草莓繁殖田套种增效栽培技术

1、草莓繁殖田套种增效栽培技术草莓营养丰富，味道鲜美,于冬春水果淡季上市，价格一直稳居高位。因为草莓种植效益好,近年来栽培面积越来越大,仅盱眙县草莓栽培面积就以每年20%的速度增加。草莓采用无性繁殖，667m2用苗量较大,且价格较高(667m2栽6000株以上，一般每株价格在0.40元以上,有时还比较紧缺，因此多数老种植户都选择自己繁殖种苗。在淮安地区，草莓繁苗时间为3月下旬至8月上旬,是雨水集中的时期，需要进行避雨栽培，因此多选在塑料大棚中进行。因为草莓繁苗占地时间较长，为了充分利用土地以及草莓繁苗田的设施和能源，通过实验总结出一套草莓繁殖田套种增效栽培技术，以弥补空闲时间的效益，现介绍如下。S

2、trawberrynutritionisrich,delicious,fruitinthewinterandspringseason,thepricehasbeenstubbornlyhigh.Becauseofbetterstrawberryplantingbenefit,cultivationareainrecentyears,moreandmorebig,onlyXuYiXianstrawberrycultivationareaincreasedatanannualrateof20%.Strawberrytheasexualreproduction,667m2withseedlingam

3、ountislarger,andthepriceishigher(667m2plantedover6000strains,generalpriceatRMB0.40oraboveofapieceof,sometimesmoreshortage,somostoftheoldfarmerschoosetheirbreedingseedlings.Inhuaianregion,strawberrynumerousseedlingstimeisinlatemarchandearlyofAugust,thereisaconcentrationofrainperiod,theneedforshelter,

4、sochoosemoreinplasticgreenhouses.Becausestrawberriesnumerousseedlingsforalongtime,inordertomakefulluseofland,andstrawberrynumerousMiaoTianfacilitiesandenergy,summedupasetofstrawberrybreedingfieldthroughtestefficiencyinterplantingcultivationtechnology,tomakeupforthebenefitoffreetime,arepresentedasfol

5、lows.土壤准备soilpreparation施足基肥sufficientbasal草莓繁苗生长期长,对土壤肥力要求较高,在育苗前半个月要进行土壤深耕,每667m2施腐熟有机肥30004000kg、磷酸二铵和硫酸钾各10kg,将肥料撒匀,结合整地翻入土中。Strawberrynumerousseedlingsgrowingperiodlong,higherrequirementsonsoilfertility,soilinnurserybeforehalfamonthtoagriculture,each667m2rottenorganicfertilizerrates34000000kgea

6、ch10kg,diammoniumphosphateandpotassiumsulfate,fertilizerbesprinkleduniformly,combinedwithlandpreparationinthegrave.整地做畦soilpreparationforbeds在翻耕好的宽6m的大棚中心做沟,沟宽40cm、深30cm以上,在大棚两边做浅沟,沟宽20cm左右。将沟中取出的土置于两个畦面上,畦宽2.5m,用耧耙精细整地。栽母苗前,每667m2用施田补80g进行芽前除草。Greenhousescenterinploughinggood6mwidegroove,groovewidt

7、hmorethan40cm,30cmdeep,doshallowgrooveonbothsidesinthegreenhouse,about20cmwide.Removegrooveinthesoilintwostripsurface,stripwidth2.5m,withLourakefinesoilpreparation.Beforemotherplantedseedlings,each667m2withShiTianbudbeforetheweedingfill80g.种苗选择seedselection品种选择varietyselection选择优质、高产、抗寒、抗逆的草莓品种,当前淮安

8、地区在生产上常用的品种有红颊、丰香、枥木少女、章姬等。Selectionofhighquality,highyield,coldresistance,artstrawberryvarieties,huaianregioncurrentlycommonlyusedintheproductionofvarietieshasredcheeks,FengXianggirl,tochigi,ZhangJi,etc.种苗选择seedlings一般繁育生产用苗多使用脱毒种苗作母苗,如果数量不足,可选用部分一代苗做母苗,这样的种苗病毒不多,繁殖能力强。普通苗或者二代苗、三代苗也可以留种,但管理技术要求较高。所

9、有苗应没有病虫害,根系良好,长势整齐,具有34片叶。Generalbreedingproductionmademotherseedlingseedlingusemoreseedlingsseedlings,ifthequantityislessthansomeoptionaldomotherseedlinggenerationseedlings,theseedlingsvirus,strongabilitytoreproduce。Commonseedlingorsecondgenerationplants,threegenerationsofseedlingscanbestallion,but

