discussed today.（ ）Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（ ）This

31、is the very book that I need. （ ）过去分词不定式动名词从句四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：He is often late for class.( )We saw that picture at the cinema.( )He sat there smoking.( )They returned tired and hungry. （ ）They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ）Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( )The box is s

32、o heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副词，程度介词短语，地点分词，伴随不定式，目的形容词，状态让步状语从句结果状语从句四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ）He was angry because we were late( ）If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ) 时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句五、宾语补足语：I consider Jim a good friend.( )I always find her happy.( )People praised him as a hero.( )I had the TV fixed.( )I saw him entering the building.( )What made you think so?( )Do you want me to go?( )形容词名词介词短语过去分词现在分词省略掉to的不定式不定式英语句子的种类简单句 (simple sentence)并列句 (compound sentence)复合句 (complex sentence)简单句的五种基本句型英语五种基本句型