10、higherrequirementsmanagementtechniques.Allseedlingsshouldbenoplantdiseasesandinsectpests,therootsystemisgood,lookslikethetidy,34leaf.定植母株theengraftmentmaternal于3月下旬至4月中旬开始定植,沿中心沟一侧向畦面内留10cm左右各定植1行,株距4050cm,每667m2定植440550株,通过匍匐茎的繁殖,可育成4万株左右生产苗。定植时母苗茎基部要与表土平齐,以上不埋心、下不露根为宜,定植后及时浇水。Beganengraftmentinlat

11、emarchuntilmid-april,lateralfurrowsurfacealongthecentergrooveleaves10cmeachengraftmentin1row,plantingdistanceof4050cm,each667m2engraftment667550,bystolonsbreeding,seedlingproducedaround40000strainsbreeding.Engraftmentmotherseedlingstembasewithsurfacesoillevel,whentheaboveisnotburiedundertheheart,not

12、theroot,engraftmentafterwateredthemintime.套种蔬菜interplantingvegetable套种速生蔬菜ythefast-growingvegetables在距离草莓母苗30cm处向棚边种植一些速生蔬菜,如散叶生菜、空心菜、木耳菜、菜薹、青菜、大葱等,待草莓伸蔓后,泰山奇石从草莓一端向外逐渐采收,一般667m2产量可达500kg左右,大葱可产1300kg,667m2收益增加2000元左右。At30cmdistancemotherstrawberryseedlingstogrowsomefast-growingvegetables,suchasleaf

13、lettuce,waterspinach,agaric,extraction,greenvegetables,greenChineseonion,etc.,afterbeingstrawberriesandtendril,graduallyoutwardfromstrawberryharvest,667m2productioncanreach667kgorsocommonly,greenChineseonioncanproduce300kgof1,667m2gains2000yuan.套种蔓生蔬菜interplantingviningvegetables利用大棚内侧棚架定植或点播豇豆、菜豆或早

14、熟扁豆,如果是钢架大棚也可以点播丝瓜,采用渔网线吊蔓,667m2可产豆类蔬菜400kg或丝瓜600kg。6月后,蔓生蔬菜的藤蔓可以帮助草莓苗遮阴,从而减少病毒病的发生。Usingcanopyinsidethescaffoldingengraftmentoron-demandcowpeas,kidneybeans,orprematurelentils,ifitissteelcanopycanbeon-demandloofah,USESthefishingnetwirehangingtendril,667m2canproduce400kgoflegumesorloofah600kg.After6m

15、onths,sprawlingvinesofvegetablescanhelpstrawberryseedlingsshade,therebyreducingtheoccurrenceofvirusdisease.田间管理fieldmanagement水肥管理managementofsewagesludge栽后及时浇水,以后每34d浇1次小水。因为套种了其他蔬菜,而且草莓苗生长后期会铺满畦面,因此最好使用微喷带,链条可将水肥一次性施用。因为基肥施用比较充足,可在速生蔬菜采收后集中追肥1次,每667m2施用雷力冲施肥10kg。根据植株长势,还可向叶面喷施0.2%0.3%的磷酸二氢钾或高美施生物肥

16、23次。Planttimelywatering,afterevery34dafterpouringnum1times.Becauseothervegetables,interplantingandstrawberryseedlingsatlatergrowthstagewillbecoveredwithbeddingsurface,soitisbesttousemicrospraybelt,sewagesludgecanbeone-timeuse.Becausemoresufficientbasalfertilizer,caninthefast-growingandvegetablesafte

17、rharvestconcentratedfertilizer,leilifertilization10kgper667m2application.Accordingtoplantgrowth,butalsotothefoliarspraying0.2%0.3%potassiumdihydrogenphosphateorhighbiologicalfertilizer23times.疏理压蔓YaManreorganization当匍匐茎发出时,采用人工压蔓的方法将新发出的茎蔓向畦面中心轻轻拉伸使其分布均匀,然后用小土块或细铅丝固定,生长期内注意及时疏理固定23次,以保证匍匐茎生长均匀。泰安车库门

18、当子苗基本布满苗床时,要采取摘心的方法及时除掉多余的和细弱的匍匐茎,控制生长数量,一般每株母苗保留80100株子苗,多余的细小子苗在匍匐茎着地前摘除。Whenwhenstolons,adoptthemethodofartificialYaManwillbeissuednewvinestothecentrestripgentlystretching,theuniformdistribution,andthenwithasmallclumporleadwireisfixed,fixedgrowthperiod,payattentiontotimelyaddress23times,fortheeve

19、nnessofstolongrowth.Whenbasicisfullofseedbedseedlings,wanttopickheartmethodinatimelymannertoeliminateredundantandthinstolons,controlthegrowthquantity,averageperfemaleseedlingskeep80100plantseedlings,extrafineboyseedlingsinstolonsremovedbeforelanding.摘老叶picktheleaflets母株移植成活后,要及时摘除老叶,以减少母株的营养消耗,促进其生长,提高子苗繁殖率。Maternalsurvivalaftertransplantation,totimelyremovalofoldleaves,inordertoredu